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洛 陽 理 工 學 院 畢 業(yè) 設 計（論 文） 題目＿首飾盒塑件塑料注射模具設計 姓 名：張 幸 系 （部）：機電工程系 專 業(yè) ：機械制造與自動化技術 指導教師 ：吳 銳 2008年5月20日 洛陽理工學院 畢業(yè)設計任務書 填表時間： 08年04月23 日 學生姓名 張 幸 專業(yè)班級 05模具 指導 教師 吳 銳 課題 類型 工程設計 題 目 茶杯塑件的塑料注射模具設計 主要研究 目標 (或研 究內(nèi)容) 1、應達到的目標： （1）完整設計一套能夠生產(chǎn)塑件的塑料注射模具； （2）設計的模具結(jié)構(gòu)合理，參數(shù)選擇正確，基本符合實際生產(chǎn)； （3）設計圖紙結(jié)構(gòu)表達完整，尺寸標注正確，符合國家標準； （4）設計說明書內(nèi)容完整、符合規(guī)定的格式要求。 2、主要技術要求： （1）塑件材料選用市場能買到的常用塑料（如工程塑料ABS或聚氯乙烯PVC等）； （2）生產(chǎn)類型為大批量生產(chǎn)，年產(chǎn)量為30萬件； （3）要求塑件表面質(zhì)量光滑，沒有熔接痕； （4）選用通用注射機，模具容易制造，成本較低。 課題要求、主要任務及數(shù)量（指圖紙規(guī)格、張數(shù)，說明書頁數(shù)、論文字數(shù)等） （1）分析塑料件的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，繪出塑件零件圖，確定塑件的質(zhì)量和體積； （2）根據(jù)塑件的生產(chǎn)要求選定注射工藝參數(shù)，制定注射工藝規(guī)程； （3）選擇能滿足生產(chǎn)需要的注射機； （4）設計塑料注射模具，包括模具的裝配結(jié)構(gòu)圖和每個零件的結(jié)構(gòu)圖； （5）繪制注射模具的裝配圖和5個主要零件的零件圖，寫出3萬字左右的設計說明書.。 進度 計劃 （1）1~3周，選擇塑料件，查閱相關資料，學習塑料模具的設計方法。 （2）4~7周，根據(jù)任務書要求，對塑件進行分析，確定模具的設計方案，按步驟進行設計計算，確定工藝參數(shù)，畫出模具的裝配結(jié)構(gòu)草圖，并確定草圖中各零件的結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸、材料、公差和技術要求。 （3）8~10周，書寫設計說明書，用CAD畫出模具裝配圖和指定的5各主要零件的零件圖，并用pro/E畫出零件的立體模型，交指導教師審查。 （4）11~12周，按指導教師的要求對設計說明書和圖的電子稿進行修改，修改后交指導教師審核。 （5）13~14周，指導教師審核通過后，打印、裝訂畢業(yè)設計，等待答辯。 主要 參考 文獻 （1）齊衛(wèi)東 塑料模具設計與制造 .北京：高等教育出版社，2005 （2）李學鋒 塑料模具設計及制造 .北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2002 （3）閻亞林 塑料模具圖冊 .北京：高等教育出版社，2004 （4）馮炳堯等.模具設計與制造簡明手冊 上海：科學技術出版社，1998 指導教師簽字： 教研室主任簽字： 年 月 日 洛陽理工學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）評閱成績表 系（部）： 專業(yè)班級： 學生姓名： （指導教師填表） 課題名稱 評審項目 具 體 要 求 分 值 評 分 調(diào)查論證 能獨立查閱文獻和從事其他調(diào)研；能正確翻譯外文資料；能提出并較好地論述課題的實施方案；有收集、加工各種信息及獲取新知識的能力。 10 方案設計與 分析、解決 問題的能力 能正確設計方案，獨立進行實驗工作，能運用所學知識和技能去發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決實際問題；能正確處理實驗數(shù)據(jù)；能對課題進行理論分析，得出有價值的結(jié)論。 10 設計（論文） 質(zhì) 量 綜述簡練完整，有見解；立論正確，論述充分，結(jié)論嚴謹合理；實驗正確，分析處理科學；文字通順，技術用語準確，符號統(tǒng)一，編號齊全，書寫工整規(guī)范，圖表完備、整潔、正確；論文結(jié)果有應用價值。 20 創(chuàng) 新 有創(chuàng)新意識；對前人工作有改進或突破，或有獨特見解。 10 工作量及 工作態(tài)度 按期圓滿完成規(guī)定的任務，工作量飽滿，難度較大；工作努力，遵守紀律，出勤率高；工作作風嚴謹務實。 10 綜合評定分數(shù) 指導教師評語： 年 月 日 洛陽理工學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）答辯成績評分表 系（部）： 專業(yè)班級： 學生姓名： （答辯委員會填表） 課題名稱 評審項目 具 體 要 求 分 值 評 分 報告內(nèi)容 思路清晰；語言表達準確，概念清楚，論點正確；實驗方法科學，分析歸納合理；結(jié)論嚴謹；論文結(jié)果有應用價值。 15 答 辯 回答問題有理論根據(jù)，基本概念清楚。主要問題回答準確、有深度。 15 創(chuàng) 新 對前人工作有改進或突破，或有獨特見解。 5 報告時間 符合要求。 5 答辯得分 指導教師審閱成績（60%） 答辯成績（40%） 總成績（等級） 答辯委員會（小組）評語： 年 月 日 答辯小組成員（簽字）： 答辯委員會（小組）主任（組長）簽字： The development of plastic mould China's industrial plastic moulds from the start to now, after more than half a century, there has been great development, mold levels have been greatly enhanced. Mould has been at large can produce 48-inch big-screen color TV Molded Case injection mold, 6.5 kg capacity washing machine full of plastic molds, as well as the overall car bumpers and dashboards, and other plastic mould precision plastic molds, the camera is capable of producing plastic mould , multi-cavity mold small modulus gear and molding mold. --Such as Tianjin and Yantai days Electrical Co., Ltd Polaris IK Co. manufactured multi-cavity mold VCD and DVD gear, the gear production of such size precision plastic parts, coaxial, beating requirements have reached a similar foreign the level of product, but also the application of the latest gear design software to correct contraction as a result of the molding profile error to the standard involute requirements. Production can only 0.08 mm thickness of a two-cavity mold and the air Cup difficulty of plastic doors and windows out of high modulus, and so on. Model cavity injection molding manufacturing accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra0.2 μ m, mold quality, and significantly increase life expectancy, non-hardening steel mould life up to 10 ~ 30 million, hardening steel form up to 50 ~ 10 million times, shorten the delivery time than before, but still higher than abroad, and the gap between a specific data table. ???? Process, the multi-material plastic molding die, efficient multicolor injection mould, inserts exchange structure and core pulling Stripping the innovative design has also made great progress. Gas-assisted injection molding, the use of more mature technologies, such as Qingdao Hisense Co., Ltd., Tianjin factory communications and broadcasting companies, such as mold manufacturers succeeded in 29 ~ 34-inch TV thick-walled shell, as well as some parts on the use of gas-assisted mould technology Some manufacturers also use the C-MOLD gas-assisted software and achieved better results. Prescott, such as Shanghai, such as the new company will provide users with gas-assisted molding equipment and technology. Began promoting hot runner mold, and some plants use rate of more than 20 percent, the general heat-thermal hot runner, or device, a small number of units with the world's advanced level of rigorous hot runner-needle device, a small number of units with World advanced level of rigorous needle-hot runner mould. However, the use of hot runner overall rate of less than 10%, with overseas compared to 50 ~ 80%, the gap larger. ???? In the manufacturing technology, CAD / CAM / CAE technology on the level of application of a new level to the enterprise for the production of household appliances representatives have introduced a considerable number of CAD / CAM systems, such as the United States EDS UG Ⅱ, the United States Parametric Technology Pro / Engineer, the United States CV CADS5 company, the British company DOCT5 Deltacam, HZS's CRADE Japan, the company's Cimatron Israel, the United States AC-C-Tech Mold Company and Australia's MPA Mold flow Mold analysis software, and so on. These systems and the introduction of the software, although a lot of money spent, but in our country die industry, and achieving a CAD / CAM integration, and to support CAE technology to forming processes such as molding and cooling, such as computer simulation, and achieved certain The technical and economic benefits, promote and facilitate China's CAD / CAM technology. In recent years, China's own development of the plastic mould CAD / CAM system has achieved significant development, the main guarantor Software Engineering Institute, is the development of CAXA, Huazhong University of Science HSC5.0 development of the system and injection mold CAE software, and so on, these Die of domestic software with the specific circumstances in the application of computer and lower prices, and other characteristics, in order to further universal CAD / CAM technology has created good conditions. ???? In recent years, China has been more extensive use of some new plastic mold steel, such as: P20, 3Cr2Mo, PMS, SM Ⅰ, SM Ⅱ, and the quality of life of mold has a direct significant impact on the overall use of the still less . Plastic Moulds standard model planes, such as standard putter and spring has given more applications, and there have been some of the commercialization of domestic hot runner system components. However, at present China Die level of standardization and commercialization in the general level of below 30 percent and foreign advanced industrial countries has reached 70 percent compared to 80 percent, still a large gap. Table 1, at home and abroad plastic mould technology comparison table? Domestic projects abroad cavity injection model mm0.02 accuracy of 0.005 ~ 0.01 ~ 0.05mm cavity surface roughness Ra0.01 ~ 0.05 μ mRa0.20 μ m non-hardened steel die life 10 to 60 million 10 ~ 30 million hardened steel die life 160 ~ 300 million of 50 ~ 100 million hot runner mould overall utilization rate of more than 80 per cent less than 10 per cent level of standardization of 70 ~ 80% less than 30% of medium-sized plastic mould production cycle about a month 2 ~ 4 months in the mold industry in the amount of 30 to 40% 25 to 30% According to the parties concerned forecast, the market's overall vigorous mold is a smooth upward, in the next Die market, the development of plastic mould faster than the other Die, die in the proportion of industry will gradually improve. With the continuous development of the plastics industry, put on the plastic mold growing demands is a normal, and so sophisticated, large-scale, complex, long-life plastic mould development will be higher than the overall pace of development. At the same time, imports in recent years because of the mold, precision, large, complex, long-life die in the majority, therefore, reduce imports, increase Guochanhualu: perspective, in the mold of such high-end market share will gradually increase. The rapid development of the construction industry so that the various Profile Extrusion Die, PVC plastic pipe fittings Die Die market become a new economic growth point, the rapid development of highways, car tires also put a higher demand, radial tire Die, Die particularly active pace of development will also be higher than the overall average level of the plastic and wood, plastic and metal to make plastic molds in the automotive, motorcycle industry in the demand for huge household appliances industry in the "10th Five-Year Plan" period have greater development, especially refrigerators, air-conditioners and microwave ovens, and other parts of the great demand for plastic moulds, and electronics and communications products, in addition to audio-video products, such as color televisions, laptop computers and set-top boxes will be given a wider network development, which are Plastic Mold market is the growth point. Second, China's industrial and technological plastic mould the future direction of the major developments will include: 1, raising large, sophisticated, complex, long-life mold design and manufacturing standards and proportion. This is due to the molding plastic mould products increasingly large, complex and high-precision requirements, as well as requirements for high productivity and the development of a multi-mode due. 2, in the design and manufacture of plastic mould fully promote the use of CAD / CAM / CAE technology. CAD / CAM technology has developed into a relatively mature technology common in recent years CAD / CAM technology hardware and software prices has been reduced to SMEs generally acceptable level of popularity for further create good conditions; based on network CAD / CAM / CAE system integration structure the initial signs of emerging, and it will solve the traditional mixed CAD / CAM system can not meet the actual production process requirements of the division of collaboration; CAD / CAM software will gradually improve intelligence plastic parts and the 3-D mold design and prototyping process 3-D analysis will be in our plastic mould industries play an increasingly important role. 3, promote the use of hot runner technology, gas-assisted injection molding technology and high-pressure injection molding technology. Using hot runner mould technology can improve the productivity and quality of parts and plastic parts can be substantial savings of raw materials and energy conservation, extensive application of this technology is a big plastic mould changes. Hot Runner components formulate national standards, and actively produce cheap high-quality components, the development of hot runner mold is the key. Gas-assisted injection molding product quality can be guaranteed under the premise of substantially lower cost. Currently in the automotive and appliance industries gradually promote the use of the Chiang Kai-shek. Gas-assisted injection molding of the ordinary than the traditional injection of more parameters need to identify and control, and its more commonly used in large, complex products, mold design and control more difficult, therefore, the development of gas-assisted molding flow analysis software It seems very important. On the other hand in order to ensure precision plastic parts to continue to study the development of technology and high-pressure injection molding and injection-compression molding mould and die technology is also very important. 4, the development of new plastics molding technology and rapid economic mold. To adapt to more variety, less volume of production. 5, and improve standardization of plastic mould standard parts usage. China's mold and die level of standard parts standardization still low, the gap between the large and foreign, to a certain extent constraining the development of industries in our country die, die to improve quality and reduce manufacturing costs Die, Die standard parts to vigorously promote the application. To this end, first of all, to formulate a unified national standards, and in strict accordance with the standards of production, secondly it is necessary to gradually scale production, to improve the commercialization of the standard of quality, and reduce costs; again it is necessary to further increase the standard specifications of varieties. 6, Die application quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology for improving the quality of life and mold it is necessary. 7, research and application of high-speed die measurement technology and reverse engineering. CMM-use 3D scanner or reverse engineering is the realization of plastic moulds CAD / CAM one of the key technologies. Research and Application of diversity, adjustment, cheap detection equipment is to achieve the necessary precondition for reverse engineering. 塑料模具的發(fā)展 我國塑料模工業(yè)從起步到現(xiàn)在，歷經(jīng)半個多世紀，有了很大發(fā)展，模具水平有了較大提高。在大型模具方面已能生產(chǎn)48英寸大屏幕彩電塑殼注射模具、6.5kg大容量洗衣機全套塑料模具以及汽車保險杠和整體儀表板等塑料模具;精密塑料模具方面，已能生產(chǎn)照相機塑料件模具、多型腔小模數(shù)齒輪模具及塑封模具。如天津津榮天和機電有限公司和煙臺北極星I.K模具有限公司制造的多腔VCD和DVD齒輪模具，所生產(chǎn)的這類齒輪塑件的尺寸精度、同軸度、跳動等要求都達到了國外同類產(chǎn)品的水平，而且還采用最新的齒輪設計軟件，糾正了由于成型收縮造成的齒形誤差，達到了標準漸開線齒形要求。還能生產(chǎn)厚度僅為0.08mm的一模兩腔的航空杯模具和難度較高的塑料門窗擠出模等等。注塑模型腔制造精度可達0.02～0.05mm，表面粗糙度Ra0.2μm，模具質(zhì)量、壽命明顯提高了，非淬火鋼模壽命可達10～30萬次，淬火鋼模達50～1000萬次，交貨期較以前縮短，但和國外相比仍有較大差距，具體數(shù)據(jù)見表一。 ??? 成型工藝方面，多材質(zhì)塑料成型模、高效多色注射模、鑲件互換結(jié)構(gòu)和抽芯脫模機構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新設計方面也取得較大進展。氣體輔助注射成型技術的使用更趨成熟，如青島海信模具有限公司、天津通信廣播公司模具廠等廠家成功地在29～34英寸電視機外殼以及一些厚壁零件的模具上運用氣輔技術，一些廠家還使用了C-MOLD氣輔軟件，取得較好的效果。如上海新普雷斯等公司就能為用戶提供氣輔成型設備及技術。熱流道模具開始推廣，有的廠采用率達20%以上，一般采用內(nèi)熱式或外熱式熱流道裝置，少數(shù)單位采用具有世界先進水平的高難度針閥式熱流道裝置，少數(shù)單位采用具有世界先進水平的高難度針閥式熱流道模具。但總體上熱流道的采用率達不到10%，與國外的50～80%相比，差距較大。 ??? 在制造技術方面，CAD/CAM/CAE技術的應用水平上了一個新臺階，以生產(chǎn)家用電器的企業(yè)為代表，陸續(xù)引進了相當數(shù)量的CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)，如美國EDS的UGⅡ、美國ParametricTechnology公司的Pro/Emgineer、美國CV公司的CADS5、英國Deltacam公司的DOCT5、日本HZS公司的CRADE、以色列公司的Cimatron、美國AC-Tech公司的C-Mold及澳大利亞Moldflow公司的MPA塑模分析軟件等等。這些系統(tǒng)和軟件的引進，雖花費了大量資金，但在我國模具行業(yè)中，實現(xiàn)了CAD/CAM的集成，并能支持CAE技術對成型過程，如充模和冷卻等進行計算機模擬，取得了一定的技術經(jīng)濟效益，促進和推動了我國模具CAD/CAM技術的發(fā)展。近年來，我國自主開發(fā)的塑料模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)有了很大發(fā)展，主要有北航華正軟件工程研究所開發(fā)的CAXA系統(tǒng)、華中理工大學開發(fā)的注塑模HSC5.0系統(tǒng)及CAE軟件等，這些軟件具有適應國內(nèi)模具的具體情況、能在微機上應用且價格較低等特點，為進一步普及模具CAD/CAM技術創(chuàng)造了良好條件。 近年來，國內(nèi)已較廣泛地采用一些新的塑料模具鋼，如:P20、3Cr2Mo、PMS、SMⅠ、SMⅡ等，對模具的質(zhì)量和使用壽命有著直接的重大的影響，但總體使用量仍較少。塑料模標準模架、標準推桿和彈簧等越來越廣泛地得到應用，并且出現(xiàn)了一些國產(chǎn)的商品化的熱流道系統(tǒng)元件。但目前我國模具標準化程度和商品化程度一般在30%以下，和國外先進工業(yè)國家已達到70%-80%相比，仍有很大差距。表一、國內(nèi)外塑料模具技術比較表?項目國外國內(nèi)注塑模型腔精度0.005～0.01mm0.02～0.05mm型腔表面粗糙度Ra0.01～0.05μmRa0.20μm非淬火鋼模具壽命10～60萬次10～30萬次淬火鋼模具壽命160～300萬次50～100萬次熱流道模具使用率80%以上總體不足10%標準化程度70～80%小于30%中型塑料模生產(chǎn)周期一個月左右2～4個月在模具行業(yè)中的占有量30～40%25～30%據(jù)有關方面預測，模具市場的總體趨熱是平穩(wěn)向上的，在未來的模具市場中，塑料模具的發(fā)展速度將高于其它模具，在模具行業(yè)中的比例將逐步提高。隨著塑料工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，對塑料模具提出越來越高的要求是正常的，因此，精密、大型、復雜、長壽命塑料模具的發(fā)展將高于總量發(fā)展速度。同時，由于近年來進口模具中，精密、大型、復雜、長壽命模具占多數(shù)，所以，從減少進口、提高國產(chǎn)化率角度出發(fā)，這類高檔模具在市場上的份額也將逐步增大。建筑業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，使各種異型材擠出模具、PVC塑料管材管接頭模具成為模具市場新的經(jīng)濟增長點，高速公路的迅速發(fā)展，對汽車輪胎也提出了更高要求，因此子午線橡膠輪胎模具，特別是活絡模的發(fā)展速度也將高于總平均水平;以塑代木，以塑代金屬使塑料模具在汽車、摩托車工業(yè)中的需求量巨大;家用電器行業(yè)在“十五”期間將有較大發(fā)展，特別是電冰箱、空調(diào)器和微波爐等的零配件的塑料模需求很大;而電子及通訊產(chǎn)品方面，除了彩電等音像產(chǎn)品外，筆記本電腦和網(wǎng)機頂盒將有較大發(fā)展，這些都是塑料模具市場的增長點。二、我國塑料模具工業(yè)和技術今后的主要發(fā)展方向?qū)?1、提高大型、精密、復雜、長壽命模具的設計制造水平及比例。這是由于塑料模成型的制品日漸大型化、復雜化和高精度要求以及因高生產(chǎn)率要求而發(fā)展的一模多控所致。?2、在塑料模設計制造中全面推廣應用CAD/CAM/CAE技術。CAD/CAM技術已發(fā)展成為一項比較成熟的共性技術，近年來模具CAD/CAM技術的硬件與軟件價格已降低到中小企業(yè)普遍可以接受的程度，為其進一步普及創(chuàng)造了良好的條件;基于網(wǎng)絡的CAD/CAM/CAE一體化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)初見端倪，其將解決傳統(tǒng)混合型CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)無法滿足實際生產(chǎn)過程分工協(xié)作要求的問題;CAD/CAM軟件的智能化程度將逐步提高;塑料制件及模具的3D設計與成型過程的3D分析將在我國塑料模具工業(yè)中發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。3、推廣應用熱流道技術、氣輔注射成型技術和高壓注射成型技術。采用熱流道技術的模具可提高制件的生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量，并能大幅度節(jié)省塑料制件的原材料和節(jié)約能源，所以廣泛應用這項技術是塑料模具的一大變革。制訂熱流道元器件的國家標準，積極生產(chǎn)價廉高質(zhì)量的元器件，是發(fā)展熱流道模具的關鍵。氣體輔助注射成型可在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的前提下，大幅度降低成本。目前在汽車和家電行業(yè)中正逐步推廣使用。氣體輔助注射成型比傳統(tǒng)的普通注射工藝有更多的工藝參數(shù)需要確定和控制，而且其常用于較復雜的大型制品，模具設計和控制的難度較大，因此，開發(fā)氣體輔助成型流動分析軟件，顯得十分重要。另一方面為了確保塑料件精度，繼續(xù)研究發(fā)展高壓注射成型工藝與模具以及注射壓縮成型工藝與模具也非常重要。?4、開發(fā)新的塑料成型工藝和快速經(jīng)濟模具。以適應多品種、少批量的生產(chǎn)方式。5、提高塑料模標準化水平和標準件的使用率。我國模具標準件水平和模具標準化程度仍較低，與國外差距甚大，在一定程度上制約著我國模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，為提高模具質(zhì)量和降低模具制造成本，模具標準件的應用要大力推廣。為此，首先要制訂統(tǒng)一的國家標準，并嚴格按標準生產(chǎn);其次要逐步形成規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、提高商品化程度、提高標準件質(zhì)量、降低成本;再次是要進一步增加標準件規(guī)格品種。6、應用優(yōu)質(zhì)模具材料和先進的表面處理技術對于提高模具壽命和質(zhì)量顯得十分必要。7、研究和應用模具的高速測量技術與逆向工程。采用三坐標測量儀或三坐標掃描儀實現(xiàn)逆向工程是塑料模CAD/CAM的關鍵技術之一。研究和應用多樣、調(diào)整、廉價的檢測設備是實現(xiàn)逆向工程的必要前提。 ??