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專題 41 記敘類完形填空 關鍵詞：完形填空,記敘類,理解,語境,邏輯推理 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎回顧】 考點歸納： 記敘文體裁主要是記人、敘事、寫景、狀物一類的文章，具體地說，它是借助敘述、描寫、抒情等手段記敘社會生活中的人、事、景、物的情態(tài)及其發(fā)展過程，用以表現(xiàn)作者的思想，抒發(fā)作者某種情感的文章形式。近幾年的高考完形填空題中的記敘文主要以敘事、記人為主，如幽默故事、童話故事、歷史故事、人物傳記和新聞報道等。解答記敘文體的完形填空時，應著重把握以下幾點： 1、了解文章的結構形式。通常為了敘述方便，作者會按時間先后順序或空間順序等方式來安排情節(jié)和內容。其優(yōu)點是條理清楚，層次分明。讀者也較容易理解和接受。但是有時為了突出某個情節(jié)或為了增加閱讀趣味，或為了其他目的，作者可能會采用插敘，甚至倒敘的寫作手法。弄清了文章篇章信息的分布情況，有助于抓住文章的主線，理清文章的脈絡。 2、明確作者的寫作目的。就事論事肯定不是記敘的目的，而通過敘述闡明一個道理，同是作者必須考慮的。只有心中有了目的，在情節(jié)選擇和細節(jié)描寫上才會作出合理的安排。明晰了寫作目的，就能抓住文章的主題。 3、知曉文章所記敘的幾大要素。為了使讀者清楚地了解一件事的起因、經(jīng)過和結局，作者就有必要在記敘文中將事件、人物、時間、地點、原因(why)和結果等要素講清楚。這六個要素是記敘文的基本組成部分，一般不能缺少。弄清了這六個要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。 基礎必讀： 完形填空技巧之首句理解 首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。一般來說，記敘文類的文章的首句會交代4個W(when，where，who，what)，說明文類的文章的首句會解釋要說明的對象，議論文類的文章的首句會提出一個論點。首句往往是整篇文章的統(tǒng)領句，概括了整篇文章的中心和寫作意圖。而且每段的首句通常有承上啟下的作用，是文章發(fā)展過程中的重要線索。細讀首句可以判斷文章體裁，預測文章大意和主旨。讀懂首句可以幫助考生建立正確的思維導向，對理解全文起著至關重要的作用。所以在仔細閱讀了首句后，應快速閱讀全文，確定文章的體裁、主旨和結構。 2014新課標全國I卷] (節(jié)選) As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____1____at work in people of all _____2____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___3____with their new toys. But their ___4_____soon wear off and by January those_____5____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_____6____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ____7_____interest. 1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages 3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going 4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow 5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive 6.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled 7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 2.D?？疾槊~詞義辨析及語境理解。后面詳細描述了不同年齡的人的情況，因此可知本句話的意思是：其實，我們不同年齡的人，在工作時都會看出這一點。此處parties黨、聚會；B.races競賽；countries國家；ages年齡。故選D。 3.C。考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解。例如，在圣誕節(jié)的早晨，孩子們興奮地玩他們的新玩具。此處working工作；living和…一起生活；playing 玩；going去。短語 play with的意思是玩弄……。故選C。 4.B。考查形容詞詞義辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)語境可知，但是孩子們對這些玩具的興趣很快就越來越少了。此處confidence自信；interest興趣；anxiety焦慮；sorrow悲傷。故選B。 5.A考查形容詞詞義辨析及語境理解。到一月份可以發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的那些玩具就被放在了地下室里。此處same相同的；extra額外的；funny好玩的；expensive貴的。the same同一個的，說明還沒持續(xù)幾天興趣就沒了。故選A。 【技能方法】 完形填空題要求考生具備的能力之一就是“正確的閱讀理解能力”，同時，還要具備扎實的語法、詞匯和文化知識的綜合積淀，是一種全面考查考生語言運用能力的題型。做完形填空應該從以下幾個方面入手： 一、利用首句信息，撲捉文章大意。完形填空題的首句是全文的關鍵句，或者稱為主導句，它是了解文章大意的一個窗口，對理解全文有著重要的啟示作用因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，尋找文章的脈絡與線索，展開對文章發(fā)展的預測。 二、利用邏輯推理，確定語段關系。邏輯推理是通過邏輯連詞來實現(xiàn)的，邏輯連詞是構成語篇的紐帶，考生在解題時要充分利用這些邏輯連詞，深刻體會句段之間的理解關系。常用的邏輯連詞主要有：（1）詞（包括連詞、副詞和少數(shù)介詞），如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；（2）短語，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和獨立結構，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。 三、利用詞匯復現(xiàn)，尋找解題線索。語篇復現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復現(xiàn)、概括詞復現(xiàn)和代詞復現(xiàn)等。語篇中有詞匯和結構同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語篇話題相關、意義相關的詞匯同時出現(xiàn)，結構同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，利用上下文尋找解題信息，確定正確答案。 四、利用上下文意，甄別詞語差異。 高考完形填空選項的設置一般均屬于同一詞類，有的甚至在意義上也非常接近。為了順利解答此類問題，考生在平時記憶單詞時，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考試中結合語境，比較四個選項的細微差別，推敲什么是最佳答案。 五、利用語法分析，破解句子結構。對語法、詞法等基礎知識的考查也是完形填空題的命題角度之一。對于這種題，要針對地對語法結構、句式特點、對短文中所設空格中需填的詞在句子里作什么成份、哪類詞適合、應采取什么形式等等進行必要的分析思考，從而迅速解決問題。比如，選用動詞就要考慮各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂搭配以及其如何與其他詞類使用等一系列問題。 六、利用文化常識，輕松選定答案。當對語言的把握不很準確時，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，先找出并理解文章主題和主線，并根據(jù)主題猜測細節(jié)，注意從重復出現(xiàn)的詞語中尋找、體會文章表達的氛圍。這樣將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利地沿作者的思路輕松解題。 【基礎達標】 When Monty Roberts was a child, his daddy as a horse fitness instructor was moving from ranch(農(nóng)場) to ranch, training horses. 1 , the boy’s education was frequently interrupted. One day, in school his 2 told him to create and write about what he wished to be when he grew up. He didn’t 3 one minute and wrote a seven-page paper about his trying to be a manager of a horse ranch with a plan in 4 . Soon after, he 5 his paper back with an “F”. After class he came to the instructor and asked, “Why did I 6 an F?” The instructor responded, “These dreams are too 7 for a boy, who does not have any money, no information and who comes from a very 8 family. There is absolutely no 9 that you’ll achieve your great goals when you grow up.” Then the teacher told Monty to 10 the paper with an realistic attitude. The boy went home and asked his daddy what he should do. His dad 11 , “This decision is important for you, which means you have to 12 your own decision.” After several days and nights the boy 13 exactly the same paper to his teacher. No 14 were made. He said, “Keep your 15 and I am going to keep my dream.” Now Monty Roberts 16 a 4,000-square-foot house in the center of a 200-acre horse ranch and even now he has that school 17 framed(給……加框) on the fireplace. Remember don’t ever let someone tell you you can’t do 18 . Not even your teachers. You got a 19 ;you got to protect it. People can’t do something themselves so they want to tell you you can’t do it . If you want something, go to 20 it. 1.A. However B. Consequently C. Possibly D. Unluckily 2.A. teacher B. mother C. father D. monitor 3.A. make B. lose C. hesitate D. talk 4.A length B. width C. color D. depth 5.A. received B. accepted C. responded D. demanded 6. A. preserve B. reserve C. get D. require 7.A. detailed B. specific C. strange D. unrealistic 8.A. wealthy B. poor C. special D. complete 9. A. possibility B. need C. doubt D. evidence 10.A. recite B. retell C. rewrite D. review 11.A. commented B. decided C. promised D. answered] 12.A. make B. obey C. respect D. examine 13.A. read B. brought C. suggested D. approved 14.A. improvements B. studies C. remarks D. plans 15.A. rule B. regulation C. grade D. style 16.A. cleans B. witnesses C. owns D. admires 17.A. picture B. photo C. contract D. paper 18. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything 19.A. dream B. friend C. property D. thought 20.A. take B. purchase C. obtain D. control 2.A考查名詞。A. teacher老師；B. mother母親；C. father父親；D. monitor班長。根據(jù)句中的in school和told him to create and write about what he wished to be when he grew up.可知是老師布置的作業(yè)，根據(jù)常識選A.] 3.C考查動詞。A. make使，獲得；B. lose失去；C. hesitate猶豫；D. talk談論。此處指Monty Roberts毫不猶豫就寫了一份七頁的相當馬場經(jīng)理的計劃，表示他態(tài)度堅決，故選C. 4.D考查名詞。A length長度；B. width寬度；C. color顏色； D. depth深度。此處指很有深度的計劃，故選D. 5.A考查動詞。A. received收到；B. accepted接受；C. responded回答；D. demanded要求。他寫的作業(yè)被發(fā)回來，是F等。此處指收到作業(yè)，故選A.] 6.C考查動詞。A. preserve保存；B. reserve儲備；C. get獲得；D. require要求。Monty Roberts問老師為什么自己得的是F等，此處指作業(yè)得到的等級，故選C. 7.D考查形容詞。A. detailed詳細的；B. specific特殊的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unrealistic不切實際的。老師認為經(jīng)營馬場的計劃太不切實際，根據(jù)下句的who does not have any money, no information and who comes from a very 8 family.也可知老師的態(tài)度，故選D. 8.B考查形容詞。A. wealthy富有的；B. poor貧窮的；C. special特別的；D. complete完全的。根據(jù)上文介紹Monty Roberts的父親是個馴馬教練，為了生計不得不經(jīng)常換工作地點，可知提到家庭條件不是太好，根據(jù)語境選B. 9.A考查名詞。A. possibility可能性；B. need需要；C. doubt 懷疑；D. evidence證據(jù)。根據(jù)實際情況，老師認為他長大后沒有可能實現(xiàn)這么偉大的目標，表示可能性，故選A. 10.C考查動詞。A. recite 背誦；B. retell復述；C. rewrite重寫；D. review復習。老師認為他的作業(yè)不合格，讓他用現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度重寫作業(yè)，故選C. 11.D考查動詞。A. commented評論； B. decided決定；C. promised答應；D. answered回答。根據(jù)上句的asked his daddy，可知父親回答他的問題，故選D. 12.A考查動詞。A. make 使得；B. obey遵守；C. respect 尊敬；D. examine檢查。父親讓他自己做決定，make decision“做決定”是固定短語，故選A. 13.B考查動詞。A. read 讀；B. brought帶來；C. suggested建議；D. approved認可。此處指幾天后，男孩給老師帶來了完全相同的作文，bring sth. to sb.“給某人帶來某物”，故選B.] 14.A考查名詞。A. improvements提高；B. studies研究； C. remarks評論；D. plans計劃。因為男孩交的和上一篇一樣的作文，所以說沒有提高。故選A. 15.C考查名詞。A. rule 規(guī)則；B. regulation管理；C. grade等級，成績；D. style風格。男孩對老師說：“你堅持你的等級，我堅持我的夢想”。指上文的an “F”，故選C. 16.C考查動詞。A. cleans打掃；B. witnesses目睹；C. owns擁有；D. admires欽佩。現(xiàn)在Monty Roberts擁有了4000平方英尺的房子和200英畝的馬場，表示擁有，故選C. 17.D考查名詞。A. picture圖畫； B. photo照片；C. contract合同；D. paper論文。此處指他以前寫的要經(jīng)營馬場的論文，指上文反復提到的seven-page paper，故選D. ] 20.C考查動詞。A. take拿；B. purchase購買；C. obtain獲得；D. control控制。此處指如果你想要什么就努力去獲得，去實現(xiàn)夢想。故選C. 考點：考查人生哲理類短文閱讀。 【能力提升】 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C 和 D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 Lightning flashed, thunder boomed, and the rains poured down. Suddenly, a wail(尖叫) of a steam engine 1 the storm. It was moving closer and would cross Honey Creek Bridge. The old wooden frame（框架）of the bridge began to shake 2 the steam engine started across. When the train reached the halfway point, the bridge 3 . Finally, it collapsed, breaking completely apart. “The bridge collapsed!” Kate shouted to her sick mother. “I’ve to 4 the station. A train full of 5 is due here.” 6 a lantern, Kate raced out into the storm. The 7 way to get there was to 8 the Des Moines River Bridge. The bridge was little more than two steel rails stretched across narrow wooden strips, which were spaced so far apart that Kate could easily 9 between them. Getting down on her hands and 10 , Kate began her dangerous crossing. A strong wind quickly 11 out the lantern, so Kate had to feel her way in the darkness. Finally, she was 12 across the river! Kate hurried to the station and burst through the 13 . “Honey Creek Bridge is out!” she shouted to the 14 . “Stop the passenger train!” Then, extremely 15 , she fell to the floor. Rushing out onto the tracks to give a 16, the stationmaster was just in time to 17 the train. Years later, a new bridge named Kate Shelly Bridge was built across the river 18 people could always remember the 19 of the girl, Kate Shelly，who 20 her life and saved so many people. 1. A. added to B. cut through C. headed for D. led to 2.A. unless B. so C. as soon as D. in order that 3.A. rose B. connected C. bent D. moved 4.A. warn B. accuse C. phone D. leave 5.A. food B. passengers C. animals D. coal 6.A. Catching hold of B. Taking notice of C. Keeping up with D. Putting up with 7.A. worst B. widest C. shortest D. toughest 8.A. avoid B. rebuild C. repair D. cross 9.A. run B. fall C. jump D. walk 10.A. cheeks B. fingers C. wrists D. knees 11.A. took B. let C. picked D. blew 12.A. regularly B. easily C. politely D. safely 13.A. bridge B. home C. door D. train 14.A. headmaster B. conductor C. stationmaster D. repairman 15.A. tired B. surprised C. embarrassed D. disappointed 16.A. welcome B. signal C. response D. lesson 17.A. approach B. drive C. pull D. stop 18.A. in case B. as if C. so that D. even if 19.A. patience B. bravery C. guidance D. confidence 20.A. sacrificed B. spent C. risked D. lived 2. C考查上下文邏輯判斷。根據(jù)文段上下文的關系，火車一駛上橋梁，橋就開始晃動起來，故選C。As soon as “一…就......”, unless“除非”，so“因此”，in order that“為了......”,故選C。 3. C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文段，火車過橋，橋開始搖晃，火車到橋的中點時橋梁因受重而“彎曲”，橋垮塌，幾個連續(xù)的動作，遵循一定的邏輯聯(lián)系， rose上升connected 連接bent彎曲moved移動，故選C。 4. A考查詞匯辨析。根據(jù)文段，Kate 看到橋梁垮塌，她的第一反應是要趕到車站“警告或告訴”車站工作人員。warn警告 accuse控告phone 打電話 leave離開，故選A。 5. B考查上下文信息對應。根據(jù)后面文段，是一輛載滿“乘客”的火車即將通過這座橋，A.食物B.乘客C.動物D.煤。故選B。 6. A考查語境理解與詞匯辨析。Kate“抓過”一個燈籠就沖進了暴雨中。Catch hold of “抓住”，take notice of “注意到”，keep up with“追上，趕上”，put up with “忍受”，故選A。 7. C考查細節(jié)理解。因為情況緊急，Kate 必須選擇“最短或最近的”一條路，A.最壞的B.最寬的C.最短的D.最艱難的，故選C。 8. D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)下文的“bridge”，可知Kate 趕去報信需要通過一座橋（另外一座橋），A.避免B.重建C.修理D.穿過，故選D。 9. B考查細節(jié)理解。由于暴雨，一個不小心就有可能“掉下去”，A.跑B.掉下C.跳D.走，故選B。 10.D考查細節(jié)理解。Kate 是手腳并用爬過橋去的，A.臉頰B.手指C.手腕D.膝蓋，on her hands and knees“手腳并用地”，故選D。 11. D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)上文的“a strong wind”，可知是大風“吹滅”了燈籠，A.拿走B.讓C.挑選D.吹，故選D。 12. D考查詞義辨析。Kate“安全地”過了橋，才有了后續(xù)故事的開展，A.有規(guī)律地B.容易地C.禮貌地D.安全地，故選D。 13. C考查細節(jié)理解。Kate 到了車站，沖著車站的門的方向大喊示警，A.橋B.家C.門D.火車，故選C。 14. C考查細節(jié)理解。A.校長B.售票員C.站長D.修理工，此處為原詞重現(xiàn)。故選C。 15. A考查詞匯辨析。經(jīng)歷了艱難跋涉和緊張擔心，Kate 感覺極度“疲憊的”，A.疲勞的B.驚奇的C.尷尬的D.失望的，故選A。 16. B考查細節(jié)理解與詞匯辨析。出現(xiàn)了緊急情況，站長需要打出危險的“信號”，A.歡迎B.信號C.回復D.課，故選B。 17. D考查細節(jié)理解和上下文邏輯。作上述事情的目的，是希望火車能夠“停下來”，A.方法，途徑B.開車C.拉D.停下，故選D。 【終極闖關】 【2016全國新課標I】完形填空（共 20 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 30 分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C 和 D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was __1__along 165 north after delivering to one of his 2 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 3 he got closer, he found 4 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 5 shooting out from under the 6 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 7 the fire extinguisher (滅火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on 8 and told Larry he had 9 an emergency call. They 10 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毀壞的) vehicle. 11 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 12 until the emergency personnel arrived, 13 she thought the car was going to 14 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 15 she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 16 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 17 if he was needed or 18 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 19 —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 20 most likely saved the woman’s life. 1. A. walking B. touring C．traveling D．rushing 2. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 3. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If 4. A. each B. another C. that D. his 5. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 6. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned 7. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled 8. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over 9. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed 10. A. then B. again C. finally D. even 11. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching 12. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm 13. A. for B. so C. and D. but 14. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash 15. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after 16. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out 17. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver 18. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free 19. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked 20. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise 3．C　根據(jù)語境判斷當他走近的時候，他又發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一輛汽車。as意為“當……時候”。故選C。 4．B　根據(jù)前句“Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.”可知當時有一輛開著燈的汽車，由此判斷他又發(fā)現(xiàn)另一輛損毀的汽車。故選B。] 5．A　flame火苗；smoke煙；water水；steam蒸汽。根據(jù)第一段末句“…the fire was put out.”可知當時汽車是著火了。故選A。 6．B　根據(jù)第二段中的a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毀壞的) vehicle可知，汽車被毀壞了。used使用過的；disabled 報廢的；removed被移除的；abandoned被遺棄的。故選B。 7．A　get hold of拿起；prepare準備；take charge of負責；control控制。根據(jù)后句可知他下車拿起滅火器滅火。故選A。 8．D　come down下來；come through 經(jīng)歷；come in進來；come over 走過來。那個司機走了過來和Larry說話。故選D。 9．C　return 歸還；receive a call 接到電話；make a call 打電話；confirm確認。根據(jù)下文可知這個司機打了報警電話。 故選C。 10．A　then那時；again再次；finally終于；even甚至。根據(jù)語境判斷，那時他們聽到在車內有人發(fā)出聲音。故選A。 11．D　start開始；park停車；pass通過；approach走近。根據(jù)上文可知汽車著火了，情況很危險，由此推斷Larry他們離汽車很遠，故他們走近了才看到車內的那位女士。 12．B　quiet 安靜的；still不動的；away遠離的；calm沉著的。根據(jù)本段末句“…she should not move…”可知，Larry讓這名女士不要動。故選 B。 13．D　根據(jù)后句可以推斷這位受困的女士想從汽車里出來，而Larry不讓她動，怕她傷到脖子，這兩句話之間是轉折關系。故選D。 14．A　根據(jù)后句內容判斷這位女士害怕汽車會爆炸。explode爆炸；slip away溜走；fall apart 散架，崩潰；crash墜毀，摔碎。故選A 。 15．C　根據(jù)上下文可知Larry害怕她的脖子會受傷，前后句之間是假設關系。in case以免。故選C。 16．B　step forward走上前去；back off后退；move on繼續(xù)；set out出發(fā)。根據(jù)后句內容可以推斷他們?yōu)榱瞬环恋K警察救人，都退到后面。故選B。 17．B　woman婦女；police警察；man男人；driver司機。根據(jù)上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived…”可知是救援的警察趕到了現(xiàn)場。Larry問警察是否需要他幫忙，他是否可以走了。故選B。