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1、Discovering useful words and expressionsFind out the words in the text and judge how they have been used.WordsDefinitions1 or 21.to jump into the water head first2.a graceful jump into the water head first1.to see something happen2.someone who sees a crime or an accident1.a short time when someone s

2、tops speaking2.to stop doing something for a short time1.a strong wish2.to strongly suggest someone do somethingdivewitnesspauseurgedrag1 11 12 22 22 21學(xué)校課堂Key to Ex.2.1.anecdotes2.Teamwork 3.conservation4.opposite5.abandonKey to Ex.3.When I was young,my parents like jogging on the beach.So we used

3、to visit the seaside on our _ holiday.We always stayed in _ close to the _ because my parents had a good _ with the owner of the hotel.We also went snorkeling each time and would _ under the waves to see the colorful fish.As I grew older I was allowed to go to greater _ and further out beyond the ba

4、y.There I saw small _ as they swam lazily around the sea bottom.One day I _ how they would pursue their prey swiftly,and the small fish had no time to _ away.I wanted to _ and warn the poor fish but that was impossible underwater.Thank God it was;otherwise,I might have been swallowed instead!annuala

5、ccommodationshorerelationshipdivedepthssharkswitnessedfleeyell2學(xué)校課堂Discovering useful structuresKey to Ex.1.1.I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.2.animal opposite us throwing itself and then crashing down again.3.I had already heard that Gorge didnt like being kept waiting4.Without pausing we

6、jumped into the boat with the other whalers and5.and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat,showing us the way.6.so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom,circling back to the boat,leading us to the hunt again.7.Using a telescope we could see that something was happening.8.I

7、 could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other9.the killer over there are throwing themselves on top of the whales blow-hole to stop it breathing.10.And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea.11.George told me,pointing towards the hunt.12.The killers started racing

8、 between our boat and the whale just like13.Being badly wounded the whale soon died.14.The men started turning the boat around to go home.15.added Red,laughing.16.urged George,shouting loudly.17.From Jamess face,I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.18.I saw James being firmly held u

9、p in the water3學(xué)校課堂Key to Ex.2.1.being attacked2.Being held up3.Being included3.Having been accepted4.being told5.Being helped out7.being taken8.being photographed9.being swallowedKey to Ex.3.Fishing net in the sea have become a serious problem.They may be many kilometers long with plastic balls to

10、keep them floating on the water,and weights to hold them down on the seabed.Unfortunately,the plastic nets are impossible to see underwater.So the term to describe them is“a wall of death”.Their advantage is that they catch fish efficiently.However,they also cause danger to sea animals.First,not onl

11、y target fish are caught in the net,but many other sea animals are found hanging there.Those not needed for marketing are thrown away.Second,nets are in danger of being cut loose by fishermen.If a net becomes free-floating,it is moved by the tides all over the ocean.It behaves as a hidden danger,kil

12、ling all that are trapped in it.So many animals being caught in driftnets make many think that it is necessary to have a worldwide ban on all driftnet fishing.4學(xué)校課堂 Unit 3Grammar ReviseRevisethe Passive Voice of the Passive Voice of ing ing FormForm5學(xué)校課堂一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。法

13、說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：例如：Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：例如：My bike was stolen我的自行車被盜了。我的自行車被盜了。何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？6學(xué)校課堂三、漢語中含有三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有人說有人說”、“大家說大家說”等時(shí)。等時(shí)。例如：例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.It was reported tha

14、t her mother died of SARS.眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that.據(jù)推測說據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that7學(xué)校課堂四、漢語中含有四、漢語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時(shí)。等詞時(shí)。例如：例如：Wei Hua was asked to come by Lin Tao魏華是被林濤叫來的。魏華是被林濤叫來的。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：例如：He was born in October,1989 8學(xué)校課堂六、表示禮貌時(shí)。六、表示禮貌時(shí)。例如：例如：You are friendly invited t

15、o come to our English party at 8:00 p.m.tomorrow敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語光臨我們的英語晚會(huì)。晚會(huì)。9學(xué)校課堂V-ing 形式由形式由“doing”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成，其否定形式是其否定形式是“not doing”,V-ing 可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成 V-ing 短短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。V-ing V-ing 形式形式10學(xué)校課堂 語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not)doing(not)bei

16、ng done(not)having done(not)havingbeen done11學(xué)校課堂當(dāng)非限定性動(dòng)詞當(dāng)非限定性動(dòng)詞-ing的邏輯主語的邏輯主語是是-ing所表示的動(dòng)作對(duì)象時(shí)要用所表示的動(dòng)作對(duì)象時(shí)要用-ing的被動(dòng)形式，包括其一般形式的被動(dòng)形式，包括其一般形式“(not)being+-ed分詞和完成形式分詞和完成形式“(not)having been+-ed分詞分詞”。什么情況用什么情況用V-ing V-ing 形式的被動(dòng)式呢？形式的被動(dòng)式呢？12學(xué)校課堂 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的邏輯主語是形式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就要用動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就要用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的被動(dòng)語

17、態(tài)。形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語、主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語。賓語、定語、狀語。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)13學(xué)校課堂1.Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.2.Being helped out by the killer whales,the whalers were able to make successful kill.用作主語用作主語14學(xué)校課堂 _ to sunlight for too muc

18、h time will do harm to ones skin.(上海上海高考題高考題 2002)A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed分析：本句中分析：本句中expose與與ones skin是動(dòng)賓是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是皮膚被暴露在關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是皮膚被暴露在陽光下，所以要用動(dòng)詞陽光下，所以要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式的被動(dòng)形式作主語，故答案為形式作主語，故答案為C。15學(xué)校課堂1.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.2.I rem

19、ember having been told the story.3.I didnt like the idea of being thrown about in a boat on a rough sea.用作賓語用作賓語16學(xué)校課堂V-ing 形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語,也可作也可作介詞的賓語。介詞的賓語。The bird escaped _ (catch).He was afraid of _ (abandon)by us.being abandonedbeing caught 17學(xué)校課堂在在 avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,conside

20、r,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,give up,put off,feel like,insist on 等后只接等后只接V-ing形式形式作賓語。作賓語。注意注意18學(xué)校課堂1.The problem being discussed now is very important.2.The house being built will be our library upon its completion.用作定語用作定語19學(xué)校課堂1.Being asked to

21、 answer the question,she couldnt refuse.2.Having been given such a good chance,how would you not value it at all?用作用作狀狀語語20學(xué)校課堂Ving 一般時(shí)一般時(shí)和和一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式;(1)He hurried home,looking behind from time to time.(2)The building being repaired is our dormitory.Compare21學(xué)校課堂Ving 的的完成時(shí)完成時(shí)和和完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形

22、式(1)Having heard this,our teacher expressed her satisfaction.(2)Having been asked to stay,I couldnt leave.Compare22學(xué)校課堂 在絕大數(shù)情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句在絕大數(shù)情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句中的主語，但有時(shí)可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表中的主語，但有時(shí)可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)示邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)稱為稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。The meeting being over,we all left the room and drove home.會(huì)議

23、結(jié)束后會(huì)議結(jié)束后,我們都離開房間開車走了。我們都離開房間開車走了。23學(xué)校課堂 It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。The heavy frost coming on,dead leaves lay thick on the ground.濃霜降臨濃霜降臨,落葉滿地。落葉滿地。24學(xué)校課堂一些動(dòng)詞如一些動(dòng)詞如need,want,require等作等作“需要需要”講時(shí)講時(shí),其后的動(dòng)詞其后的動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主形式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義,也可以用不定式的也可以用不

24、定式的被動(dòng)形式來替換。如：被動(dòng)形式來替換。如：注意注意 The blackboard needs cleaning.=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.黑板需要擦干凈。黑板需要擦干凈。25學(xué)校課堂The broken window wants repairing.=The broken window wants to be repaired.那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。另外注意另外注意be worth及及be worthy 的用法：的用法：The problem is worth discussing.The problem is worthy

25、of being discussed.The problem is worthy to be discussed.以上三個(gè)句子都意為以上三個(gè)句子都意為“這個(gè)問題值得討論這個(gè)問題值得討論”。26學(xué)校課堂1.-What made Bill so angry?-_.His girl friend promised to come at 8:30,but she hasnt come yet.A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting C.To be kept waiting D.Being kept waitedPracticePractice27學(xué)校課堂

26、2.The building _ in our school is for us teachers.Though theres noise most of the day,we still feel happy about it.A.built B.having been built C.to be built D.being built28學(xué)校課堂 3.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch29學(xué)校課堂 4.While shopping,p

27、eople sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 30學(xué)校課堂 5._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises.A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching 31學(xué)校課堂 6._ the whole story,Jane decided

28、 not to see the film.A.Having been told B.Having told C.Been told D.Telling 32學(xué)校課堂 7.He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A.been called B.called C.having called D.being called33學(xué)校課堂8.Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to

29、be left 34學(xué)校課堂1._(ask)to put on performance,she refused.2.He disliked _ (interrupt)in his experiment.3._(give)such a good chance,you should catch it.Being asked Fill in the blanks.Fill in the blanks.being interrupted Having been given35學(xué)校課堂4.I didnt mind _(leave)at home.5.The house wants _(clean).6.He came in without _(ask).7._(show)around the library,we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown36學(xué)校課堂