【機(jī)械類(lèi)畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】鍛造工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,機(jī)械類(lèi)畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯,機(jī)械類(lèi),畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對(duì)照,對(duì)比,比照,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,鍛造,鑄造,工業(yè)技術(shù),發(fā)展 黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(文獻(xiàn)翻譯) 第 12 頁(yè) http://www.docin.com/p-113971110.html Abstract This paper describes our forging technology’s development, particularly the latest technology development of the equipment hydraulic forging hammer and several examples of the hot forging process of application in several typical parts and describes the trend of hydraulic hammer forging industry in the future. Keywords: hot forging technology ; forgings ; forging ; development and application of technology ; forming equipment ; hydraulic ;and new development Ⅰ Introduction China’s accession to the WTO, the international market, Globalization is bound to the process enormous business opportunities to China’s manufacturing industry, particularly in the automobile and aerospace industry; State Development Planning commission, The Ministry of Science and Technology issued the “current priority to the development of the high-tech industry focus areas Guide” has identified priority areas of the automobile is mainly connected in the automobile parts manufacturing industry. Auto industry, the “small, lightweight and high-speed” The direction of development, provides great opportunities for the development of the auto parts 60% is forging methods of production. The expert analysis; the United States, Japan, Germany’s auto industry is so advanced, benefit from the forging technology and equipment of the leading position. China’s forging industry must adapt to international competition after WTO accession, so we must arm ourselves with new and high technology and upgrade ourselves, unswervingly follow the self-physically strong path of the “sophisticated, specialization and modernization”. At present, the development of China’s automobile industry has become a diversified trend, particularly the development of family cars, to meet the demands of different consumers, the car market has become a multi-brand, multi-species common development pattern, so forgings will inevitably lead to the diversification of demand, in order to meet market demand. Forging industry should give priority to how to make production more flexible to accommodate multiple varieties and Small Batch “timely production” requirement in nearly 10 years. Ⅱ The forging industry sector’s technology progress Forging Industry major technology advances in performance of new materials, new techniques and new equipment. Application of new materials. According to the information shows that the production in Germany at forging increasingly widespread use of micro-alloy steel. Due to Process in the follow-up to cancel the heat treatment process, the forging of such costs has dropped, Steel used in the manufacture of forgings Forging immediately after rapid cooling, so cyanide will be enhanced by fine-grained, thus decided the forging’s better mechanical properties. Lightweight vehicles also will lead the high proportion of employ magnesium, aluminum, titanium increasing. At the sometime non-ferrous metal forgings demand is rising. Alloy has a lower temperature in forging. Moreover it has a small temperature range, between its starts and ends. So that Forming velocity and the forming equipment which corresponded to are higher compared with the ordinary Forging. The application of new materials improve the forging equipment and process requirements, and thus their value to their products has been high. According to statistics, the United States. Canada accounted for forging 5% of the total steel forgings sales accounted for forging total sales of 20%. Application of new technology. The so-called “precision” that is widely used for net shape technology, through the application of new technology to achieve little without the purpose chip. For instance the shaft wedge rolling, roll forging technology; Disk-type parts Warm Forging technology, placed crushed; fork parts of the pieces, multi-mode Boring forming technology; complex parts powder forging technology, and so on. The so-called “professional” is the new techniques in terms of various types parts manufacturing relative specialization. Application of new technology will not only save a great amount of material, but also enhance the production efficiency, improve the forging internal and external quality. Application of equipment. As new materials, new technology application, corresponding to the forming equipment obtained a broad space for development; forging equipment is developing gradually to the high efficiency, high accuracy, high reliability, low energy consumption direction. China forging industry factories scattered, backward technology, forging aging equipment, general Forging’s production capacity is very surplus, but the capacity is obviously inadequate, that can achieve the standard of DIN7526E precision forgings level of productivity which Germany will be able to achieve. With a big gap between the foreign, in order to meet demand of the international market and forging industry promote a reform of specialization; requirements in a timely manner; At the same time, forging industry should vigorously promote the reform process, and use new equipment, actively realize modernization forging industry has become large enterprises forging go out into the world and meet the world and compete with the peer. Ⅲ Forging hammer’s status and adaptability in the modern industrial technology development Forging hammer is a multi-forging machines’ pioneer which has been 100 years of history. Despite various forging new techniques and new equipment are constantly emerging, forging hammer still plays a very important role because of its simple structure, convenient operation, Forming fast, strong adaptability and the advantages of low investment. Especially the emerging of the programmable hydraulic forging hammer, that has made forging hammer a renaissance in modern technology development. Hammer has a distinct advantage against faster, thus mold exposure time is short. So it is particularly suited to the requirements of high-speed deformation mold filling occasions. For example, with thin bars plate, the complex shape and weight tolerances are required forgings. Because of its rapid and flexible operating characteristics, its adaptability is very strong, and it was known as the “universal” equipment. Therefore forging is particularly suitable for multiple varieties and small batch production. Hammer is the optimal cost-forming equipment. Hammer Rapid Prototyping characteristics has been brought into full play nit only in the hot forging forming technology, but also Cold Forming in the application of the process. According to relevant data and research results showed that the higher the speed of deformation can improve plastic deformation of metals, their reasons are : work hardening rate of deformation greater than the speed, causing material deformation and can continue to rupture; Moreover, metal and die between the friction coefficient with the deformation speed down, bringing metal flow faster, easy filling forming; higher deformation rate, not only reduce the deformation resistance, and can reduce the deformation of the in homogeneity. Hammer characteristics of the rapid prototyping applies equally to powder forging technology. To reduce Performa and die surface contact time, avoid the work piece chilling which will lead to incompletely dense. To reduce forging surface or local low-density surface layer thickness, use higher speed and higher precision of hydraulic forging hammer deformation which can achieve greater speed, tool life, and lowering the deformation resistance. All of these lead that performs are easily filled with mold cavity to ensure the quality and accuracy of forging purposes. Ⅳ Forging hammer new developments in technology Since forging hammer the omnipotent properties Hammer technology is complete day by day with the development of science and technology, especially modern electric hydraulic control technology. The modernization program controlled hydraulic forging hammer has become highly efficient, energy-saving, high-precision, highly reliable, forging new equipment. Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer, with a unique hydraulic transmission structure, make it possible the short trip within the huge energy. That is the high-speed train trip short and the high frequency of continuous forging become a reality. Hammer’s flexible, rapid characteristics get the full play. Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer, the overall using of U-shaped cast steel anvil bed will facilitate the wide Cycle Guide structure, and the convenience of Die fixed, adjusting the structure which provide a guarantee to the precision forgings asked. The gap of up to hammer Guide is 0.2 mm, and its precision against rigid, combat efficiency and accuracy performance will remain much better than steamed air hammer, the first of its work force state Special hammer bar the force will be greatly improved; simple structure is forging hammer with high reliability preconditions. Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer, with the sophisticated poppet valve control technology, composite cylinder drive technology, Double defense technology and the leakage of hydraulic integration technology, let the oil pipe connect to the achievement of a system much simpler structure. Application of new technology has greatly improved the reliability of the equipment operation, which laid the foundation for it being successfully applied in the forging industry. Program-controlled hydraulic hammer is known as forging modern equipment not only because of its simple and reliable structure, fast and flexible operating characteristics, but also equipped with modern online pressure, temperature, Cleanliness and other electronic surveillance systems and procedures which can be realized against the energy-controlled system. Good operating environment hydraulic system hydraulic hammer is the normal prerequisites; Precision strike energy control systems, not only reduce the surplus energy t combat against the vibration and noise, but also improve the equipment’s reliability and mold life, Forging a stable quality, lower right operator proficiency requirements. Ⅴ The application of the Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer forging technology in the modern development Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer’s efficient, energy-precision, high-reliability characteristics, make forging hammer forging industry in today’s technological progress and development is being revived, and its adaptability is being proved by many practice. Shanghai Automotive Gear Works Car Gearbox governor fork forming, the original using of friction press forming, even among Plectrum thin, Forging temperature dropped quickly. Metal poor mobility, coupled with the slow pace of forming presses, forging forming resistance, the cavity filled with hard, yield was only 80%. KJ after the switch to 25-hydraulic hammer two boring three hammers forging process, forging a chear outline, fullness, the yield up to 97%. 1000T friction with the press compared with 25KJ hydraulic hammer is energy consumption, its Die life or production cost is far higher than the 25KJ hydraulic hammers. At present, the plant has had four hydraulic hammers forging of the production line. Shanghai surgical instruments plant their Forfex forming, the original mainly rely on friction press, as thin work pieces, forging forming resistance, Flash 1 mm thick, the size precision forgings poor Trimming after forging large deformation. Forging the shape, sizes Road after rely on the accuracy of precision pressure processes to ensure that Precision Grinding after flying edges of the heavy workload. After the use of hydraulic forging hammer, forging speed against energy can be accurately controlled. Forging flying edges up to 0.5 mm, forgings trimming after deformation are very small, the shape and size of accuracy is guaranteed. Trimming is no longer required after the precision pressure processes, and grinding workload is greatly reduced. Hydraulic Hammer application, production line process has been significantly shorted, lower production costs as much as 30%. In addition, because of Hammer, forging a reduction in the number of heating, forging temperature has been lowered, Forging the surface heating caused due to the oxidation of trace elements greatly reduced, forging materials and chemical properties to be assured that avoid the use of the process of corrosion. Wanxiang Group in Hang Zhou Cross hot forging axis, Hammer original technology used later by blocking a single friction press forming technology, has changed in recent years using programmable hydraulic forging hammer forming process, a three materials, process line : Heating-Hammer (blank-Preform-end Forging) hammer forming five-trimming. Because of hammer blow high frequency, each hammer blow energy and combat sequence can be accessed through the procedures set, a production line to operate three can be completed by the original three production lines 15 workload. Liu used a three forging hammer forming process has greatly improved labor productivity, and conservation of the material. An expected three, two fly between edge-sharing, three of the flying edges is the original amount of two flying side volume. Baicheng links connecting rod forging industry, the entire line of imports of program-controlled hydraulic hammer is the hot forging production line, its forming process : heating-roll forging blank-hammer forging (2-boring four hammer Forming)- Trimming. The line heating, roll forging biller system are operated by qutomatic, the full range is operated by 2 workers and its classes output resched more than 4000 At present, the plant has been forging link weth two production lines, Planning in 2003 and then on to s 31.5KJ program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer for of the production line. Former minister of machinery industry He Guan Yuan Zeng pointed out that China’s forging height of the Baicheng; fully demonstrate its hot forging technology advanced. Shanghai Jiao tong University Forming Engineering has been engaged in the cold, warm forging, powder forging technology research, their latest research results: motor-driven vehicle for the cold forging technology and marketing three motorcycle gear Cold Heading Extrusion Technology, is the successful examples use of hydraulic hammer for Cold Forming. With special forging process of application, high efficiency, energy-saving, high-precision, highly reliable, forging new equipment hydraulic forging hammer short trip to the increasingly widespread application. Ⅵ Concluding remarks At the popularization and application of the “three new” technology, which is characterized by new materials, new techniques and new equipment, have been regarded highly by many forging business. The application’s superiority of the highly efficient and energy-saving, high-precision electro-hydraulic hammer has become the consensus in the forging industry’s progress and development in the future. Hydraulic hammer technological development has been relatively slow because of the forging hammer manufacturing enterprises economic, institutional and other factors in previous years. Hammer foreign hammer manufacturers have avail them of the opportunity to enter the China market. According to Statistics the past 5 years China has introduced various specifications of the hydraulic hammer nearly 20 Tai. “Who is arming the forging industry in China” is worthy of “forging” thought. Domestically, the institute makes enormous contribution to our steam hammer dual-use energy-efficient transformation. Institute through 10 years of research. But only energy-saving solution is not enough, flexible, fast, high-precision, high reliability is the common requirements of an electro-hydraulic hammer users. We MSC 100 Association Limited is willing to cooperate with enterprises who are interested in China’s forging technological progress and development, use our own technical superiority, digestion and absorption of advanced forging and clomestic forging hammer design, manufacturing experience to proud the sfficient, energy-saving, high-precision, highly reliable clectro-hydraulic hammer for more user with the starting point and direction of the new technology. At the some time, we want to contribute our strength to the Chinese forging industry hot forging technological advances with the users. 摘要 本文簡(jiǎn)述我國(guó)鍛造工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，特別是熱模鍛設(shè)備液壓模鍛錘技術(shù)最新發(fā)展及其在幾個(gè)典型零件熱模鍛工藝中的應(yīng)用實(shí)例，闡述程控全液壓模鍛錘在未來(lái)鍛造工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用趨勢(shì)。 關(guān)鍵詞：熱模鍛技術(shù)，鍛造，鍛件，模鍛，發(fā)展，應(yīng)用，技術(shù)，成形，設(shè)備，液壓，新發(fā)展 一、 引言 中國(guó)加入WTO，市場(chǎng)國(guó)際化，采購(gòu)全球化必將給中國(guó)的制造業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大的商機(jī)，特別是汽車(chē)，航天制造業(yè)；國(guó)家計(jì)委，科技部共同發(fā)布的《當(dāng)前優(yōu)先發(fā)展的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域》已確定了汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域優(yōu)先發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)主要集中在汽車(chē)零部件制造業(yè)。汽車(chē)工業(yè)的“小型化，輕量化和高速化”發(fā)展方向，為中國(guó)的鍛造行業(yè)提供了極大地發(fā)展機(jī)遇，汽車(chē)上的零件60%使用鍛壓方法生產(chǎn)的。有關(guān)專(zhuān)家分析指出：美國(guó)，日本，德國(guó)的汽車(chē)工業(yè)如此發(fā)達(dá)， 得益于其鍛壓技術(shù)及設(shè)備的領(lǐng)先地位。我國(guó)的鍛造工業(yè)要適應(yīng)入世后國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的需要，必須用高新技術(shù)武裝自己，提升自己，堅(jiān)定不移的走“精密化，專(zhuān)業(yè)化，現(xiàn)代化”的強(qiáng)身之路。我國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)展目前已呈現(xiàn)多元化傾向，特別是家用轎車(chē)的發(fā)展，為適應(yīng)不同消費(fèi)者的要求，轎車(chē)市場(chǎng)已呈現(xiàn)多品牌，多品種共同發(fā)展的格局，必然造成了鍛件需求的多樣化，為了適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的需求，鍛壓行業(yè)近十年還應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮如何令生產(chǎn)更具有柔性，以適應(yīng)多品種，小批量“及時(shí)生產(chǎn)”要求。 二、鍛造行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步 鍛造興業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步主要體現(xiàn)在新材料，新工藝，新設(shè)備的應(yīng)用。 新材料應(yīng)用。據(jù)有關(guān)資料顯示，德國(guó)在生產(chǎn)鍛件時(shí)愈來(lái)愈廣泛采用微合金鋼。由于在工藝過(guò)程中可取消后續(xù)熱處理工序，故這種鍛件的成本有所下降，用這種鋼制造的鍛件在模鍛后立即快速冷卻，可獲得有氰化物強(qiáng)化的細(xì)晶粒組織，從而可決定鍛件較好的力學(xué)性能。汽車(chē)輕量化也必然使鎂，鋁，鈦合金的應(yīng)用比例愈來(lái)愈高，有色金屬鍛件需求愈來(lái)愈高。合金的鍛造溫度低，始、終鍛溫度區(qū)間小，成形速度及與之相適應(yīng)的成型設(shè)備相對(duì)普通鍛件要求較高。新材料的應(yīng)用提高了鍛造設(shè)備，工藝要求，因而其產(chǎn)品的附加值也高。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國(guó)，加拿大占鍛件總量5%的合金鋼鍛件銷(xiāo)售占鍛件銷(xiāo)售總額的20%以上。 新工藝應(yīng)用。所謂“精密化”即廣泛采用幾凈成形技術(shù)，通過(guò)新工藝的應(yīng)用達(dá)到少無(wú)屑的目的。如軸類(lèi)零件的楔橫軋技術(shù)，輥鍛技術(shù)；盤(pán)扁類(lèi)零件的溫鍛成形技術(shù)，擺碾技術(shù)；叉類(lèi)零件的多件，多模鏜成形技術(shù)；復(fù)雜零件的粉末鍛造成形技術(shù)等等。所謂“專(zhuān)業(yè)化”是就新工藝手段而言各種類(lèi)型零件制造相對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)化。新工藝的應(yīng)用不僅節(jié)約大量的材料，而且提高了生產(chǎn)效率，提高了鍛件內(nèi)在，外在的質(zhì)量。 新設(shè)備的應(yīng)用。由于新材料，新工藝的推廣應(yīng)用，與之相適應(yīng)的成形設(shè)備同樣獲得了廣闊的發(fā)展空間，鍛造設(shè)備正逐步向高效率，高精度，高可靠，低能耗方向發(fā)展。我國(guó)鍛造行業(yè)廠(chǎng)點(diǎn)分散，工藝水平落后，鍛造成形設(shè)備老化，普通模鍛件的生產(chǎn)能力很有富余，但能達(dá)到德國(guó)DIN7526E 級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精鍛件水平的生產(chǎn)能力明顯不足，與國(guó)外差距較大，為適應(yīng)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)化需求；大力推行工藝改造，積極采用新型設(shè)備，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)鍛造行業(yè)現(xiàn)代化已成眾多鍛件企業(yè)走出國(guó)門(mén)，迎接世界同行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必由之路。 三、鍛錘在現(xiàn)代鍛造工業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展中的地位及適應(yīng)性 鍛錘是多種鍛壓機(jī)器的先驅(qū)，至今已有一百多年的歷史。盡管各種鍛造成形新工藝，新設(shè)備的不斷涌現(xiàn)，但鍛錘由于結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，操作方便，成形速度快，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，投資少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，至今仍然起著非常重要的作用。特別是程控全液壓鍛錘的出現(xiàn)，使鍛錘在現(xiàn)代鍛造工業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展中又一次得到了復(fù)興。 鍛錘的特出優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于打擊速度快，因而模具接觸時(shí)間段，特別適合要求高速變形來(lái)充填模具的場(chǎng)合。例如帶有薄筋板，形狀復(fù)雜的而且有重量公差的鍛件。由于其快速，靈活的操作特性，其適應(yīng)性非常強(qiáng)，有人稱(chēng)之為“萬(wàn)能”設(shè)備。因而特別適合多品種，小批量的生產(chǎn)。鍛錘是性能價(jià)格比最優(yōu)的成形設(shè)備。 鍛錘快速成形特性不僅在熱鍛模成形技術(shù)中得到了充分發(fā)揮，而且在冷鍛成形工藝應(yīng)用中也具有相當(dāng)?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)。據(jù)有關(guān)資料及研究實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，較高的變形速度可提高金屬塑性變形程度，其原因在于；變形速度大于加工硬化速度，致使材料可繼續(xù)變形而不會(huì)破裂；同時(shí)由于金屬與模具型腔之間的摩察系數(shù)隨變形速度提高而下降，是金屬流動(dòng)速度加快，易于充填成形；較高的變形速度，不僅降低了變形抗力，還可減少變形的不均勻性。 鍛錘的快速成形特性同樣適用于粉末鍛造工藝。為了減少預(yù)成形坯與模具表面接觸時(shí)間，避免工件激冷而導(dǎo)致不完全致密，減少鍛件表面或局部表面低密度厚度，采用較高的打擊速度和較高精度的全液壓模鍛錘可達(dá)到提高變形速度，提高模具壽命，降低變形阻力，是預(yù)成形坯易于充滿(mǎn)模具型腔，保證鍛件質(zhì)量和精度的目的。 四、鍛錘技術(shù)的新發(fā)展 由于鍛錘的萬(wàn)能特性，鍛錘技術(shù)隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展特別是現(xiàn)代液壓電氣控制技術(shù)發(fā)展而日臻完善?，F(xiàn)代化的程控全液壓模鍛錘已成為具有高效，節(jié)能，高精度，高可靠新型鍛造成形設(shè)備。 程控全液壓模鍛錘，采用獨(dú)特的全液壓傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，使錘頭在較短的行程內(nèi)獲得巨大能量成為可能，即短行程高速鍛造和高效率的連續(xù)鍛造成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。鍛錘的靈活，快速的特性得到了充分發(fā)揮。 程控全液壓模鍛錘，采用整體U形鑄鋼磚床身，可方便拆換的寬導(dǎo)軌結(jié)構(gòu)，以及便于對(duì)模的模具固定，調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)，為鍛件的高精度要求提供了保證。該錘導(dǎo)軌間隙可達(dá)0.2mm，工作精度，打擊剛性，打擊效率及精度保持性能將大大優(yōu)于蒸汽錘，其動(dòng)力頭的工作狀態(tài)，特別錘桿的受力狀況將大為改善；簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)式鍛錘具有較高可靠性的前提條件。 程控全液壓模鍛錘，采用先進(jìn)的錐閥控制技術(shù)，復(fù)合缸傳動(dòng)技術(shù)，雙重防外泄技術(shù)及液壓集成技術(shù)，使主油路實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)管連接，系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)單。新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用極大地提高了設(shè)備運(yùn)行的可靠性，為其在鍛造行業(yè)中成功地得到應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 程控全液壓模鍛錘之所以被稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)代化的鍛造設(shè)備不僅由于其具有簡(jiǎn)單可靠的結(jié)構(gòu)，快速靈活的操作特性，還在于其配備了現(xiàn)代化的在線(xiàn)壓力，溫度，清潔度等電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)及可實(shí)現(xiàn)程序打擊的能量的控制系統(tǒng)。良好的液壓系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行環(huán)境是液壓錘正常工作的先決條件；精確的打擊能量的自控系統(tǒng)，不僅減輕富余打擊能量打擊帶來(lái)的振動(dòng)和噪音，而且提高設(shè)備運(yùn)行的可靠性及模具的壽命，穩(wěn)定了鍛件的質(zhì)量，降低了對(duì)操作者熟練程度的要求。 五、程控全液壓模鍛錘在現(xiàn)代模鍛技術(shù)發(fā)展中的應(yīng)用舉例 程控全液壓模鍛錘的高效，節(jié)能，高精度，高可靠性，是鍛錘在當(dāng)今鍛造工業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和發(fā)展中的到復(fù)興，它的適應(yīng)性被許多實(shí)踐所證明。 上海汽車(chē)齒輪廠(chǎng)桑車(chē)變速箱換擋撥叉成形，原采用摩擦壓力機(jī)成形，由于撥叉中間連皮薄，鍛件溫度下降快。金屬流動(dòng)性差，再加上壓力機(jī)成形速度慢，鍛件成形阻力大，型腔不易充滿(mǎn)，成品率僅為80%。后改用25KJ液壓錘兩模膛鍛造成形工藝，鍛造輪廓清晰，豐滿(mǎn)，成品率可達(dá)97%。1000T摩擦壓力機(jī)與25KJ液壓錘相比無(wú)論是能源消耗，模具壽命還是生產(chǎn)成本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于25KJ液壓錘。目前該廠(chǎng)已擁有四條以液壓錘為中心的鍛造生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)。 上海手術(shù)器械廠(chǎng)其刀剪的成型，原主要依靠摩擦壓力機(jī)，由于工件薄，鍛件成形阻力大，飛邊厚達(dá)1mm以上，鍛件的尺寸精度差，切邊后鍛件變形量大。鍛件的形狀，尺寸精度靠后道的精壓工序來(lái)保證，精壓后飛邊打磨的工作量大。后改用液壓錘鍛造成形，由于鍛造成形速度快，打擊能量又可得到準(zhǔn)確控制，鍛件飛邊可達(dá)0.5mm，鍛件切邊后變形量小，形狀尺寸精度得到了保證，切邊后已不需要精壓工序，打磨工作量也大大降低，液壓模鍛錘的應(yīng)用，使生產(chǎn)工藝路線(xiàn)大大縮短，生產(chǎn)成本下降幅度達(dá)30%。此外由于錘的應(yīng)用，鍛件的加熱次數(shù)減少一次，鍛件的鍛造溫度也有所降低，鍛件表面由于加熱引起的微量元素氧化現(xiàn)象大大減少，鍛件的化學(xué)性能的到保證，避免了使用過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的銹蝕現(xiàn)象。 杭州萬(wàn)向集團(tuán)十字軸熱鍛成形，原工藝采用空氣錘制胚后再通過(guò)摩擦壓力機(jī)一次單件成形工藝，近年已改成采用程控全液壓模鍛錘成形工藝，一料三件，其工藝路線(xiàn)：加熱—模鍛錘（制胚—預(yù)鍛—終鍛）五錘成形一切邊。由于模鍛錘的打擊頻率高，每錘的打擊能量及打擊步序均可通過(guò)程序設(shè)定，一條生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)3人操作可完成原來(lái)三條生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)15人工作量。采用一料三件鍛錘成形工藝不僅大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，而且節(jié)約了材料。一料三件，兩件間飛邊可共用，三件的飛邊量為原工藝兩件的飛邊量。 白城通業(yè)連桿鍛造成形，該線(xiàn)為全進(jìn)口的以程控全液壓模鍛錘為中心的熱模鍛生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)