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語法專題（十二）簡單句,PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,【中考考點】（1）陳述句的概念及其結(jié)構(gòu)變化。（2）疑問句的分類及其答語。（3）感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)及感嘆引導詞what和how的正確使用。（4）therebe句型的基本用法。（5）連詞成句。,考點一陳述句,陳述句是用于陳述一個事實或表達說話人的看法的句子。陳述句主要分為肯定句和否定句。1.陳述句的肯定句式主要有五種基本句型（1）主語+系動詞+表語Englishisveryeasy.英語很容易。Helookstired.他看上去累了。（2）主語+不及物動詞Thestudentsworkveryhard.學生們學習很努力。（3）主語+及物動詞+賓語Shelikestheflowers.她喜歡這些花。Dadboughtacar.父親買了一輛小汽車。,（4）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（間接賓語是人,直接賓語是物）[注意]帶雙賓語的及物動詞,如果直接賓語置于間接賓語之前,間接賓語前必須加to或for,構(gòu)成“主語+及物動語+直接賓語+to/for+間接賓語”句型?！捌呓o”（give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand）和“一帶”（bring）,在直接賓語前置時,必須在后面加to;buy,draw,make在直接賓語前置時,必須在后面加for。Shesentmeapresent.=Shesentapresentme.她給我寄了一份禮物。Myfatherboughtmeabike.=Myfatherboughtabikeme.我爸爸給我買了一輛自行車。,to,for,【巧學妙記】帶雙賓語的及物動詞口訣:“七給”“一帶”“to”不少,“買”“畫”“制作”“for”來了。（5）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語Theteacheraskedthestudentstolistencarefullyinclass.老師要求學生們上課認真聽講。,2.陳述句的否定句式（1）be動詞+not（2）情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+not+動詞原形Ididn’tgetupatsixo’clockthismorning.今天早上六點我沒有起床。（3）no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neither…nor,none等詞構(gòu)成否定句。Icanhardlybelievehisstory.我?guī)缀醪幌嘈潘墓适?。?）think,believe,suppose等詞的否定前移的用法。Idon’tthinkhewillcometomorrow.我認為他明天不會來。（5）“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含義。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小,還不能去上學。,考點二疑問句,1.一般疑問句（1）一般疑問句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):①Be+主語+其他?②助動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他?③情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他?（2）一般疑問句的回答用yes或者no。（3）否定疑問句的答語否定疑問句通常以“be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+not”的縮寫形式開頭,表示請求、看法或者驚訝等。其答語形式和漢語表達習慣不同?！狝ren’tyouastudent?你不是一名學生嗎?—/不,我是。/是的,我不是。,Yes,Iam．,No,Iamnot.,2.特殊疑問句常見的疑問代詞有what,which,who,whom,whose;常見的疑問副詞有when,where,why,how。特殊疑問句的一般語序為“特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句”。[注意]如果特殊疑問詞在特殊疑問句中作主語,此特殊疑問句要用陳述語序。3.選擇疑問句選擇疑問句有兩種:“一般疑問句+備選項”和“特殊疑問句+備選項”?！猈ouldyoulikesomejuiceortea?你想要些果汁還是茶?—Neither.都不要。Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?你想要哪樣,茶還是咖啡?,考點三感嘆句,abeautifulfloweritis!它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊!goodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!finetheweatheris!多么好的天氣呀!fastJimruns!吉姆跑得多么快啊!timeflies!時光飛逝!,What,What,How,How,How,【巧學妙記】感嘆句,并不難,what,how放句前;名詞詞組跟what,how與形副緊相連。,考點四祈使句,Haveagoodholiday!（祝你）假日愉快!Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.當你過馬路時要當心。Let’shavearest.讓我們休息一下吧。Noparking!禁止停車!,考點五therebe句型,therebe句型表示“某處有某物”,主語是be動詞后面的名詞。be動詞必須和后面的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如果有兩個或兩個以上的主語時,be動詞遵循“就近一致”原則,即與鄰近的主語保持一致。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)為:There+be+主語+地點.arivernearourschool.我們學校附近有一條河。arulerandtwopencilsonthedesk.課桌上有一把尺子和兩支鉛筆。,Thereis,Thereis,,A[2018河北]1.it,outside,hot,is?2.ontime,to,remember,arrive.3.forlunch,we,what,do,have?4.acupof,Lucy,me,tea,brought.5.your,beautiful,are,how,kites!,Isithotoutside,Remembertoarriveontime,Whatdowehaveforlunch,Lucybroughtmeacupoftea,Howbeautifulyourkitesare,,B[2017河北]6.birthday,is,gift,what,your?7.you,us,can,ride,give,a?8.five,inourgroup,there,students,are.9.helps,a,good,you,education,succeed.10.I,takeawalk,think,after,we,supper,should.,Whatisyourbirthdaygift,Canyougiveusaride,Therearefivestudentsinourgroup,Agoodeducationhelpsyousucceed,Ithinkweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper,,C[2016河北改編]11.picture,is,the,new,third.12.it,I,yesterday,drew.13.underthetree,some,thereare,children.14.thatman,among,lookat,them.15.popular,a,is,singer,he.,Thethirdpictureisnew,Idrewityesterday/YesterdayIdrewit,Therearesomechildrenunderthetree,Lookatthatmanamongthem,Heisapopularsinger,,D[2015河北改編]16.I,wenton,yesterday,atrip.17.it,my,was,schooltrip,first.18.we,happily,sang,ontheway.19.interestingactivities,many,therewere.20.what,we,a,wonderful,time,had!,Iwentonatripyesterday/YesterdayIwentonatrip,Itwasmyfirstschooltrip,Wesanghappilyontheway/Onthewaywesanghappily,Thereweremanyinterestingactivities,Whatawonderfultimewehad,,E[2014河北改編]21.night,did,last,rain,it?22.your,what,is,shirt,size?23.gift,him,birthday,gave,a,I.24.flowers,what,are,beautiful,they!25.tennis,a,Nancy,twice,week,play.,Diditrainlastnight,Whatsizeisyourshirt,Igavehimabirthdaygift,Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare,Nancyplaystennistwiceaweek,,F[2013河北]26.do,a,have,you,ruler?27.nice,the,taste,noodles.28.far,the,how,museum,is?29.pens,those,her,pass,black.30.match,a,now,be,TV,football,there,on.,Doyouhavearuler,Thenoodlestastenice,Howfaristhemuseum,Passherthoseblackpens,ThereisafootballmatchonTVnow/NowthereisafootballmatchonTV,