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1、,CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH 世紀商務(wù)英語 閱讀教程 （專業(yè)篇I） 第四版,大連理工大學出版社,UNIT 1 Production and Operation Management,1,,,,,Unit Introduction,TEXT A,TEXT B,Words and Expressions,1-1,Unit Introduction,After studying this unit, you will understand what production and operation management is and be able to identify th

2、e activities associated with this topic . You can also explain what ISO 9000 is , how ISO 9000 works and why ISO9 000 is important.,,,,1-1,Unit Introduction,Check that you understand the following professional words or expressions. Most of them are common when they are introduced in general English.

3、 But they would have particular meanings when they are used to describe production and operation management. Study the list of words，do Task 1, then look up any words you do not know in a good dictionary.,,,,1-1,Unit Introduction,Professional Words except on the condition that e.g. I sleep with the

4、window open unless its really cold. e.g. I wont go to the party unless Im invited.,establish,establish v. to set up or found e.g. The company was established in 1879. e.g. The Minister established a commission to suggest improvements in the educational system.,achieve,achieve v. to attain with effor

5、t or despite difficulty e.g. He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. e.g. May our two parties achieve even greater successes in our business.,1-2,TEXT B,,,,,,10 Simply put, if you want to have a quality attitude， you must have a quality system. This is what ISO recognizes，and this is why ISO 9000 is

6、important.[6],翻譯,簡而言之，如果你想嚴格控制質(zhì)量，你必須擁有質(zhì)量體系，這就是ISO所確認的，也是為什么ISO9000重要的原因。,1-2,TEXT B,,,,,,Notes [1] ISO: International Organization for Standardization 的縮寫形式, ISO代表國際標準化組織。 [2] You can do either a Gap Analysis or follow a detailed System Development Plan. 你可以通過差距分析法或按照詳細體系發(fā)展計劃。 [3] If you follow the

7、detailed steps that make up System Development Plan，you’ll end up with a quality management system that will meet your needs and ISO’s requirements. 如果你按照 “系統(tǒng)發(fā)展計劃”的詳細步驟去做的話，你就可以制定一個滿足你的需要和達到ISO的要求的質(zhì)量管理體系。,1-2,TEXT B,,,,,,[4] Once your quality management system has been fully developed and implemente

8、d，you carry out an Internal Audit to ensure that you’ve met every single ISO 9001∶2000 requirement. 一旦你的質(zhì)量管理體系得到完善和貫徹，你便可以運用內(nèi)部審計法來確定你已經(jīng)達到了ISO 9001∶2000 的各項標準。 [5] ISO 9000 is important because of its international orientation. ISO之所以重要是因為它是國際性的。 [6] Simply put，if you want to have a quality attitude，

9、 you must have a quality system. This is what ISO recognizes，and this is why ISO 9000 is important. 簡而言之，如果你想嚴格控制質(zhì)量，你必須擁有質(zhì)量體系，這就是ISO所確認的，也是為什么ISO 9000那么重要的原因。,1-2,TASK 5,,,,,When your reading habits are good, your reading is efficient and rapid; when the habits are bad, yours is slow and unsatisfyin

10、g. When you read with your eyes only, not with any part of your mouth or vocal apparatus, reading is a visual process, and at the same time, words can be understood without “saying” them in your mind. Now read Text B quickly, then do the following exercises to decide whether the following statements

11、 are True or False.,1-2,TASK 5,,,,,ISO is an international union organization that is made up of many countries’ standard institutes. 2. ISO is a world federation which is composed by only a few countries’ standardization associations. 3. ISO 9000 promulgates quality management system standards whic

12、h are recognized in the global world.,答案,T,答案,F,答案,T,1-2,TASK 5,,,,,The term ISO 9000 refers to a set of quality management standards. 5. The significance of ISO 9000 is to reduce the quality of your products and services, and to increase the costs associated with poor quality.,答案,T,答案,F,1-2,TASK 6,

13、,,,,Try to use skimming to read Text B. As you begin to skim this text, you should read the pre?reading at a normal speed all the way through. The pre?reading often contains an introduction of the text or an overview of what will be talked about. Then from the first paragraph on, you only read as mu

14、ch of each paragraph as you have in order to discover whether it contains the main idea or any important detail. You can skip over the parts which are non?essential to you until you reach the ending paragraph, which you should read more fully, because it often contains a summary. When you have finis

15、hed the second reading, you may choose the best answer for each of the following statements.,1-2,TASK 6,,,,,1. ISO first published its quality standards in _________. A. 1987 B. 1994 C. 2000 D. 2001 2. The ISO 9000∶2000 Standards apply to all kinds of organizations in _________. A. most kinds of are

16、as B. few areas C. a few areas D. all kinds of areas,答案,A,答案,D,1-2,TASK 6,,,,,3. A(n) __________ will tell you what to do to meet the ISO 9001∶2000 Standards if you have already got a quality management system. A. registrar B. Gap Analysis C. Internal Audit D. System Development Plan,答案,B,1-2,TASK

17、 6,,,,,4. ISO 9000 is important because of its ________ orientation. A. international B. national C. domestic D. all of the above 5. Many People __________ emphasize motivational and attitudinal factors. A. doubtfully B. strongly C. wrongly D. correctly,答案,A,答案,C,1-2,TASK 7,,,,,When you

18、 want to express an idea or describe an action or a state of mind exactly, you often have to search through words similar in meaning and association to find the one which fits better than any of the others. Such careful choice is an essential part of effective writing. Study each sentence below and

19、choose the more precise of the two words correctly and fill in the blanks with your choices. Change the form where necessary.,1-2,TASK 7,,,,,1. update, upgrade We need to _________________ the pay and status of teachers. The data was _________________ to include the newest developments in the field.

20、 2. certificate, license This is a marriage _________________ which was issued 79 years ago. He can obtain a driver’s _________________ now. 3. assure, certify We book early to _________________ ourselves of seats. I _________________ that he has received your money.,,upgrade,,updated,,certificate,,

21、license,,assure,,certify,1-2,TASK 7,,,,,4. register, enroll I _________________ the child in the kindergarten. A trademark _________________ in China will not be legally protected in another country. 5. direction, orientation We must _________________ our products to the needs of the market. Which _

22、________________ does your room face?,,enrolled,,registered,,orient,,direction,1-2,TASK 8,,,,,The following expressions are often used to explain the ISO 9000∶2000 Standards in all kinds of areas. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to those given in Chinese in the table

23、below. Please put the corresponding letters in the brackets.,1-2,TASK 8,,,,,A manufacturing B processing C servicing D printing E forestry F electronics G steel H legal I financial J accounting K trucking L banking M computing,(M) 計算機 1. ( ) 法律 2. ( ) 電子 3. ( ) 制造業(yè) 4. ( ) 維修 5. ( ) 會計學 6.

24、 ( ) 印刷業(yè) 7. ( ) 金融業(yè) 8. ( ) 銀行業(yè) 9. ( ) 加工業(yè) 10. ( ) 煉鋼業(yè) 11. ( ) 貨車運輸業(yè) 12. ( ) 林業(yè),,H,,F,,A,,C,,J,,D,,I,,L,,B,,G,,K,,E,1-2,TASK 9,,,,,Make learning new words a habit. Assign certain words to learn every day and reward yourself if you complete the assignment. Vocabulary building success depend

25、s on persistence, not on intelligence. Your efforts will pay off if you have really made one. Now fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. end up with certify apply to implement system version refer to facilitate auditor approach,1-2,TASK 9,,,,,

26、There is no easy ___________ to mathematics. Two witnesses must ___________ that this is your signature. The party ___________________ the singing of Auld Lang Syne. The school offered a ____________ course in reading. The speaker _______________ him as an up-and-coming politician.,approach,,,certi

27、fy,,ended up with,,systemic,,referred to,1-2,TASK 9,,,,,Modern inventions _______________ housework. The government is ___________________ its policy of helping the unemployed. The book was translated into many ____________and sold all over the world. The rules of safe driving ____________everyone

28、. The _______________has agreed to the account.,facilitate,,,implementing,,versions,,apply to,,auditor,In order to attain a higher level of comprehension, you’d better make your initial fixation as you did before, then move your eyes to make a second fixation, then another fixation...until you have

29、 finished the last word. Mark off each of your eye spans with a slanting line as you move from the beginning to the end. Work out somewhat as follow: You decide/that you need to develop/a quality management system/that meets the new quality standards./What is important is that as you increase your r

30、eading efficiency, your fixations will be fewer on a line of print, and your eye spans will be broader. Now, use this reading skill to read the underlined sentences in Text B, and then put them into Chinese.,1-2,TASK 10,,,,ISO代表的是國際標準化組織。ISO（國際標準化組織）是由各國標準化協(xié)會組成的世界聯(lián)盟。ISO 9000系指一套質(zhì)量管理標準。 (2) 如果你已經(jīng)有了質(zhì)量

31、管理體系，而且你對其運作方式還滿意，那么我們建議你采用差距分析法來升級到新的ISO 9001 2000 質(zhì)量管理標準。為了達到ISO 9001 2000質(zhì)量管理標準，差距分析法將確切地告訴你需要做什么。它將幫助你確定新的ISO標準與你的公司之間的差距。一旦你了解了差距在哪里，你就可以采取措施去彌補這個差距。 (3) ISO之所以重要還因為它具有系統(tǒng)性。在這個領(lǐng)域的許多人錯誤地強調(diào)動機和態(tài)度方面的因素。他們永遠達不到別的企業(yè)可能達到的質(zhì)量標準。除非你通過創(chuàng)建一個質(zhì)量體系來確立質(zhì)量觀，否則你將永遠無法取得世界級的質(zhì)量標準。,1-2,TASK 10,,,,Practical Reading This

32、 text is a practical reading material illustrating the stages of the book production process. The purpose of this text is to draw your attention to the stages involved in typical business operations. In particular, in this step, the focus is placed on interpreting or transferring materials displayed

33、 in graphs or diagrams into a verbal format, both spoken and written.,1-2,TASK 11,,,,Pre-reading The Stages of Book Production: From Writing to Bookshop,1-2,TASK 11,0 書運到出版社的倉庫 1 對校樣做最后小的改動 2 折頁，裁切，裝訂，放上書皮,,,,答案,Q Books go to publisher’s warehouse,M Final, minor corrections are made to page proofs

34、,答案,F Sheets are folded, cut and bound + cover is put on,1-2,TASK 11,3 定貨運至批發(fā)商 4 設(shè)計人員設(shè)計版式，選擇字樣 5 編輯委托作者寫書 6 編輯和作者討論完成的文稿,,,,答案,C Orders are shipped to wholesalers,答案,A Designer designs layout and chooses typeface,答案,B Editor commissions authors to write book,O Editors and authors discuss complete

35、d typescripts,答案,1-2,TASK 11,7 設(shè)計人員把校樣粘貼成頁面，作者及編輯 校對改錯 8 排字工人排出長條校樣 9 最終用戶（讀者）從書店購書,,,,答案,D Designer produces paste-up/ Authors & editors correct galley,答案,H Typesetter produces galley proofs,E End-user buys book in a bookshop,答案,1-2,TASK 11,10 書交付印刷 11 設(shè)計人員編輯畫版 12 在留出的空白處（由美工）放入美術(shù) 作

36、品及插圖,,,,答案,J The book goes to press and gets printed,答案,G Typescript is edited and marked up by designer,K Artwork and illustrations are commissioned to fit in spaces,答案,1-2,TASK 11,13 校樣變成膠片 14 作者寫書，產(chǎn)生文稿 15 排字工人改正長條字樣并組版 16 批發(fā)商給書店供書,,,,答案,P Page proofs are converted into films,答案,N Authors write

37、 books and produce typescripts,答案,I Typesetter corrects galley proofs + makes them into pages,L Wholesalers supply bookshops,答案,Now read the stages of book production again. You should look at and study carefully the following flowchart of the process and the items which are listed in the box togeth

38、er. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate sentence from the many choices marked A, B, C...and Q. Then you should mark the corresponding letter in each box to show its logical position in a well-ordered paragraph.,1-2,TASK 12,,,,1-2,TASK 12,,,,,Editor commissions a

39、uthors to write book,,,,,Authors write books and produce typescripts,O Editors and authors discuss completed typescripts,,1-2,TASK 12,,,,,A Designer designs layout and chooses typeface,,,,,D Designer produces paste-up/ Authors & editors correct galley,K Artwork and illustrations are commissioned t

40、o fit in spaces,,1-2,TASK 12,,,,,I Typesetter corrects galley proofs + makes them into pages,,,,,Final, minor corrections are made to page proofs,Page proofs are converted into film,,1-2,TASK 12,,,,,J The book goes to press and gets printed,,,,,F Sheets are folded, cut and bound + cover is put on,Q

41、Books go to publisher’s warehouse,,1-2,TASK 12,,,,,C Orders are shipped to wholesalers,,,,,E End-user buys book in a bookshop,Wholesalers supply bookshops,Text A similarity n. 相似，類似 conform v. 使一致，使遵守 Reliability n. 耐用；可靠性 markedly ad. 顯著地，明顯地 assemble v. 裝配 sort n. 種類 transformation n. 轉(zhuǎn)化 pred

42、etermine v. 預先確定 occur v. 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 accumulation n. 積聚, 積累,1-3,Words and Expressions,,,,robotics n. 機器人技術(shù) system n. 制度 auditing n. 審核 shipping n. 裝運 aggregate a. 集合的,聚合的 forecast n. 預測 dispatching n. 派工 Zero-defect a. 零瑕疵的 modular a. 模塊化的 proximity n. 接近, 挨近 availability n. 有效,有用,有益,1-3,Words

43、and Expressions,,,,Custom-designed a. 定制的 finished product 成品 final product 最終產(chǎn)品, 成品 quality control 質(zhì)量控制 facility location 設(shè)備布置,廠址選擇 inventory management 存貨管理,庫存管理 freight bill 運費單, 運費清單 target date 預訂日期 quality standard 質(zhì)量標準,1-3,Words and Expressions,,,,Text B federation n. 聯(lián)盟, 同盟 updated a. 最新的

44、 version n. 版本 facilitate v. 促進,推動 upgrade v. 使升級 implement v. 貫徹 registrar n. 登記注冊人員 auditor n. 審計人員 certify v. 保證 certificate n. 證書,1-3,Words and Expressions,,,,orientation n. 方向, 方位 motivational a. 動機的 attitudinal a. 態(tài)度的 institutionalize v. 使制度化 world?class n. 世界級 International trade 國際貿(mào)

45、易 apply to 適用于 Gap Analysis 差距分析法，缺口分析 end up with 結(jié)束于,以……告終,1-3,Words and Expressions,,,,Internal Audit 內(nèi)部審核 commission v. 委托 typescript n. 文稿 typeface n. 字樣 artwork n. 美術(shù)作品 typesetter n. 排字工人 film [fIlm] n. 膠片 warehouse n. 倉庫 wholesaler n. 批發(fā)商 page proof 拼好版的打樣，校樣 galley proof 長條校樣，毛條校樣,1-3,Words and Expressions,,,,