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專題四　閱讀理解之觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題 [限時(shí)15分鐘] A (2015陜西)The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物種)that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result, many species are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威脅)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition, new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world’s groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(種植園)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate, and studies show that loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. [語篇解讀]　文章介紹陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)給環(huán)境和生態(tài)帶來的種種危害，呼吁人們不要購買這種咖啡，而要買對環(huán)境有利的產(chǎn)品。 1．What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4? A．It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B．It leads to air pollution and global warming. C．It slows down the loss of shade trees. D．It improves local soil conditions. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的句子，可知陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)會帶來空氣污染和全球氣溫變暖，故選B。 答案　B 2．The purpose of the text is to________. A．entertain　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)dvertise C．instruct D．persuade 解析　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子，可知作者的意圖是勸說人們購買陰涼處種植的咖啡，這樣對環(huán)境是有好處的，故選D。 答案　D 3．Where does this text probably come from? A．An agricultural magazine. B．A medical journal. C．An engineering textbook. D．A tourist guide. 解析　推理判斷題。文章介紹陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)會帶來的破壞，應(yīng)該是出自一本農(nóng)業(yè)雜志，故選A。 答案　A 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 解析　文章第一段介紹陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)的話題，二、三、四段介紹了陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)帶來的破壞，第五段說服人們?nèi)ベ徺I對環(huán)境有利的陰涼處種植的咖啡，所以是總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。 答案　A B (2015湖北)Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(誘惑)to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brooks, author of The Social Animal：The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.The book focuses on big questions：What has science revealed about human nature？What are the sources of character？And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t? To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(學(xué)科)．Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常規(guī)的), and perhaps unfortunate way.Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction.Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters. On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie eslewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇議論文。文章先列舉出科學(xué)的許多功能，接著指出科學(xué)有巨大的誘惑力，以致許多作家抵擋不住這種誘惑，在文學(xué)作品中運(yùn)用到科學(xué)。并以Brooks的新書The Social Animal為例，批判地分析這本書的優(yōu)勢和不足。 5．The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to________. A．illustrate where science can be applied B．demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book C．remind the reader of the importance of science D．explain why many writers use science in their works 解析　寫作意圖題。首段第一、二句首先列舉出科學(xué)的許多功能，接著指出科學(xué)有巨大的誘惑力，以致許多作家抵擋不住這種誘惑，在文學(xué)作品中運(yùn)用到科學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案　D 6．According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book? A．Its strong basis. B．Its convincing points. C．Its clear writing. D．Its memorable characters. 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“..., his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed, ...”可知作者認(rèn)為寫作思路清晰是這本書的一大優(yōu)勢。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案　C 7．What is the author’s general attitude towards the book? A．Contradictory. B．Supportive. C．Cautious. D．Critical. 解析　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段中的鏈接詞“while”之前是這本書的優(yōu)勢，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者對這部書持批判的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案　D 8．What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? A．Problems with the book. B．Brooks’s life experience. C．Death of the characters. D．Brooks’s translation skills. 解析　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章最后一段中鏈接詞“while”后面部分開始談?wù)撨@本書存在的問題。因此緊接著作者應(yīng)該還是在寫這本書的不足。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案　A