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Module 6 Why Do We Need Dictionaries (滿分：120分；時間：100分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) A (2016石家莊市高三年級調(diào)研檢測)During the two and a half years since I settled down in Germany，Ive caught a cold several times and gotten to experience how different German cold remedies (療法) are from the Chinese ones. Back in Taiwan，whenever I had a streaming nose and a dry throat，Id rush to the hospital to get prescribed medicine.For a fever，I would receive a red pill，which I now know is a type of antibiotic(抗生素)． Another thing I know now is that the criminal behind my cold is a virus.The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms.When I went to a German hospital intending to get some medicine to treat my cold，I got nothing more than a pat on my shoulder and words from the doctor，saying that I should get some really good rest.The first time this happened，I was shocked.I wondered how I could put up with my sickness without the help of medicine.But the longer I stayed in Germany，the better I knew how to selfmedicate as other Germans do. I learned to take vitamin C to build up my resistance.But what I like the most is drinking “Erkltungstee”．For German people，Erkltungstee is what their grandmother gives them when they catch a cold.Its a tea bag mainly made of lime flower and orange rind.Another popular cold remedy in Germany is chicken soup.During my first winter in Germany，I got a really bad cold.My neighbor brought me a bowl of chicken soup to make me feel better.It contained a lot of ginger，onion，garlic，carrots and celery.Germans believe these ingredients are perfect for helping your body recover. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者在德國如何應(yīng)對感冒的故事。 1．How did the author feel after seeing the German doctor? A．Relieved. B．Surprised. C．Satisfied. D．Stressed. 【解析】　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“The first time this happened，I was shocked”可知，作者第一次在德國看醫(yī)生時，醫(yī)生的應(yīng)對方式讓他很震驚。 【答案】　B 2．According to the author，what effect do antibiotics have on his cold? A．They cure his cold. B．They prevent the disease. C．They kill the virus in him. D．They make him feel better. 【解析】　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms”可推知，作者之前生病時所吃的抗生素只是緩解了感冒的癥狀，讓自己感覺好一些而已。 【答案】　D 3．What do Germans think of “Erkltungstee”？ A．It can replace any cold remedy. B．It can build up ones resistance. C．Its a good way to selfmedicate. D．Its better than chicken soup. 【解析】　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“But the longer I stayed in Germany，the better I knew how to selfmedicate as other Germans do”并結(jié)合最后一段所列舉的Erkltungstee的例子可知，它是一種自我療法。 【答案】　C 4．What can we infer from the text? A．Germans tend not to use antibiotics to treat cold. B．The author often catches a cold in Taiwan. C．The author seldom drinks chicken soup. D．German doctors are cold to patients. 【解析】　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段和最后一段的整體內(nèi)容可知，德國人感冒后醫(yī)生是不給開藥的，而且德國人有自我療法。由此可推知，德國人不會感冒了就去吃抗生素。 【答案】　A B (2016山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第三次診斷考試) Kenji Croman has broken his bones，his shoulder and elbow, and nearly drowned several times.Hes also had three close encounters with sharks over the years.A 10foot wave landed directly on top of him five years ago, bending his body to the point that he actually kicked himself in the head.“I literally heard every bone in my body crack.” he said. Croman has been photographing ocean waves since 2008, sometimes risking his life to get that perfect shot at the surf break.Despite the risks and certain injuries that come with wave photography, the Hawaii resident, body surfer and former competitive swimmer，wouldnt do anything else.The 36yearold photographer loves the thrill of meeting breaking waves head on, shooting waves as his interest and shooting surfers to pay the bills. The process of photographing waves requires more than just swimming out to where the surf breaks and waiting, he says.The night before a photo shoot Croman checks Surfline.com，a website and the coastal camera network that provides live and predicted ocean weather information, to see what the winds, waves and tide will be like at certain times.Croman has both a primary camera and a backup for emergencies.He goes without a wetsuit and uses heavy duty underwater housing to protect his camera.There is no great way for him to protect himself.He admits there are probably protective clothes he should be wearing, but there is little he could have done to decrease the impact of the 10foot wave that crashed on top of him. The hardest part of Cromans job is staying calm in the face of breaking waves when his initial reaction is to panic and swim away.At most, Croman will take two to three shots of a single wave.“Ive shot waves for so many years now that I see the wave in slow movement，” he said. 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇寫人的記敘文。曾是游泳隊(duì)員，身體沖浪的夏威夷居民Kenji Croman現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)是海浪攝影師。這是一份需要莫大勇氣卻又充滿冒險(xiǎn)和刺激的工作。巨浪的拍打使他的身體多個部位骨折，還多次險(xiǎn)遭鯊魚的襲擊，然而Kenji Croman卻樂此不疲。 5．What do we know about Kenji Cromans job from the first paragraph? A．It is a game of death. B．It is full of mysteries. C．It requires patience. D．It calls for courage. 【解析】　推理判斷題。由第一段的描述可知，在Kenji Croman的攝影生涯中，他多次面臨生命危險(xiǎn)，身體遭受極大痛苦，但他沒有因此而放棄自己的工作。由此可見這是一份要求從業(yè)者具備莫大的勇氣的工作。 【答案】　D 6．How does Kenji Croman make a living? A．By taking swimming races. B．By teaching photography. C．By shooting surfers. D．By surfing waves. 【解析】　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由“...shooting waves as his interest and shooting surfers to pay the bills.”可知答案為C。 【答案】　C 7．Why does Kenji Croman check the websites like Surfline.com? A．To get better prepared for shooting. B．To predict something about weather. C．To learn more about surfing waves. D．To buy better equipment for safety. 【解析】　推理判斷題。根據(jù)“...that provides live and predicted ocean weather information, to see what the winds, waves and tide will be like....”可知，Kenji Croman每次出海前都要了解一下海上天氣狀況，其目的是為順利攝影做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，以應(yīng)對突發(fā)情況。故正確答案為A。 【答案】　A 8．What would be the best title of the text? A．Taking adventures around the ocean B．Risking his life for the perfect wave C．Making preparations for life risks D．Appreciating breaking waves in danger 【解析】　標(biāo)題歸納題。這篇短文的主題就是贊揚(yáng)Kenji Croman為拍攝好的作品而不惜冒險(xiǎn)的行為，因此最佳答案為B。 【答案】　B C (2016山東省濟(jì)寧市第一中學(xué)高三二模)Noah Webster, born on October 16, 1758, is known for The American Dictionary of the English Language.He has been called the“Father of American Scholarship and Education.”His“BlueBacked Speller”books were used to teach spelling and reading to five generations of American children.But how much do you know about him beyond that? At the age of 16, Noah Webster began attending Yale College.Unfortunately, he spent his four years at Yale during the American Revolutionary War, and, because of food shortages, many of his college classes were held in Glastonbury, Connecticut. Later, he served in the army.Having graduated from Yale in 1778, Webster wanted to continue his education in order to earn his law degree.He had to teach school in order to pay for his education.He set up many small schools that didnt survive, but he was a good teacher because instead of forcing his students to learn, like what most teachers did, he rewarded them. He earned his law degree in 1781, but did not practice law until 1789.Once he started he found the law was not to his liking.Webster did not have much money. In 1793, Alexander Hamilton lent him $1,500 to move to New York City to edit a newspaper.In December, he founded New Yorks first daily newspaper，American Minerva，and edited it for four years.For decades, he published textbooks, political essays, a report on some diseases, and newspaper articles for his party.He wrote so much that a modern list of his published works required 655 pages. Noah Webster died on May 28, 1843 and was buried in the Grove Street Cemetery. 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇寫人記敘文。介紹了美國著名詞典編纂者被譽(yù)為“美國學(xué)術(shù)和教育之父”厄諾韋伯斯特的一些鮮為人知的人生經(jīng)歷。 9．Which of the following best describes Websters life at Yale? A．Tough. B．Smooth. C．Normal. D．Tiring. 【解析】　推理判斷題。第二段中講到，厄諾韋伯斯特在耶魯大學(xué)四年趕上美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭，食物缺乏。由此可知，他當(dāng)時的耶魯?shù)纳钍欠浅ＦD難的。故答案為A。 【答案】　A 10. What did Noah want to be after graduation from Yale? A．A teacher. B．A lawyer. C．A headmaster. D．A scholar. 【解析】　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Having graduated from Yale in 1778, Webster wanted to continue his education in order to earn his law degree.”得知韋伯斯特從耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，為了獲得律師學(xué)位想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。因此答案為B。 【答案】　B 11．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Webster was a most productive author. B．Webster led a miserable life in New York City. C．Websters books added up to 655 pages. D．Webster didnt write any political works. 【解析】　推理判斷題。由第四段“For decades, he published textbooks, political essays, a report on some diseases, and newspaper articles for his party.He wrote so much that a modern list of his published works required 655 pages.”可知韋伯斯特出版過課本、政治論文、關(guān)于疾病的報(bào)道、報(bào)紙上刊登文章。這都表明韋伯斯特是一位多產(chǎn)的作者。故選A。 【答案】　A D (2016北京高考) Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media，have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually (在思維方面) and personally.While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a college community (群體) differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults：the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (規(guī)定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and selfregulation，of the necessary tension between safety and selfdiscovery. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。大學(xué)生走出了家門，還沒有進(jìn)入社會，因此他們的大學(xué)時期應(yīng)該是從受家庭庇護(hù)到擁有自主性和承擔(dān)起成年人的職責(zé)的一個過渡時期。但是隨著手機(jī)等社交傳媒的應(yīng)用，大學(xué)生依舊受到家庭的管制和庇護(hù)。作者針對這一問題發(fā)表了自己的看法，探討了校方應(yīng)該如何處理。 12．Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. 【解析】　推理判斷題。第一段中作者提到大學(xué)期間應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生培養(yǎng)自主性，讓他們向成年人的身份轉(zhuǎn)變，但是如今的大學(xué)生沒有肩負(fù)起成年人的職責(zé)；第二段中作者分析了原因，指出這是因?yàn)榧议L在孩子讀大學(xué)之后還通過手機(jī)、郵件等方式幫助上大學(xué)的子女，結(jié)果，大學(xué)就成了與家庭一樣的環(huán)境。由此可推知，作者對于這種現(xiàn)象是不贊成的，故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】　B 13．The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ________. A．change B．choice C．text D．extension 【解析】　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子的前后語境可知，此處指把大學(xué)階段作為從受到家庭的庇護(hù)到擁有自主性和擔(dān)負(fù)起成年人職責(zé)的“轉(zhuǎn)變”，故選A項(xiàng)change。 【答案】　A 14．According to the author，what role should college play? A．To develop a shared identity among students. B．To define and regulate students social behavior. C．To provide a safe world without tension for students. D．To foster students intellectual and personal development. 【解析】　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，大學(xué)教育應(yīng)該嘗試新的方法培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在思維方面和個性方面的發(fā)展，故D項(xiàng)正確。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)生如果依靠管理方來規(guī)范他們的社交行為和思維模式，就不能面對在一個更大和復(fù)雜的社交環(huán)境中尋找自己的身份帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，故排除A項(xiàng)(應(yīng)該是鼓勵他們finding an identity)；由第五段內(nèi)容可知，大學(xué)監(jiān)管和塑造學(xué)生的行為表現(xiàn)會引起學(xué)生的反感，故排除B項(xiàng)；最后一段說，大學(xué)在社會價值、風(fēng)尚和行為規(guī)范方面的討論應(yīng)該包括對學(xué)生自治和自我規(guī)范的發(fā)展的重要性的認(rèn)識、對安全和自我發(fā)現(xiàn)之間必要的緊張關(guān)系的認(rèn)識，故排除C項(xiàng)。 【答案】　D 15．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? I：Introduction　P：Point　Sp：Subpoint(次要點(diǎn))　C：Conclusion 【解析】　文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一、二段起到以目前大學(xué)教育現(xiàn)狀導(dǎo)入的作用，第三段是第一個主要點(diǎn)(大學(xué)教育應(yīng)該嘗試新的方法培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在思維方面和個性方面的發(fā)展)，第四段是第二個主要點(diǎn)(培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的社會實(shí)踐能力)，第五、六段是第二個主要點(diǎn)的次要點(diǎn)，第七段是結(jié)論(大學(xué)探討應(yīng)該包括意識到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主性、自我規(guī)范等方面的重要性)。 【答案】　C Ⅱ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) (2016山東省濰坊市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三12月階段性教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 16　 Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.　17　After a while, it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.　18　That means harmful material may get into our food supply. 19　Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly.Plastic recycling programs also work－where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use.We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.　20　And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A．Then, fish may eat the plastics. B．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. C．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. D．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. E．Plastics should be gathered together and reused. F．But people can make a big difference. G．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. 【答案】　16－20　DCAFB Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) A man and his girlfriend were married.All of their friends and family came to partake in the festivities and celebrations.In the ceremony, everyone could tell the couples__21__for each other was true. A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a__22__， “I read in a magazine, a while ago, about how we can__23__our marriage，” she offered.“Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit__24__with the other person.Then, we can talk about how we can fix them together and make our lives__25__.” The husband__26__.So each of them went to a__27__room and thought of the things that annoyed them about the other.Then they thought about this question and wrote down what they__28__. The next morning, they decided that they would__29__their lists. “Ill start，” offered the wife.She took out her list.It had many items on it，__30__to fill 3 pages.In fact, as she started reading the list of the little annoyances, she noticed that__31__was starting to appear on her husbands face. “Whats wrong？” she asked.“Nothing，” the husband replied，“__32__ reading your list.” The wife continued to read__33__she had read all three pages to her husband. “Now, you read your list and then well talk about the things on both of our lists，” she said__34__. Quietly the husband stated, “I dont have anything on my list.I think that you are__35__the way that you are.You are lovely and wonderful and I wouldnt want to try and__36__anything about you.” The wife, __37__by his honesty and the depth of his love for her and his __38__of her, turned her head and wept. In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed，__39__and annoyed.We dont really have to go looking for them.We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise.Why__40__time looking for the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can see the wonderful things before us. 【語篇解讀】　生活中總是有許多令人失望、沮喪和煩惱的時候，但當(dāng)我們的生活很美好時，為什么要浪費(fèi)時間去自尋煩惱呢？ 21．A.honesty B．information C．love D．marriage 【解析】　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處表示“每個人都能看出他們對彼此的愛是真誠的”。 【答案】　C 22．A.question B．proposal C．problem D．doubt 【解析】　本空后面的部分是妻子給丈夫提議的內(nèi)容，因此答案選B，proposal意為“提議，建議”。 【答案】　B 23．A.complete B．improve C．destroy D．strengthen 【解析】　結(jié)合下文可知，妻子在雜志上讀到的是關(guān)于如何鞏固婚姻的文章，故答案選D，strengthen意為“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”。 【答案】　D 24．A.annoying B．relaxing C．delighting D．a(chǎn)musing 【解析】　依據(jù)語境，在一張紙上寫的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對方使自己不愉快的事，故答案選A，annoying意為“惱人的，使人煩惱的”。下文“that annoyed them about the other”也有提示。 【答案】　A 25．A.happier B．farther C．longer D．richer 【解析】　商量解決問題的目的當(dāng)然是使生活更幸福，因此答案選happier。 【答案】　A 26．A.confused B．worried C．refused D．a(chǎn)greed 【解析】　由“So each of them went to a__27__room and thought of the things that annoyed them about the other”可知，丈夫同意了妻子的提議。 【答案】　D 27．A.comfortable B．separate C．small D．quiet 【解析】　根據(jù)語境推斷，此處指夫妻倆各自走向不同的房間去想對方的缺點(diǎn)。 【答案】　B 28．A.fit in with B．looked up to C．came up with D．faced up to 【解析】　接著他們都在思考這個問題，并且把他們想到的都寫下來。fit in with“適合，與……一致”；look up to“尊敬，尊重”；come up with“想出，提出”；face up to“敢于面對”。 【答案】　C 29．A.go over B．carry out C．a(chǎn)nswer for D．look for 【解析】　go over“查看，細(xì)看”；carry out“執(zhí)行，實(shí)施”；answer for“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；look for“尋找，期待”。第二天早上，他們決定看看彼此的缺點(diǎn)。 【答案】　A 30．A.equal B．a(chǎn)ccurate C．enough D．temporary 【解析】　既然“It had many items on it”，那么應(yīng)該是“足足寫滿了三頁”。 【答案】　C 31．A.anger B．happiness C．sadness D．smiles 【解析】　由下文“Whats wrong？”可推斷，此處表示“丈夫的臉上顯得有些悲傷”。 【答案】　C 32．A.stop B．keep C．delay D．a(chǎn)ppreciate 【解析】　根據(jù)“Nothing”以及下文“The wife continued to read...”可知，此處表示“繼續(xù)念吧”。 【答案】　B 33．A.before B．until C．unless D．a(chǎn)fter 【解析】　妻子又接著念，一直把整整三頁向丈夫念完。 【答案】　B 34．A.happily B．miserably C．slightly D．cautiously 【解析】　依據(jù)上文內(nèi)容，妻子向丈夫提議雙方各自寫出對方的小毛病，目的是使他們的生活更幸福，因此，當(dāng)她說“現(xiàn)在該你念了，然后我們談?wù)勊信e的缺點(diǎn)”這句話時，心情是很高興的。happily“高興地，愉快地”；miserably“痛苦地，悲慘地”；slightly“輕微地，稍微地”；cautiously“謹(jǐn)慎地，小心地”。 【答案】　A 35．A.wrong B．honest C．hopeful D．perfect 【解析】　由“I dont have anything on my list.”可推知“丈夫覺得妻子這樣就很完美了”，因此，答案選D。 【答案】　D 36．A.tell B．change C．discuss D．interrupt 【解析】　丈夫覺得妻子很完美，所以他不想嘗試來改變她。 【答案】　B 37．A.touched B．encouraged C．frustrated D．supported 【解析】　由“turned her head and wept”可知，妻子被丈夫的誠實(shí)和對她深深的愛所“感動”，因此答案選A。 【答案】　A 38．A.forgiveness B．sympathy C．a(chǎn)cceptance D．understanding 【解析】　因?yàn)檎煞驔]有寫妻子的任何缺點(diǎn)，也不想讓妻子為自己改變什么，由此可知，丈夫接納了妻子的全部。 【答案】　C 39．A.inspired B．excited C．satisfied D．depressed 【解析】　根據(jù)連詞連接成分對等可知此處填depressed，意為“沮喪的，消沉的”。inspired“激動人心的”；excited“興奮的”；satisfied“滿意的”。 【答案】　D 40．A.save B．kill C．devote D．waste 【解析】　由“We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty，light and promise”可知，該處表示“我們不必浪費(fèi)時間……”，因此答案選waste。kill ones time“消磨時間”。 【答案】　D Ⅳ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分) 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：04940051】 The Internet is an 41.________(amaze)information resource.Students, teachers，and researchers use it as 42.________ investigative tool.Journalists use it to find information for stories.Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 43.________(late)medical development.Ordinary people use it 44.________shopping, banking, billpaying, and communicating with family and friends.People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from 45.________ countries and cultures.However, while there are many positive developments 46.________ (associate)with the Internet，there are also certain fears and concerns.One concern relates to a lack of control ove