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專題十四 復(fù)合句 賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句 ,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 考查點(diǎn) 年份 題號 考查角度 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置 分值 賓語從句 2016 38 時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài) praises/praised/is praised/was__praised 1分 2016 40 語序及疑問詞 where Im going/how__Im__going/why Im planning/when Im planning 1分 2015 40 how they are playing/what__they__are__doing /where they are going/why they are practicing 1分 2014 45 引導(dǎo)詞和語意 where you buy the tickets/why you like to go there/if__youd__like__to__come__along/when you watch the match 1分 2013 44 2012 45 引導(dǎo)詞和時(shí)態(tài) what it is/what it was/where__it__is/where it was 1分 what__they__say/what they said/which they say/which they said 1分 賓語從句為河北近5年中考的必考點(diǎn)。單項(xiàng)選擇題對賓語從句的考查側(cè)重其引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)，一般都會涉及至少兩個(gè)考查點(diǎn)。主要表現(xiàn)在三方面：①語序正確，但引導(dǎo)詞和時(shí)態(tài)不同；②引導(dǎo)詞相同，但語序和時(shí)態(tài)不同；③時(shí)態(tài)一致，但引導(dǎo)詞和語序不同。語句設(shè)置多為2個(gè)單句，詞數(shù)為13—14。而且賓語從句通常會出現(xiàn)一些固定的詞語，如：I wonder…，Can you tell me…，I didnt understand…等。 定語從句在2012年之前為單項(xiàng)選擇的必考點(diǎn)，但2012年之后考綱明確規(guī)定單選中不再涉及對定語從句的考查，而是在語篇閱讀中滲透對定語從句的考查。 預(yù)測2017年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇必定會出現(xiàn)1道題來考查賓語從句，至少涉及2個(gè)考查點(diǎn)。 ,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破 賓語從句 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 賓語 從句 構(gòu)成規(guī)則 例句 連接詞 1.that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；作主語時(shí)不能省略； 2．what，when，where，how，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑問詞作連接詞； 3．當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時(shí)，連接詞用whether或if，表示“是否”。 Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？ Please tell me how you go to school.請告訴我你怎樣去學(xué)校的。 語序 從句一律用陳述語序，即主語＋謂語。 Do you know where Tom lives？你知道湯姆住哪兒嗎？ 時(shí)態(tài) 1.主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。 I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我聽說喬昨天去北京了。 I hear Joe will leave for Beijing.我聽說喬要去北京了。 2.主句是過去時(shí)，從句使用過去時(shí)的某種形式。 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說昨天這個(gè)時(shí)間她在看電視。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說她馬上去學(xué)校。 3.從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句使用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 注意：在介詞之后，動詞不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether，不用if。如：I cant decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能決定是否買這輛自行車。 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 一、連詞成句。 1．he，math，is，than，difficult，English，think __He__thinks__math__is__more__difficult__than__English/He__thinks__English__is__more__difficult__than__math__． 2．know，rain，whether，evening，I，it，this，dont __I__dont__know__whether__it__will__rain__this__evening__． 3．very，think，your，I，is，nice，dress __I__think__your__dress__is__very__nice__． 4．know，I，to，if，come，he，tomorrow，want __I__want__to__know__if__he__will__come__tomorrow__． 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 ( C )5.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)—Could you tell me ________ tomorrow? —Shanghai. A．how they are playing B．what they are doing C．where they are going D．if they are flying there ( A )6.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)Look at the thick black clouds.It ________ as if its going to rain. A．seems B．seemed C．is seemed D．seem ( A )7.(2016升學(xué)三模)—I wonder ________． —They are friendly and easy to take care of. A．why people keep pet dogs B．when people walk pet dogs C．how people keep pet dogs D．where people buy pet dogs ( D )8.(2016河北升學(xué)四模)—Could you tell me ________？ —Its ten minutes by bike. A．where your school is B．what your school is like C．which bus you take to school D．how far it is from your home to school ( A )9.(2016裕華區(qū)中考模擬)—Could you tell me ________ for travelling this summer? —We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Sanya. A．where your family will go B．how will your family go C．how your family will go D．where will your family go ( D )10.(2016張家口升學(xué)二模)My father has gone to Shanghai for business.Im not sure ________． A．how he came back B．when he came back C．how he will go there D．when he will come back 狀語從句 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 河北中考對狀語從句的考查一般都會和從屬連詞相結(jié)合，主要在狀語從句中考查從屬連詞的運(yùn)用與辨析。學(xué)生對此部分的學(xué)習(xí)可與專題五結(jié)合。具體用法如下： 狀語從句 的分類 從句的引導(dǎo)詞 例句 時(shí)間狀 語從句 when/while/as(當(dāng)……時(shí))，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，since(自從)，not…until(直到……才)，as soon as(一……就) I was doing my homework when my mother came in.當(dāng)我媽媽進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，我正在寫作業(yè)。 He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到爸爸回來他才去睡覺。 條件狀 語從句 if(如果)，as long as(只要)，unless(除非) Unless bad weather stops me，I go for a walk every day.我每天都會去散步，除非遇上壞天氣。 原因狀 語從句 because(因?yàn)?，since(既然)，as(由于) I like to eat apples because its good for my health.我喜歡吃蘋果，因?yàn)樗鼘ξ业慕】涤幸妗? Since everyone is here，lets begin our meeting.既然每個(gè)人都在這兒，我們開始開會吧。 目的狀 語從句 so that(以便，為了)，in order that(為了) He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the bus.他每天早上起得都很早，以便能趕上公交車。 結(jié)果狀 語從句 so that(結(jié)果是)，so…that/such…that(如此……以至于) Its so hot that nobody wants to go out.天太熱，以至于沒人想出去。 續(xù)表 狀語從句 的分類 從句的引導(dǎo)詞 例句 讓步狀 語從句 though/although(盡管，雖然)，even if(即使)，whatever(無論什么)，wherever(無論哪里)，whenever(無論何時(shí)) Wherever you go，I will go with you.無論你去哪兒，我都跟著你。 Whenever you come，I will wait for you.無論你什么時(shí)候來，我都會等你。 比較狀 語從句 than(比……)，as…as(和……一樣)，not as/so…as(不如……) He is as tall as Tom.他和湯姆一樣高。 地點(diǎn)狀 語從句 where(……的地方)，wherever(無論哪里) Sit wherever you like.請隨便坐。 注意：英語中有些時(shí)間和條件狀語從句必須遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句為一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，它所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來的意思，這時(shí)主句和從句所表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)在意義上仍然保持一致。 常見的應(yīng)使用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則的連詞有：表示時(shí)間的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，as long as，once等；表示條件的if，unless，so long as，in case等。 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 ( C )1.(2016張家口升學(xué)一模)Danny didnt see the cat catching a fish because he ________ the NBA game. A．watches B．is watching C．was watching D．watched ( A )2.(2015石家莊40中模擬)—When will your aunt leave for Shanghai? —I dont know，but Ill call you as soon as she ________. A．leaves B．will leave C．left D．leave ( C )3.(2016石家莊43中模擬)We left home early yesterday.________，we arrived there on time. A．in order to B．so that C．a(chǎn)s a result D．so ( D )4.(2016石家莊43中模擬)This exercise is ________ difficult ________ . A．so；that few of us can do B．such；that few of us can do it C．such；that few of us can do D．so；that few of us can do it ( D )5.(2016路南區(qū)升學(xué)模擬一)Our math teacher ________ in our school for 20 years and he ________ here when he was 23 years old. A．has taught；has come B．taught；comes C．taught；came D．has taught；came ( B )6.(2016路南區(qū)升學(xué)質(zhì)檢一)You ________ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A．should B．may C．need D．ought to 定語從句 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 關(guān)系詞 功能 先行詞 例句 that， who 主語、賓 語、表語 whom， that 賓語 人、物 Do you know the girl who/that often comes here？你認(rèn)識經(jīng)常來這兒的那個(gè)女孩嗎？ Hes the boy(whom/that) I talked with just now.他就是剛才和我說話的男孩。 that， which 主語、 賓語、 表語 事、物 A dictionary is a book that/which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解釋單詞意思的書。 時(shí)間 Ill never forget the days(that/which) we spent together.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起度過的日子。 地點(diǎn) The school(that/which) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai.昨天我們參觀的那個(gè)學(xué)校是上海的一所名校。 注意：定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞只能用that的情況： (1)當(dāng)先行詞為anything，everything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： Is there anything that I can do for you？我能為你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？ (2)當(dāng)先行詞為all，any，much，many等詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： Tom told her mother all that had happened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。 (3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.這是我度過的最美好的時(shí)光。 (4)當(dāng)先行詞是被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。 (5)當(dāng)先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： This will be the last chance that he can get.這將會是他可以得到的最后一次機(jī)會。 He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能幫你的人。 (6)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人。 (7)當(dāng)主句是以who，which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如： Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday？哪本書是他昨天從圖書館借的？ 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 ( B )1.(2016保定區(qū)升學(xué)調(diào)研)You know，this is the fifth time that I ________ your beautiful city.I really like it. A．will visit B．have visited C．a(chǎn)m visiting D．was visiting ( A )2.(2016路北區(qū)九年級一模)—Which song do you like better，Lucy? —I prefer the song Little Apple ________ can attract many people. A．which B．who C．whom D．where ( D )3.(2016路北區(qū)九年級三模)We all like the story about the boy ________ happened in our neighborhood last week. A．who B．what C．whom D．which ( C )4.The designers ________ helped us build the library are from the UK. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose ( A )5.The school and teachers ________ he loves so much often come into his dreams. A．that B．who C．which D．whom ( B )6.I will never forget the days during ________ I lived with my closest friend. A．that B．which C．who D．when ( A )7.That is the girl from ________ you borrowed the book yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．that D．who ,河北中考考點(diǎn)精練 ( D )1.(2016重慶中考)—Do you know________？ —Let me see.I remember it was on March 18th. A．why did they move here B．why they moved here C．when did they move here D．when they moved here ( B )2.(2016黑龍江中考改編)I dont know if you________to Marys party next Sunday.If you go，________． A．go；so will I B．will go；so will I C．will go；so do I D．go; so do I ( B )3.(2016臨沂中考)Sweet wormwood (青蒿)is a common plant in China.Tu Youyou is the woman________used the plants special power to save millions of lives. A．which B．who C．whose D．/ ( B )4.(2016隨州中考)The policeman has caught the thief________stole Mr.Lis wallet. A．whose B．who C．whom D．which ( B )5.(2016蘭州中考)This is one of the most interesting cities________I have ever visited. A．who B．that C．which D．where ( A )6.(2016黃石中考)Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place________well visit next week. A．that B．who C．Where D．whom ( B )7.(2016淮安中考)—Have you found the information about famous scientists______you can use for the report? —Not yet.Ill search some on the Internet. A．where B．which C．what D．who ( A )8.(2016南寧中考)I dont like the people________dont help others when they are in troble. A．who B．which C．whose D．what ( A )9.(2016長沙中考改編)—What are you doing，Tim? —I am listening to the song Long Live________makes me feel excited. A．which B．who C．/ D．whom ( C )10.(2016長春中考)Mr.Chen is a teacher________I want to learn from.He is so knowledgeable. A．which B．when C．who D．what