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1、2020/7/29,1,Advanced English Book II,Unit 14 Loving and Hating New York,2020/7/29,2,Book 2 Unit 14 Loving and Hating New York,I. Pre-reading Questions II. Background Information III. Structure of the Text IV. Questions for Students to Answer V. Follow-up Questions,2020/7/29,3,I.Pre-reading Questions

2、 1.What do you know about New York City What have we learned about N. Y. C. till now, i.e. in this course, intensive reading and listening? What do you know concerning its history, its geographical position, its importance as a financial and cultural center, its people and its problems etc.)? 2.What

3、 impression did you have about New York by what youve heard, read or seen? 3.Do you want to live in New York if you could have a chance? Why? 4.What s your opinion towards living and working in big cities?,2020/7/29,4,II. Background Information 1.About the Author 2.About New York 3. Broadway 4.Off-B

4、roadway 5. Big Apple 6. Ivy League 7.Wall Street,2020/7/29,5,1.Thomas Griffith (19152002) Born on Dec 3, he was an American writer, editor. Since 1974 he has been press columnist, Time magazine staff contributor投稿人, Fortune magazine columnist, Atlantic Monthly .He was an uprooted westerner who calle

5、d New York home. He had worked for Time Inc. for 30 years and was known in the organization as the “house liberal;”. He wrote “The Waist-High Culture,” 1959; How True?-A Sceptics Guide to Believing the News.托馬斯格里菲斯(1915一 )，美國(guó)作家和編輯。1974年以來，一直是美國(guó)時(shí)代雜志的專欄作家，財(cái)富雜志編委，大西洋月刊的專欄作家。其作品有齊腰高的文化、怎么會(huì)是真的等。,2020/7/2

6、9,6,Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden布里頓哈登與他的耶魯同學(xué)and Henry Luce亨利盧斯, making it the first weekly news magazine in the United States. The two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News and considered calling the magazine Facts. 1

7、923年3月, (Briton Hadden) 出版了第一期時(shí)代（又譯時(shí)代周刊、時(shí)代雜志；英語：TIME）美國(guó)出版的時(shí)事周刊，被譽(yù)為當(dāng)代最具代表性與影響力的刊物。 時(shí)代的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)為大寫的“TIME”。在一些廣告中，時(shí)代將“TIME”定義為“報(bào)道國(guó)際重要事件的雜志”（The International Magazine of Events.）作為它的刊物定位. 他們?cè)谌婵疾炝?0世紀(jì)20年代的形勢(shì)后，在發(fā)起書中宣告時(shí)代雜志每年年底都會(huì)選出該年度的時(shí)代年度風(fēng)云人物，是該年最有影響力的人、事或物.,2020/7/29,7,Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME)

8、 is an American news magazine. A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known as Time Atlantic) is published from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. As of 2009, Time no longer publishes a Canadian ad

9、vertiser edition. The South Pacific edition, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Time is the worlds largest weekly news magazine, and has a domestic audience of 20 million and a global audience of 25 million.歐洲版（Time Europe，原名為Time Atlantic）1923年3月3日創(chuàng)刊于倫敦，涵蓋中

10、東、非洲和拉丁美洲（2003年起）的事件。亞洲版于香港岀版。時(shí)代在加拿大同步發(fā)行，但廣告不同。總部位于多倫多。南太平洋版的時(shí)代覆蓋了澳大利亞、新西蘭和太平洋群島，總部在悉尼。,2020/7/29,8,紐約時(shí)報(bào)（The New York Times）有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱為“時(shí)報(bào)”（The Times）。是一份在美國(guó)紐約出版的日?qǐng)?bào)，在全世界發(fā)行，有相當(dāng)?shù)挠绊懥?，美?guó)高級(jí)報(bào)紙/嚴(yán)肅刊物的代表，長(zhǎng)期以來擁有良好的公信力和權(quán)威性。由于風(fēng)格古典嚴(yán)肅，它有時(shí)也被戲稱為“灰色女士”（The Gray Lady）。它最初的名字是紐約每日時(shí)報(bào)（The New-York Daily Times），創(chuàng)始人是亨利賈維斯雷蒙德和喬治

11、瓊斯,2020/7/29,9,2. New York,New York City is the largest city in the U.S. and one of the largest in the world; one of the worlds most important centers of business, culture, and trade; the home of the U.N. , hence the most influential city throughout the U.S. and around the world .,2020/7/29,10,2020/

12、7/29,11,EmpireStateBuilding,2020/7/29,12,2020/7/29,13,Manhattan Skyline, with Statue of Liberty,New York Federal Reserve Bank,Empire State Building,WorldTradeCenterinNew York City, twin towers,WorldTradeCenterinNew York City, twin towers在2001年9月11日以后，這兩座大廈再也不見了,2020/7/29,14,世界貿(mào)易中心（World Trade Center

13、，1973年2001年9月11日）在紐約曼哈頓島西南端，為美國(guó)紐約的地標(biāo)之一，西臨哈德遜河。2001年9月11日發(fā)生的911事件中倒塌。由兩座并立的塔式摩天樓、4幢7層辦公樓和1幢22層的旅館組成，建于19621976年。業(yè)主是紐約州和新澤西州的港務(wù)局。設(shè)計(jì)人是美籍日裔建筑師M雅馬薩基（Minoru Yamasaki，日本名為山崎實(shí)）。世界貿(mào)易中心曾為世界上最高的雙塔，紐約市的標(biāo)志性建筑，也曾是世界上最高的建筑物之一。,2020/7/29,15,2020/7/29,16,New York official name City of New York, called New York City

14、to be distinguished from New York state, in which it is located is the most populous city in the United States, and the second most populous in North America, after Mexico City. Affectionately known as The Big Apple, New York is by many measures one of the most important cities in the world. It is p

15、robably the worlds most important financial center, and one of the most important cultural centers of the Western world. Most of the publishing houses that select and produce the nations books have their headquarters in N.Y. Broadway area is the center of professional theater in the U.S. It is also

16、the home of some of the nations largest museums and art galleries. The city displays beautiful Gothic churches and other interesting styles of architecture. The UN headquarters is in New York, giving some credence to the citys self-designation as capital of the world. New York City is among the most

17、 densely populated places in the United States. Its population is more than eight million (2000 U.S. Census), and its land area is 831 square kilometers (320 square miles); the density is 10,000/km (2931in Shanghai, 130,000in Mong Kok旺角, Hong Kong).,2020/7/29,17,A) History and Geographical Position

18、Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians in 1626. The Dutch set up the settlement of New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan. In 1664, English ships captured the city without struggle, and it was renamed New York, after the

19、Duke of York. At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1667, in the Treaty of Breda布雷條約the Dutch formally signed New York over to the English and received the colony of Suriname蘇里南in return. At the start of the American Revolutionary War, the city was the scene of important early fighting at the

20、Battle of Brooklyn, suffered a great fire in which much of it burned, and fell into British control for the remainder of the war, not to be regained by the Americans until 1783. During the 19th Century, the city population boomed by an influx of a vast number of immigrants. In 1811, the city street

21、grid was expanded to encompass all of Manhattan with a visionary development proposal called the Commissioners Plan. By 1835, New York City overtook Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.,2020/7/29,18,After the war, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply, and New York becam

22、e the first stop for millions seeking a new and better life in the United States. In the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. Interborough Rapid Transit (the first subway company) began operating in 1904. The New York skyline soare

23、d in the 1930s with the building of some of the worlds tallest skyscrapers. In the decades after World War II, however, the city slid into gradual decline with the loss of population to the suburbs and the erosion of its industrial base. Like many US cities, New York suffered severe race riots in th

24、e 1960s, and by the 1970s, the city had gained a reputation for being a crime-ridden relic of history. In 1975, the city hit bottom and had to declare bankruptcy.,2020/7/29,19,The 1980s saw a rebirth of Wall Street, and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the world-wide financial industry.

25、In the 1990s, crime rates dropped drastically and the outflow of population turned around, as the city once again became the destination not only of immigrants from around the world, but of many U.S. citizens seeking to live a cosmopolitan lifestyle that only New York City can offer. In the late 199

26、0, the dot com boom fueled a frenzy of financial speculation that sent the economy soaring. Out of all of the affected cities, New York suffered the most during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Center. In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, the city has rebounded an

27、d pushed forward new plans for the destroyed areas of the World Trade Center. One building being built on the World Trade Center site is the Freedom Tower which was the worlds highest skyscraper when completed in 2008.哈利法塔（Burj Khalifa Tower）（原名迪拜塔,162層，總高828米,2010年1月4日竣工，為當(dāng)前世界第一高樓與人工構(gòu)造物),2020/7/29,

28、20,Freedom Tower-the centerpiece building of the new World Trade Center世界最高建筑世界貿(mào)易中心一號(hào)大樓（1 World Trade Center），原稱為自由塔（Freedom Tower），是興建中的美國(guó)紐約新世界貿(mào)易中心的摩天大樓，將坐落于九一一襲擊事件中倒塌的原世界貿(mào)易中心的舊址。高度541.3米，1776英尺，為獨(dú)立宣言發(fā)布年份。地上82層（不含天線），地下4層。占地面積241540平方米。設(shè)計(jì)師為波蘭籍設(shè)計(jì)家利貝斯金德,.,Artists conception of the proposed Freedom To

29、wer amidst the New York skyline at night.,F. T. as it may be seen during the day from the Hudson River.,New York City Geographical Information,New York City is located on the Eastern Atlantic coast of the United States, at the mouth of the Hudson River. The city center resides at the exact location

30、of 40 degrees, 42 minutes, 51 seconds N latitude, and 74 degrees, 0 minutes 23 seconds W longitude.,2020/7/29,22,The Five Boroughs The City of New York is composed of five boroughs, each a county of New York State:,Manhattan New York County, population 1,546,856 The Bronx Bronx County, population 1,

31、354,068 Brooklyn Kings County, population 2,488,194 Queens Queens County, population 2,237,815 Staten Island Richmond County, population 457,383,2020/7/29,23,Manhattan: also called New York County紐約郡, is the smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. It is the glittering heart of the metropolis

32、. It is the site of virtually all of the hundreds of skyscrapers that are the symbol of the city. Among the more famous of these are the Empire State Building (1931), the Chrysler Building克萊斯勒大廈(1930), and Citicorp Center花旗銀行中心 (1977). (The 110-story twin towers of the World Trade Center were also a

33、mong New Yorks famous skyscrapers until they were destroyed in a terrorist attack in 2001.) Manhattan is also the oldest, densest, and most built-up part of the entire urbanized region. It is the center of New Yorks cultural life. Numerous stage and motion picture theaters are located around Broadwa

34、y in Midtown, which includes Times Square. The borough is the home of prominent music and dance organizations, such as the New York City Opera Company, the Metropolitan Opera Association, the Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, American Ballet Theatre, and the New York City Ballet.,2020/7/29,

35、24,Manhattan Skyline and Central Park,2020/7/29,25,The Metropolitan Museum of Art, founded in 1870 and located in Central Park, contains nearly 3 million objects in every known artistic medium, representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present. It is the third lar

36、gest art museum in the world.,2020/7/29,26,Founded in 1895, the New York Public Library is the largest public library system in the United States.,2020/7/29,27,Outside Madison Square Garden in New York City, thousands of people looking for jobs lined up for a job fair in November 2001.,2020/7/29,28,

37、B) Problems of New York City Along with all N.Y.s greatness, it has many serious problems. 1)Thousands of immigrants have not found the opportunities they had hoped for in N.Y. 2) More than a million New Yorkers received welfare aid, and thousands live in slums.Other problems include 3) air pollutio

38、n, 4)traffic jams, 5)crime, 6)drug abuse,7) racial conflicts, and 8) the ever-increasing cost of living in the city. All these problems are driving many families -especially white middle-class families- to the suburbs. In spite of its problems, New York City remains one of the most interesting and e

39、xciting cities in the U.S. In fact, many people consider it the most fascinating city in the world.,2020/7/29,29,C) New York People The people of N.Y.C. represent nearly all nationalities. During the 1650s , only about 1,000 people lived in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.But e

40、ven then, 18 languages were spoken in the colony. Since that time, people from throughout the world have brought their skills, traditions, and ways of life to New York City. People move to N.Y.C. for many reasons. 1)Many are attracted by the citys job opportunities. 2)Other people come to attend the

41、 citys schools and colleges or to enjoy its many cultural activities. 3)Still others come simply because they want to be a part of a large, exciting city. There are five ethnic groups- black, Irish, Italian, Jewish, and Puerto Rican making up about 80 percent of N.Y.C.s people.,2020/7/29,30,D) Place

42、s to Visit: Empire State Building,It is on fifth Avenue between 33rd Street and 34th street , 448.7meters high, a 102-story New York City landmark.,2020/7/29,31,One of the largest stock exchanges in the world. The NYSE is operated by the not-for-profit corporation New York Stock Exchange, Inc, with

43、its main building located at 18 Broad Street, at the corner of Wall Street, in New York City, New York, U.S. NYSE is home to some 2,800 companies valued at nearly $15 trillion(萬億) in global market capitalization.,New York Stock Exchange,2020/7/29,32,Museum of Modern Art,On W.53rd Street between Fift

44、h avenue of Americas displays modern paintings, sculptures, films, photographs, and other works of art.,2020/7/29,33,Rockefeller Center 洛克菲勒 中心,Rockefeller Center on Fifth Avenue between 48th and 51st streets includes the sunken Plaza used for outdoor dining in summer and ice skating in winter.,2020

45、/7/29,34,Saint Patricks Cathedral 圣.帕特里克大教堂,Located at Fifth Avenue and 50th Street, across from Rockefeller Center. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic, Archdiocese大主教管區(qū) of New York. It is one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture in the U.S.,2020/7/29,35,Located on Liberty Island in New Y

46、ork Harbor, the Statue of Liberty was a gift of international friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States and is one of the most universal symbols of political freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886 and was designated a National Mon

47、ument on October 15, 1924. The Statue was extensively restored in time for her spectacular centennial百年紀(jì)念 on July 4, 1986. Liberty Island is federal property located within the territorial jurisdiction(right) of the State of New York.,The Statue of Liberty,2020/7/29,36,Radio City Music Hall - the wo

48、rlds largest indoor theater,the hall ,home of the famous dancing Rockettes, has a seating capacity of 5,900.無線電城音樂廳（位于美國(guó)紐約曼哈頓區(qū)的世界最大的劇場(chǎng)之一）,2020/7/29,37,2020/7/29,38,3. Big Apple- the nickname for New York City,The first recorded usage was by Edward S. Martin in his 1909 book The Wayfarer in New York,

49、 who wrote (regarding New York) that the rest of the United States inclines to think the big apple gets a disproportionate share of the national sap.” Used in the title of a column in the New York Morning Telegraph紐約早晨電報(bào),Around the Big Apple with John J. Fitz Gerald, which first appeared in 1924. Th

50、e term lost popularity in the 1950s, but was brought back into wide use after a 1970s promotional campaign by the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau.,2020/7/29,39,Why is New York nicknamed Big Apple? It has got some nicknames such as : Mahatta by Indians ; New Amsterdam by the Dutch; Metropolis

51、 in a comic book (Superman); The City that Never Sleeps which is still used today . But for complicated reasons in the 1970s New York City went through many fiscal(financial) troubles. The city became the butt(laughing stock) of many jokes, and there was a big drop in tourists coming to New York Cit

52、y: many people, in fact, left New York City. This led to a campaign to give New York City a new image. So Charles Gillate, who worked for the New York City Visitors Bureau, used the nickname Big Apple to draw tourists to New York City. This idea came from the 20s and 30s when musicians had an expres

53、sion for playing in small town gigs(short term performances). It was that there are many apples on the success tree, but when you pick New York City you picked the Big Apple. This nickname, the Big Apple, helped turn New York City around. People wanted to see what was with this Big Apple and returne

54、d to New York City.,2020/7/29,40,1.紐約州雖產(chǎn)蘋果，但產(chǎn)量很少，遠(yuǎn)不及加州蘋果世界馳名。有一年加州蘋果欠收，外銷告急，于是紐約的蘋果小兵立大功，解救了加州外銷蘋果的窘境。紐約人引以為傲，從此稱紐約為Big Apple。 2.傳言經(jīng)濟(jì)大衰退時(shí)，許多銀行家失業(yè)潦倒，必須從其市郊住家載著一袋袋蘋果到到紐約大街上賣。包括一些名門望族都被迫以此維持生計(jì)。因?yàn)榧~約州常見到蘋果樹，對(duì)紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)扮演相當(dāng)重要角色，進(jìn)而市政府大力推行這個(gè)名詞代表紐約。 3.19201930年，爵士樂大行其道，有個(gè)爵士樂手大唱：成功樹上蘋果何其多，但如果你挑中紐約市，你就挑到了最大的蘋果！(Ther

55、e are many apples on the success tree, but when you pick New York City, you pick the Big Apple.)之后有人又證實(shí)因市區(qū)內(nèi)有一極受歡迎的爵士俱樂部就叫The Big Apple！所以稱為大蘋果。 4.大約在50多年前，美國(guó)(American)一群爵士樂師們經(jīng)常到各地去巡回演出(rendering)賺錢(to make money)。樂師們把所有要去的城鎮(zhèn)(town)，都描述(describe)成樹上的蘋果(the apple on the tree)。他們?nèi)パ莩鲑嶅X，就像去摘蘋果(pick apples

56、)。紐約在當(dāng)時(shí)是諸城鎮(zhèn)中演出賺錢最多(most)的城市。各城鎮(zhèn)都叫Apple, 自然紐約便是the Big Apple了。,2020/7/29,41,4. Broadway:,Broadway 1909,2020/7/29,42,Pictures of NYC Broadway Theatres,2020/7/29,43,Broadway is one of the main north-south thoroughfares in Manhattan, the central borough of New York, New York. It is the only street that

57、runs from almost the southern tip of the island, where it starts from Bowling Green, to the northern tip. There are continuations of Broadway, following the old Albany Post Road, in Hudson River towns of Westchester County, north of The Bronx. Diagonally 斜對(duì)crossing the Commissioners Plan of 1811 of

58、Manhattan streets, it has been marked by squares (some merely triangular slivers of open space) and induced some interesting architecture, such as the famous Flatiron Building. The section of lower Broadway from its origin at Bowling Green to City Hall Park is the historical location for the citys t

59、icker-tape parades, and is sometimes called the Canyon of Heroes in reference to such events.,2020/7/29,44,One famous stretch near Times Square, through which Broadway passes, is the home of many theaters, housing an ever-changing array (lines) of commercial, large-scale plays, particularly musicals

60、. This part of Broadway, also known as The Great White Way 白色大道 , draws millions of tourists from around the world. Starring in a successful Broadway musical is considered by most singers and actors as the ultimate success in their chosen profession, and many songs, stories, and musicals have themse

61、lves been based around the idea of such success. The annual Tony Awards托尼獎(jiǎng)recognize some of the most successful new shows and revivals each year. Some theatergoers prefer the more experimental, challenging, and intimate performances possible in smaller theaters. Broadway theatres need not be located

62、 on or near Broadway, and off-Broadway theaters can be on Broadway: theatres are designated as Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off-Broadway on the basis of the number of seats they contain, with Broadway theatres having more than 300 seats. Some theaters (by adding or subtracting a few seats) can co

63、nvert from Broadway to Off-Broadway designation.,2020/7/29,45,5. Off-Broadway外百老匯戲劇 Off-Broadway theater refers to stage plays or musical theater performed in New York City, in venues of a smaller size than Broadway theaters. Generally Off-Broadway shows are less expensive, less publicized, less wel

64、l-known and feature less-famous performers. The smaller scale also often allows more experimental, challenging work to be presented. The classification of theaters is governed by language in Actors Equity演員協(xié)會(huì) contracts, rather than by whether the theater has a Broadway address. It is not unknown for

65、 successful Off-Broadway shows to later have a Broadway run - for instance, the musicals Rent and Hair were both initially shown Off-Broadway.,2020/7/29,46,外百老匯泛指在百老匯以外紐約其他地區(qū)上演的戲劇。 百老匯是橫貫美國(guó)紐約市的一條大街，沿街大劇院林立，有美國(guó)戲劇中心之稱。百老匯商業(yè)性劇院為了追求利潤(rùn)，往往上演音樂劇、喜劇和其他轟動(dòng)的劇目。新作家的作品和小劇團(tuán)無法在這里演出。為了突破百老匯對(duì)戲劇演出的壟斷，一些不知名的戲劇工作者于40年代

66、開始在紐約格林威治村等房租低廉的地區(qū)，利用舊廳堂、地下室等地，以低成本上演為百老匯不屑演出的新劇目。由于這些小劇院地處百老匯之外，劇目又與百老匯大不相同，故稱外百老匯。自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，外百老匯演出了一些引人注目的劇目，培養(yǎng)了一批劇壇新秀，影響和規(guī)模日漸擴(kuò)大。在地理上，它已超出原來的發(fā)源地，遍布紐約各地。在劇目上，它既演出莎士比亞、契訶夫、易卜生等作家的經(jīng)典劇目，同時(shí)也演出現(xiàn)代的嚴(yán)肅戲劇、音樂劇、喜劇，甚至有雜藝與諷刺歌舞表演。從演出目的來看，它既有新劇作家、新演員為了表現(xiàn)才能而舉行的“展覽性”演出，也有著名劇作家因某些作品無法在百老匯上演而在這里與觀眾見面；既有某些戲劇家為了信念和愛好演出特殊風(fēng)格和流派的劇目，也有演出商為了利潤(rùn)進(jìn)行的商業(yè)性演出。外百老匯在60年代鼎盛時(shí)期，演出的劇目每年有80多部，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過百老匯。最初在外百老匯上演、后來成為名劇的有杰克蓋爾伯的接頭、阿爾比動(dòng)物園的故事等。60年代以后，外百老匯已逐步走上了百老匯的道路，商業(yè)性日增，而藝術(shù)性日弱；演出費(fèi)用日漸浩大，劇目則日趨減少。許多新作家和小劇團(tuán)又開始