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LectureⅠABriefIntroductiontoEnglishLiterature,,TheOriginofEnglishLiterature,TheEnglishBibleThefirstcompleteEnglishBiblewastranslatedbyJohnWycliffeandhisfollowers.In1611AuthorizedVersionappeared,madeundertheauspicesofJamesIandsowassometimescalledtheKingJamesBible.About93percentofthe6,000wordsusedinitarethemainwordsofnativeEnglishTheGreekandRomanMythology,LiteraturebeforeShakespeare,TheSongofBeowulf(writtenatthebeginningofthe10thcentury)：NationalepicoftheEnglishpeoplewithover3,000linesIntroduction:Hrothgar,Heorot,Grendel,She-Monster,firedrake,RomanConquestEffects:thebringingofRomancivilizationtoEngland;thegrowthofnationality;thenewlanguageandliterature,TheRomance,ThemostprevailingkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwastheromance.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Thecentralcharacterofromanceswastheknight,amanofnoblebirthskilledintheuseofweapons.Hewascommonlydescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,takingpartintournaments,orfightingforhislordinbattle.Hewasdevotedtothechurchandtheking.Thecodeofmannersandmoralsofaknightisknownaschivalry.,LiteraturebeforeShakespeare,KingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable;SirGawainandtheGreenKnightTheEnglishBalladsTheRobinHoodBalladsGeoffreyChaucerHisworks:AboutFrench:RomanceoftheRoseAboutItalian;TroilusandCressieAboutEnglish:theCanterburyTales,TheEnglishRenaissance,startedinItaly,painting,sculptureandliterature----spreadtotherestofEuropeRepresentativehumanistsThomasMoreandhisUtopiaFrancisBacon(1561-1626)ChristopherMarlowe(1564-93)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616),The17thCentury(ThePeriodoftheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution),JohnMiltonShorterpoems:L’Allegro,IlPenseroso,Lycidas,ComusPamphlets:AreopagiticaorspeechforthelibertyofUnlicensedPrinting,Eikonoklastes;DefensefortheEnglishPeopleOnHisDeceasedWife(1658)ParadiseLostandParadiseRegainedJohnBunyan:ThePilgrimsProgress,The18thCenturyTheEnlightenment,TheRiseoftheEnglishNovelAdventurenovels:Defoe’s“RobinsonCrusoe”wasoneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealisticnovel.T.G.Smollet:TheAdventurespfRoderickRandom;TheAdventuresofPeregrinePickleSamuelRichardson:Pamela,Clarissa;TheHistoryofSirCharlesGrandisonJonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravelsOliverGoldsmith:TheVicarofWakefield,The18thCenturyTheEnlightenment,SentimentalismLaurenceSterne:TristramShandy,SentimentalJourneyThomasGray:Elegy,WritteninaCountryChurchyardO.Goldsmith:TheDesertedVillageGeorgeGrabble:TheVillage,The18thCenturyTheEnlightenment,GothicNovelsHoraceWalpole:TheCastleofOtrantoAnnRadcliff:TheMysteriesofUdolphoAddison,Steele(TheSpectator)andPopebelongedtotheschoolofclassicism,The18thCenturyTheEnlightenment,DramaandSheridan:ASchoolforScandalWilliamBlack:SongsofInnocence,SongsofExperienceRobertBurns:PoemsChieflyinScottishDialect,RomanticisminEngland,DefinitionamovementintheliteratureofvirtuallyeverycountryofEurope,theUnitedStates,andLatinAmericathatlastedfromabout1750toabout1870,characterizedbyrelianceontheimaginationandsubjectivityofapproach,freedomofthoughtandexpression,andanidealizationofnature.Thetermromanticfirstappearedin18th-centuryEnglishandoriginallymeant“romancelike”thatis,resemblingthefancifulcharacterofmedievalromances.,RomanticisminEngland,PassiveRomanistsWilliamWordsworth:LyricalBalladsSamuelTaylorColeridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner,KublaKhanRobertSouthey:JoanofArc,WatTyler,TheFallofRobespierce,AVisionofJudgement,RomanticisminEngland,ActiveRomanistsByron:ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage,DonJuanShelley:QueenMab,TheRevoltofIslam,PrometheisUnbound,TheMasqueofAnarchyKeats:Isabella,TheEveofSt.Agnes,Lamia,RomanticisminEngland,ProseCharlesLamb:TheEssaysofEliaWilliamHazlitt:TheSpiritoftheAge,TheCharactersofShakespeare’sPlays,TableTalkHenryJamesLeighHunt:ImaginationandFancy,WitandHumorThomasDeQuincey:TheConfessionsofanEnglishOpium-EaterWaltScott:ThelayoftheLastMinstrel,TheLadyoftheLake,Waverley,RobRoy,Ivanhoe,TheVictorianAge(CriticalRealism),SocialBackgroundThePassageofthePoorLawChartistMovementCriticalRealism:thecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandgreatartisticskillthechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.,TheVictorianAge(CriticalRealism),CharlesDickens:DavidCoopperfield,OliverTwist,AtaleoftwocitiesThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,ThePickwickPapersBleakHouseTheOldCuriosityShop,,LittleDorrit,GreatExpectations,OurMutualFriendWilliamMakepeaceThackeray:VanityFair,TheVictorianAge(CriticalRealism),GeorgeEliot:TheEssenceofChristianity,ScenesofClericallife,AdamBede,TheMillontheFloss,SilasMarner,MiddleMarchJaneAusten:NorthangerAbbey,SenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,MansfieldPark,Emma,Persuasion,TheVictorianAge(CriticalRealism),BronteSistersCharlotteEmily:PoemsbyCurrer,EllisandActonBell,Professor,JaneEyre,Shirley,VilletteAnne:AgnesGrey,TheTenantoftheWildfellHallEmily:WutheringHeightsQuotations:Nocowardsoulismine,notrembleintheworld’sstorm-troubledsphere;IseeHeaven’sgloriesshine,andfaithshinesequalmarmingmefromfear.,TheVictorianAge(Poems),Alfred,LordTennysonQuotations:andthestatelyshipsgoonTotheirhavenunderthehill;ButOforthetouchofavanishedhand,Andthesoundofavoicethatisstill-------Break,Break,Break,TheVictorianAge(Poems),RobertBrowningDramaticmonologueShehadahearthowshallIsay?toosoonmadeglad,Tooeasilyimpressed;shelikedwhateverShelookedon,andherlookswenteverywhere-------MyLastDuchessGod’sintheheaven---All’srightwiththeworld!--------PippaPasses,TheVictorianAge(Poems),ElizabethBarrettBrowningHowdoIlovethee?Letmecounttheways.IlovetheetothedepthandbreadthandheightMysoulcanreach,whenfeelingoutofsightFortheendsofthelevelofeveryday’sMostquietneed,bysunandcandlelight.----SonnetsfromthePortuguese,TheVictorianAge(LiteraryTrends),NaturalismNaturalismisaliterarytrendprevailinginEurope,especiallyinFranceandGermany,inthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Accordingtothetheoryofnaturalism,literaturemustbetruetolifeandexactlyreproducereallife,includingallitsdetailswithoutanyselection.Naturalistwritersusuallywriteaboutthelivesofthepoorandoppressed,ortheslumlife,butgivingallthedetailsoflifewithoutdiscrimination,theycanonlyrepresenttheexternalappearanceinsteadoftheinneressenceofreallife.GeorgeGissing-----NewGrubStreet,CharlesDickens:ACriticalStudy,TheVictorianAge(LiteraryTrends),Neo-Romanticism:itisaliterarytrend,whichlaysemphasisupontheinventionofexcitingadventuresandfascinatingstoriestoentertainthereadingpublic.RobertLouisStevenson:TreasureIsland,Kidnapped,TheBlackArrow,TheMasterofBallantrae,StrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.Hyde,TheVictorianAge(LiteraryTrends),Aestheticism:OscarWilde;fairystoriesTheHappyPrinceandOtherTales,AHouseofPomegranatesNovelThePictureofDorianGrayComediesLadyWindermere’sfan,AwomanofNoImportance,AnIdealHusband,TheImportanceofBeingEarnest,20thcenturyliterature,HistoricalandsocialbackgroundColonialexpansion,theBritishEmpiretheleadingimperialistLabororganizations:theSocial-DemocraticFederation,theFabianSociety,theIndependentLaborPartyWorldWarⅠ,WorldWarⅡ,20thcenturyliterature(Realists),SamuelButler:Erewhon,ErewhonRevisitedGeorgeMeredith:TheEgoisHerbertGeorgeWells:TheTimeMachineThomasHardy:UndertheGreenwoodTree,FarfromtheMaddingCrowd,TheReturnoftheNative,ThemayorofCasterbridge,TessoftheD’Urbervilles,JudetheObscure,20thcenturyliterature(realists),JohnGalsworthy:TheIslandofPharisees,TheManofProperty,InChancery,TheForsyteSagaRudyardKipling:theWhiteMan’sBurden,Kim,TheJungleBookArnoldBennett:NovelsoftheFiveTowns,TheOldWives’TaleJosephConrad:LordJim,Nostromo,Youth,Patna,20thcenturyliterature(realists),HenryJames:DaisyMiller,ThePortraitofaLady,TheWingsoftheDove,TheAmbassadors,TheGoldenBowl(Plays)GeorgeBernardShaw:Widowers’Houses,Mrs.Warren’sProfession,TheDevil’sDisciple,ManandSuperman,MajorBarbara,Heartbreakhouse,TheAppleCart,20thcenturyliterature,ModernisminPoetryT.S.Eliot:TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock,TheWastLand,FourQuartersThePsychologicalFictionD.H.Lawrence:SonsandLovers,TheRainbow,WomeninLove,LadyChatterley’sLover,20thcenturyliterature,TheStreamofConsciousnessSchoolofNovelVirginiaWoolf:TheVoyageOut,NightandDay,Mrs.Dalloway,TotheLighthouse,Orlando,TheWaves,BetweentheActsJamesJoyce:APortraitoftheArtistasAyoungMan,Ulysses,FinnegansWake,