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1、New Horizon College English Book Ⅲ 陳超 Unit 4 Section A Five Famous Symbols of American Culture Part One: Objectives 1. To learn and talk about five symbols of the United States; 2. To develop a story by time sequence; 3. To hold a press

2、 conference on the Statue of liberty; 4. To explore the famous symbols in Chinese culture Part Two: Warming up 1. These symbols stand for … The Eiffel Towel France The Pyramids Egypt The Opera House Australia Pantheon Greece Big Ben England Red S

3、quare Russia The Leaning Tower Italy Beijing Opera China 2. Other American Symbols The White House Hollywood Movie The statue of Liberty McDonalds, KFC Barbie Country Music Uncle Sam Coca-cola NBA … 3. Chinese Symbols Chinese Musical Instruments Kongfu Confuciu

4、s Dragon Pottery Qi-pao Chinese Silk Chinese Medicine The Terracotta Warriors (兵馬俑) Calligraphy The Imperial Palace 4. Which can be a tribute to an event of historical significance? 1)The Statue of Liberty was designed to celebrate US victory in the war of independence, as a tribute to t

5、he desire of US people for liberty and freedom. 2) The Monument of the People’s Heroes was dedicated to the lives given for the founding of New China, as a token of the Chinese people’s resolve to abolish the exploiting system. 3) Peking Opera, though characteristic of Chinese people’s quest

6、for excellence in music and art, it does not meet our given criterion for cultural symbols. 4) NBA (short for the National Basketball Association) is not in line with our criterion here despite the fact that it has already been descriptive of the American culture and popular all over the world.

7、 5. Which can be descriptive of people’s inspiration? American Gothic, Compass, and Barbie Doll all shine with people’s inspiration. American Gothic is a painting of inspiration from the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, but the faces in it make it peculiar to American spirits. The compass is a

8、n instrument of inspiration from earth induction, which in turn glows with the Chinese wisdom. And Barbie Doll is the outcome of inspiration from a German doll, but now the refashioned doll has become the queen of all dolls. The White House and the Imperial Palace in Beijing may be descriptive of a

9、rchitectural styles peculiar to American and Chinese cultures respectively, but it is their special residents that make them typical of both cultures. The White House is a building where every American president in office lives, naturally it stands for the American government, similarly The Forbidde

10、n City was once a place where every emperor of Qing Dynasty lived. 6. What can serve as a typical witness to tragedies in history of one culture? Some cultural symbols serve to remind a nation of her tragedies in history. When it comes to Yuanming Yuan, for instance, we tend to think of Eight-Po

11、wer Allied Forces and the scars they made on China. Buffalo Nickel bears witness to two tragedies in US history—the destruction of the buffalo herds and the destruction of the American Indians. As for the Great Wall, most of us believe it reflects the inspiration and industriousness of our ancestors

12、, but in view of its purpose, some also regard it as a witness to our nation’s self-seclusion and vulnerability. 7. Which of the following can be seen as a product of times? It is said that times produce their heroes. If so, the greatness of Abraham Lincoln lies in his epoch that gave full play

13、 to his talents in abolishing slavery and bringing states into a unity, which in turn proved him to be a symbol of justice and democracy. Uncle Sam was born into the era of American Revolution to liberate America from Britain, thus turning him into a figure of trust, strength, and patriotism. Le

14、i Feng is a hero of times in our culture. In effect, Lei Feng was a mirror of the age when the Chinese people were full of enthusiasm for socialist construction as well as gratitude for their liberty. But the concept of times and heroes has no bearing on the birth of Confucius. Instead, he was such

15、a great philosopher that his school of thought has had great effect on our pattern of seeing things. 8. Why does the guide in the video see the Statue of Liberty as the most enduring symbol of the American culture? “It’s as American as baseball, hot dogs and apple pie” is commonly used to expr

16、ess that something owes its invention to the United States. But, while very few would dispute baseball’s origin, the claim to hot dogs and apple pie can be argued at length. Here are five more inventions and symbols that are definitely American: the Statue of Liberty, which, though given as a gift f

17、rom the French, has always symbolized the concept of freedom; the Barbie doll, which has become the queen of all toys; American Gothic, a portrait showing a farmer and his wife; the Buffalo nickel, a tribute to the buffalo and the Native American people who were killed and displaced to make room for

18、 European expansion; and finally, the image of Uncle Sam, which represents American resolve, strength, and patriotism. The Statue of Liberty stands not only for the most important event in the US history, the War of Independence, but also for the nation’s quest for the spirit of liberty, as the

19、Declaration of Independence goes, “ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. That is why the statue is ranked as the first symbol

20、of the American culture. 9.Is it necessary to conduct the patriotic education among the youth of today? Much to our distress, these years have seen a gross neglect of patriotic education in our society, as a result of more and more weight being attached to the economic effects or the material g

21、ains. According to some official reports, many of the national heroes in the Chinese history have given way to pop stars in young people’s minds. In view of the above, there is a great need to inculcate patriotism in the youth of today. Through patriotic education, young people will know more about

22、the glorious history of our nation, thus building up their sense of pride as Chinese. Moreover, young people will cherish today’s hard-earned life and draw on more of their potentials to make tomorrow’s life better for the sake of our nation. Part Three: Related Information 1. The Statue of L

23、iberty: The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France, unveiled on 28 October 1886 at Liberty Island in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. 2. Uncle Sam: Historians aren't completely certain how the character “Uncle Sam” was created, or who he wa

24、s named after. The prevailing theory is that Uncle Sam was named after Samuel Wilson. Wilson was born in Arlington, Mass., on September 13, 1766. His childhood home was in Mason, New Hampshire. In 1789, he and his brother Ebenezer walked to Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Wilson was in the b

25、usiness of slaughtering and packing meat. He provided large shipments of meat to the U.S. Army, in barrels that were stamped with the initials “US”. Supposedly, someone who saw the “US” stamp suggested—perhaps as a joke—that the initials stood for “Uncle Sam” Wilson. The suggestion that the meat shi

26、pments came from “Uncle Sam” led to the idea that Uncle Sam symbolized the federal government. Samuel Wilson died in 1854. His grave is in the Oakwood Cemetery in Troy. 3. American Gothic: American Gothic depicts a farmer and his spinster daughter posing before their house, whose gabled windo

27、w and tracery, in the American Gothic style, inspired the painting’s title. In fact, the models were the painter’s sister and their dentist. Wood was accused of creating in this work a satire on the intolerance and rigidity that the insular nature of rural life can produce; he denied the accusation.

28、 American Gothic is an image that epitomizes the Puritan ethic and virtues that he believed dignified the Midwestern character. 4. Political cartoons: Virtually every newspaper in the US, and many other countries, publishes at least one political cartoon on its editorial page. These cartoons s

29、atirize events reported in the newspaper. Often, they include caricatures, or funny drawings, of politicians, such as the president. For example, Uncle Sam, the representation of the United States, appears frequently in political cartoons. 5. Country Music: Country music is a blend of popular

30、 musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. It has roots in traditional folk music, Celtic music, blues, gospel music, hokum, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the earlier te

31、rm hillbilly music was deemed to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while country and western has declined in use since that time, except in the United Kingdom, where it is still commonly used. 6. White House: The White House is the official home and principal workpla

32、ce of the President of the United States. Built between 1792 and 1800 of white- painted Aquia sandstone in the late Georgian style, it has been the executive residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the home in 1801, he, with architect Benjamin Henry Latro

33、be expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades which were meant to conceal stables and storage. 7. McDonald’s: McDonald's is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily. McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken

34、products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. More recently, it also began to offer salads, wraps and fruit. Many McDonald's restaurants have included a playground for children and advertising geared toward children, and some have been redesigned in a more ‘natural’

35、style, with a particular emphasis on comfort and the absence of hard plastic chairs and tables. 8. The Buffalo Nickel: The Buffalo nickel is a five-cent coin in the US that bears “truly American” symbols on it, i.e. buffalo and native Indians. It was designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser and

36、 its first production began in 1913. 9. The Central Park Zoo: The Central Park Zoo, located in New York City’s Central Park at 64th Street and Fifth Avenue, features two separate areas: the wildlife center and the petting zoo. One of the most visited events at the zoo is sea lion feedings

37、 which take place in the Central Park several times per day. Part Four: Text Understanding I. Idea Catching The Birth of the Text Criterion I: A tribute to something significant in history, like the Statue of Liberty. Criterion II: Descriptive of Americans’ inspiration, like the Barbie Dol

38、l and American Gothic. Criterion III: A witness to tragedies in the American history, like the Buffalo Nickel. Criterion IV: A special product of times in history, like Uncle Sam. II. Structure Analysis 1. What is the text mainly about? The text is about five famous symbols of American cult

39、ure, telling readers these information: who, in what time, designed these symbols, what made them come up with such idea... The passage is about five famous symbols of American culture, telling readers their historical backgrounds, origins and relevant stories. 2. How is the text organized?

40、The writer organized the overall structure of the passage by listing, which means that the text falls into five parts. For each part, the writer centers on one specific symbol, dealing with it from different aspects such as who created it, how he created it, when, and how the symbol was accepted, et

41、c. Now let’s see the block diagram below: Part I Main idea: To celebrate US independence and the France-America alliance, a French artist created the Statue of Liberty, with his wife’s arm and his mother’s face as models for his creation. Devices for developing it: Time Sequence Time ma

42、rkers: In the mid-1870s, At the same time, in 1876, That same year, In 1886. Characteristics: the description of an event resulting from the combination of two events occurring at the same time. (Refer to Para. 1) Part II Main idea: Barbie originated from a German doll and an American girl, Barb

43、ara, whose parents made Barbie popular. Barbara and her brother Ken, the human models of Barbie and her boyfriend, had different opinions on the doll. Devices for developing it: Time Sequence: (Refer to Para. 5) Characteristics: the description of a result from two events occurring at di

44、fferent space. Part III Main idea: Inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, Grant Wood produced American Gothic. It was the faces of his dentist and sister in the painting that captured the world’s attention. Devices for developing it: Time Sequence: (Refer to Para. 9) Chara

45、cteristics: the description of a result from observing a static object. Part IV Main idea: Contrary to the tradition, the image of a buffalo and three actual American Indians were used on two sides of the coin, the Buffalo Nickel, by a famed artist James Earle Fraser. Devices for develo

46、ping it: Time Sequence and Contrast : The device “contrast” is used in this part to show the significance (refer to Para. 12) and the uniqueness (refer to Para. 13) of the coin. Part V Main idea: When Sam Wilson was providing meat to the army in a war, some explained the initial letters “US” as

47、 Uncle Sam. It became popular later because of a character in political cartoons. An artist created its portrait in army recruiting posters. Devices for developing it: Time Sequence: (Refer to Para. 15-17) Time markers: during the American Revolution (1775-1783), when Sam Wilson was 23 ye

48、ars old, during a later war in 1812, after the war, during World Wars I and II 1. The Statue of Liberty Time: Mid-1870s Designer: French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi Model: His wife’s arm and his mother’s face History: Celebrating US independence and the France-America alliance 2

49、. Barbie Time: 1959 Designer: Elliot and Ruth Handler Model: Daughter Barbara History: After watching her daughter play with paper dolls, Ruth had the idea. 3. American Gothic Time: August of 1930 Designer: Grant Wood Models: His sister and his dentist History: Grant Wood was visit

50、ing the town of Eldon in the southern part of Iowa when he came upon the farmhouse. What did the serious-looking face and a pitchfork imply? (a pitchfork) Serious-looking face: the solemn pride of American farmers; hard–working and diligent. The pitchfork: haying in the 19th century; masculi

51、nity（男子氣概）; the devil and farming; to echo the repeated lines of the Gothic Window. 4. Buffalo Nickel Time: From 1913 to 1938 Designer: Fraser Model: An aging buffalo from Now York City’s Central Park Zoo History: It honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the Americ

52、an frontier — the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians . 5. Uncle Sam Time: After 1913 to 1938 Model: Sam Wilson Designer: James Montgomery Flagg History: Happening to get the name “Uncle Sam”, Uncle Sam soon replaced Brother Jonathan as American’s most popular symbol

53、. Part Five: Notes To The Text ☆ New words and expressions 1. to work on an enormous project 設(shè)計一個大項目 全世界的科學(xué)家正在致力于揭開SARS之謎。 Scientists around the world are working hard on the mystery of SARS. 2. to be in love with sb. 愛上某人（強調(diào)狀態(tài)） 那些熱愛生活的人都樂于去愛人或者被人愛。 Those in love with life are r

54、eady to give or receive love. * 一見鐘情（強調(diào)動作） fall in love at first sight 3. to approve of 贊成 如果我的計劃得不到委員會的批準(zhǔn)，我的功夫就都白費了。 If my plan isn’t approved of by the Committee, all my work will come to nothing. 4. (the Statue of Liberty) to be dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay (自由女神像)在紐約

55、灣北部落成 那些為國家和人民獻身的人將永遠活在我們心中。 Those who have dedicated their lives to their country and people will live in our memory for ever. 5. to come up with an idea 想到一個主意 幸福是什么？對這個問題人們有各種各樣的答案。 What is happiness? People have come up with various answers to this question. 6. to refashion the d

56、oll into … 把這個娃娃改造成······ 這條河流荒蕪的兩岸已經(jīng)被改造成一個當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥蓍e娛樂的場所。 The deserted banks of the river have been refashioned into a place for the local residents to take rest and leisure. 7. the most famous…figure on the planet 世界上最著名的人物 世界上最高的山峰—珠穆朗瑪峰已經(jīng)被人類多次登頂。 The Everest, the highest mountain on

57、the planet, has been topped by human beings for many times. 8. to rise to fame 成名 面對困難不能打退堂鼓，而要接受挑戰(zhàn)。 Faced with any difficulty, one should never choose to beat a retreat (撤退, 放棄), but rise to the challenge. 9. to capture the world’s attention 令世界矚目 哈里?波特的故事一進入中國就引起了孩子們極大的興趣。 When in

58、troduced into China, the story of Harry Potter immediately captured children’s interest. 10. to stand alongside （站）在······旁邊 我非常喜歡這個女孩，以至于只要和她站在一起我就感到緊張。 So strong was my love for the girl that whenever I stood alongside her I felt nervous. 11. there was no doubt (that)… 毫無疑問 毫無疑問，計算機

59、科學(xué)正在全方位改變我們的生活。 There is no doubt that computer science is changing our life in all dimensions. 12. to pose for the portrait 擺好姿勢······ 這位影星人氣極旺，經(jīng)常很合作地擺姿勢和影迷合影。 The film star is very popular and she often cooperatively poses for a photograph with her fans. 13. the fame she gained from

60、… ······帶給她名譽 在過去20年中，中國積極參與各種國際事務(wù)，贏得了尊重，結(jié)交了朋友。 From its active involvement in various international affairs, China has gained much respect and many friends in the past 20 years. 14. to save her from a very boring life 使她擺脫了一種乏味的生活 這起事件進一步證實，誠實不僅讓他保住了飯碗，還得到了晉升。 This incident confirme

61、d that his honesty not only saved him from being dismissed, but got him a promotion as well. 15. to go against tradition 反傳統(tǒng)而行 任何有悖自然規(guī)律的事情都會遭到大自然的嚴厲懲罰。 Anything that goes against the law of nature will receive severe punishment from it. 16. to liberate…from… 把 ······ 從 ······ 中解放出來 二十

62、世紀(jì)六、七十年代的女權(quán)運動在一定程度上把婦女從家庭中解放了出來。 The Women’s Movement in 1960’s and 70’s has liberated them from kitchen and housework to a certain degree. 17. to earn a reputation for being honest and hard working 因為人誠實、工作勤奮而贏得聲譽 吃得苦中苦，方為人上人。 He who has endured the hardest lot(n.份額;命運) can earn himself

63、 the best chance to rise above all others. 18. to sign a contract with sb. 與某人簽訂一份合同 婚姻是男女之間簽訂的一份合約，雙方都必須忠實地履行它。 Marriage is a contract signed between a man and a woman, which must be faithfully fulfilled. 19. to be short for… 是······的縮寫 SARS是“重癥急性呼吸道綜合癥”的縮寫，但是樂觀者把它解釋成“微笑，并保持微笑”。 S

64、ARS is short for ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome’, but optimists interpret it as ‘Smile And Remain Smile’. 20. to evolve from 從 ······ 進化而來 2008年奧運會會徽中的人型來自于漢字“京”，指“北京”。 The human figure in the Emblem of 2008 Olympic Games evolved from the Chinese character “Jing”(京), referring to Beijing

65、. 21. It is said/reported… 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道…… 據(jù)說，埃及的金字塔是外星人建造的。 It is said that the pyramids in Egypt were constructed by ET. 22. …there was no/some doubt , 毫無疑問/不確定，有疑問 她是否適合該工作有些疑問。 There’s some doubt about her suitability for the job. 23. According to one story/legend/survey 傳說 / 據(jù)調(diào)查

66、他是那種按照自己的原則行事的人。 He is the one who acts according to his principles. 24. co-founder n. (L19) someone who works with you as a beginner co-author 合著者 co-pilot 合作駕駛者 co-ordinate 使協(xié)調(diào) co-exist 共存 co-habitation 共同居住 co-operate 合作 25. inspire v. (L39) give sb. a feeling of wanting and being able to do sth. good 這部書的靈感源于一個真實的人。 The book was inspired by a real person. inspire = in (向內(nèi)) + spire (呼氣) 激勵，賦予靈感 perspire = per(每一處) + spire 流汗 conspire合謀 = con (一起) + spire 合謀 r