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1、New Horizon College English Book Ⅲ 陳超 Unit 2 Section A Iron and the Effects of Exercise Part One: Objectives 1. To learn more about iron and the benefits brought by exercise; 2. To develop related vocabulary; 3. To write an article in t

2、he cause-and-effect pattern; 4. To write a notice. Part Two: Warming up 1. Label Reading It's good for your health to check the food label before you buy. But do you know how to read a nutrition facts label? ? Do you know all the nutrients on the label? ? Which nutrients should be limit

3、ed? ? Which nutrients should be ensured? Calories 卡路里 Saturated Fat 飽和脂肪 Trans Fat 反式脂肪 Calcium 鈣 Cholesterol 膽固醇 Sodium 鈉 Carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Iron 鐵 Dietary Fiber 食纖維質(zhì) Sugar 糖 Protein 蛋白質(zhì) Vitamin 維生素 Z

4、inc (鋅) Copper (銅) 2. Minerals help the body grow. CALCIUM is a mineral found in milk and cheese and helps to build strong bones and teeth. ZINC is a mineral that helps cells reproduce, preserve vision and boost immunity. IRON is another mineral that is important for healthy blood. Liv

5、er and green veggies are good sources of iron. COPPER is the mineral involved in the absorption, storage and metabolism of iron. It is found in the blood bound to proteins. Can you help Sue to find out what is the missing nutrient? Sue is a 13-year-old who doesn’t eat grains or meat.

6、She often feels tired or sluggish. Her doctor says her red blood cell count is too low. The missing nutrient is IRON. Iron is very important. Without it, you get anemia, a lack of red blood cells. Women need more iron than men because they lose blood during menstruation. You can get iron from foo

7、ds in the grain and meat groups. 3. What are the positive effects of exercise? 1) It stimulates the flow of our blood; 2) It builds up the speed with which our brains react to things around; 3) It improves our health conditions; 4) It helps foster our ambition for greater success or bet

8、ter balance of mind; … 1) Proper exercise can stimulate the flow of our blood, thus bettering our whole health conditions. 2) Regular exercise can greatly improve the speed with which our brains react to what is going on around us. 3) Good and progressive exercise can help foster our ambition

9、for greater success or better balance of mind. 4. What’s the relationship between exercise and iron? 1) The more physical exercise we take, the more iron there will be in our blood; 2) The more physical exercise we have, the less iron there will be in our blood; 3) The amount of exercise

10、has little bearing on the reserves of iron in our blood; … Sad to say, the link between exercise and iron is that, the more physical exercise we take, the more chances we stand to suffer the loss of iron in the blood. If you find no way to feel refreshed through regular exercise, for example, yo

11、u may be a victim of iron loss. And, if you are still in the dark about its gravity and go on with more intense exercise, you will invite a greater trouble. 5. How does iron leak out of our blood? 1) It leaks through our sweat? 2) It leaks through our digestive system? And its victims incl

12、ude: 1) Those engaged in intense exercise? 2) The women of childbearing age? … According to medical research, during our exercise, some iron disappears through sweat; and some other iron leaks as a result of the bleeding of our digestive system if our exercise is of intense

13、 kind. Besides, continual high-impact exercise may result in bleeding through small blood vessels in the feet. And iron may leak through some unknown mechanisms. Thus, iron loss or iron deficiency is more likely to happen among the people as follows: those who take part in intense endurance exe

14、rcise; those whose digestive system is apt to bleed; and those who already live with the problem of poor iron status, like the women of childbearing age who have a monthly bleeding, and those who are going on a fat-reducing diet. 6. How to remedy or prevent iron deficiency? 1) Take iron-fortifie

15、d foods, such as …? 2) Enjoy diverse meat dishes on a regular basis, including …? 3) Eat Vitamin C-rich vegetables, like …? 4) Take iron supplements? 5) Drink tea or coffee over meals? … To reverse or prevent iron deficiency, 1) Eat iron-fortified foods a lot, such as breakfast cerea

16、ls; 2) Enjoy diverse meat dishes on a regular basis, including dishes of red meat, fish, and poultry; 3) Eat Vitamin C-rich vegetables and fruits, like tomatoes, oranges, peppers, and dates; 4) Don’t take iron supplements, for they have side effects; 5) Never drink tea or coffee at the meal time

17、 because substances in tea and coffee will interfere with iron being absorbed into the body. 7. Do you often go in for physical exercise and what’s your art of exercising? Yes, I do. There is nothing new in my way of exercising, but there are two practices I always cling to: 1) I never tr

18、y to follow the fashion. No matter whether the hula loop or the social dancing is in, my interest in the same exercise remains what it has been. 2) The forms of my exercise change with my age. When I was in teens and twenties, I was fond of playing balls; when I was middle-aged, I turned my interest

19、 to table-tennis; and now I am getting on in years, so I become addicted to tai chi, an exercise suitable to the senior. 8. What principles should new exercisers pay attention to? Here are the insights gleaned from my own experience in physical exercise: 1) Before you take any physical exercise,

20、 you must have a clear idea about what kind of exercise is good for your health as well as suitable to your own physical conditions. 2) Once you start your program of exercise, both progressiveness and regularity become two key ingredients in your smooth implementation of the program. 3) With the am

21、ount of your exercise on a gradual increase, you should add more iron-rich foods to your diet. 9. Iron Challenge 1) Everyone needs iron to grow and stay healthy. It is found in many parts of the body. Choose one thing iron works in your body: a. It helps your fingernails stay smooth. b. It

22、helps to carry oxygen from lungs to cells. c. It helps your hair stay healthy. d. It helps to strengthen your muscles. B. Iron carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. Iron also builds red blood cells. Without enough iron, you may feel tired and have trouble concentrating. 2

23、) Everyone requires a different amount of dietary iron to stay healthy. Which of the groups below needs the most iron each day? a. infants,7-12 months old b. teen girls,14-18 years old c. men,19-50 years old d. women,19- 50 years old D. Women 19－50 years old need more iron than any othe

24、r age groups. Women need the most iron because they lose varying amounts during the menstruation (月經(jīng)期). 3) You may be iron deficient if you are a woman and _____. a. have a long menstrual period b. donate blood often c. don’t eat meat, fish or poultry d. all of the above D. Blood loss

25、of any kind and not eating meat, fish or poultry may lead to iron deficiency. 4) There are two types of iron. One is heme(亞鐵血紅素), which is easily absorbed by the body; and the other is non-heme, which is not as well absorbed. Choose one food that contains heme iron. a. bran flakes b. beef ha

26、mburger c. eggs d. red kidney beans B. Heme iron is found in all meat, fish and poultry. Non-heme iron, which is not so well absorbed, can be found in foods such as nuts, beans, cereals and eggs. 5) Meat, fish and poultry contain different amounts of heme iron. Choose the food with the most

27、 heme iron. a. salmon steak b. beef tenderloin c. chicken breast d. pork tenderloin B. Redder or darker meats tend to have more heme iron. For example, chicken legs (dark meat) have more heme iron than chicken breast (light meat). 6) You may be iron deficient if you ______. a. ofte

28、n feel tired b. look pale c. have difficulty concentrating d. all of the above D. Symptoms of iron deficiency may include: looking pale, feeling tired, having trouble concentrating, feeling out of breath, not having enough energy, and feeling irritable. 7) The amount of non-heme iron you

29、 absorb is affected by other foods. Choose one food that increases the absorption of non-heme iron. a. oranges b. whole grain breads c. yoghurt d. Tea A. Oranges are a good source of vitamin C, which can increase the amount of non-heme iron absorbed by up to four times. Meat, fish and p

30、oultry can also increase the absorption of non- heme iron. Substances in tea and coffee can lower the amount of non-heme iron your body can use. 8) People who do not eat meat, fish or poultry need to _____. a. eat foods enriched or fortified with iron b. have vitamin C-rich foods with their

31、meals c. avoid tea and coffee during their meals d. do all of the above D. Meat, fish or poultry and vitamin C-rich foods increase the absorption of non-heme iron in the diet. People who mostly have non-heme iron each day, need to consume more iron to meet their bodies' need. 9) How much

32、boiled spinach would you need to eat to equal the iron available in a serving of sirloin steak? a. 1?cup/ 250?ml b. 2?cups/ 500?ml c. 3?cups/ 750?ml B. You need to have two cups of spinach to equal the amount of iron absorbed from a 90 gram serving of beef sirloin. 10) A good way to mai

33、ntain a healthy level of iron in the body is to _______. a. eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals often b. enjoy a variety of meat dishes on a regular basis c. include vitamin C-rich vegetables in your meals d. do all of these Part Three: Related Information 1. Purdue University is a

34、 coeducational, state-assisted university in Indiana, US. Founded in 1869 and named after benefactor John Purdue, the university is one of the nation’s leading research institutions with a reputation for excellent and affordable education. Building upon historical strengths in engineering and agricu

35、lture, the West Lafayette campus of the university currently offers 7,400 courses in more than 500 undergraduate majors and specializations in the schools of Agriculture, Consumer and Family Sciences, Education, Engineering, Health Sciences, Liberal Arts, Management, Nursing, Pharmacy and Pharmaceut

36、ical Sciences, Science, Technology, and Veterinary Medicine. Programs of graduate study and research leading to advanced degrees fall under the jurisdiction of the Graduate School. For more information about Purdue University, please visit http://www.purdue.edu. 2. About Medicine & Science in Sport

37、s & Exercise features original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this leading multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a v

38、ital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields. Its original articles report on new educational developments as well as sound physical fitness practices and the treatment of sports injuries. The journal helps readers enhance their basic und

39、erstanding about the role of physical activity in human health and function. 3. Health and Fitness in U.S. Health and fitness are big businesses in the US. Nationwide vitamin stores like GNC (General Nutrition Center) and Vitamin World can be found at malls and shopping centers. Exercise and

40、fitness clubs like Bally Total Fitness and 24-Hour Fitness (which is open 24 hours a day) have hundreds of locations in the US, with tens of thousands of members paying fifty to a hundred dollars or more per month. Every few months, a new fitness craze will come along. The Atkins Diet, Noni juice, a

41、nd the South Beach Diet are just a few recent ones. You can also find hundreds of exercise videos for sale, teaching Yoga, Tai-chi, Pilates, aerobic exercise and more. Unfortunately, even with all this interest in health and fitness, obesity is becoming more common, even in children. 4. Iron and Fo

42、od 5. A Guide to Daily Food Choice for Active People 6. Seeing a Doctor bruise 瘀傷，擦傷 cast 石膏 kneecap 膝蓋 steep陡峭 precaution 防范 sedate 給

43、…服鎮(zhèn)靜劑 release 出院 medication 藥物治療 Part Four: Text Understanding I. Idea Catching The Birth of the Text Factor I: It has long been taken for granted that exercise does us no harm but good. Factor II: Thus, it is still unknown to us that exercise may result in iron deficiency. Factor

44、III: And few of us are clear about how to deal effectively with the problem. Author: The writer feels that there is much need for us to know better about it. II. Structure Analysis 1. What is the text mainly about? Exercise may lead to more loss of iron in females, which in turn produces ser

45、ious effects on their health. According to sports medicine experts, active women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem. 2. How is the text organized? The writer tackles the topic in accord with the

46、pattern of “problem-cause-effect-suggestion”. The text starts with a newly-found problem with exercise—iron loss; then follow analyses of both causes and consequences of the problem; and it ends up by giving advice on how to remedy the problem. So the text structurally falls into four parts as below

47、: Problem Main Idea: As a newly-found problem, exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. Devices: Citation (Para.2): Roseanne M. Lyle’s study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal

48、Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Cause Main Idea: Causes for iron deficiency of women: Their problem is a result of monthly bleeding, rejecting red meat, and more exercise that leads to more loss of iron through a variety of mechanisms. Devices: General-Special (Para.6): Exercise can resu

49、lt in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. (G.) Some iron …, and … Athletes … (S.) Effect Main Idea: Effects of iron deficiency: One often feels weak, tired, and out of breath; and exercise performance is severely compromised. And, once your iron reserves go to zero, you are in trouble. Dev

50、ices: General-Specific(Para.7): There are three stages of iron deficiency. (G.) The first … in the second stage … in the third and final stage … (S.) Suggestion Main Idea: Suggestions: 1) Have a yearly test to check blood iron reserves; 2) Add more iron-rich foods to diet; 3) Don’t take iron supp

51、lements; 4) Cook in iron pans; 5) Never drink tea or coffee with meals; 6) Pay more attention to warning signs. Devices: Induction (Para. 9): Known facts: 1) Most people have no idea of iron deficiency; 2) Traditional tests are not sufficient; 3) Men are not safe, if … Conclusion: Have a yearly bl

52、ood test. Part I (Para.1- 3) Central topic + Supporting details Central Topic: Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. Supporting details: A new study is cited to support the topic. Part II (Para. 4 - 6) 1 Effect + 2 Causes Effect (Para. 4): Iron defi

53、ciency is very common among women. Teenagers: 1/4 women aged 18 to 45: 1/5 active women: 80% women of childbearing age: at greatest risk Cause 1 (Para. 5) Cause 2 (Para. 6) Main idea: This part is about the causes for both iron deficiency among women in general and more seri

54、ous deficiency among active women. Devices for developing it: Cause and effect (因果法); Quotation (引言法) Part III (Paras. 7-12) Problems + Solutions 3 stages of iron deficiency (Para. 7-8) Check iron deficiency (Para. 9) Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency (Para. 10-12) Main idea: The auth

55、or makes clear both the effects of iron deficiency on people’s health and the importance of checking iron reserves to active people. The author gives his advice on how to remedy iron deficiency. Devices for developing it: Exemplification (舉例法); Quotation (引言法) Part Five: Notes To The Text ☆ New

56、 words and expressions 1. to lead to reduced iron 導(dǎo)致缺鐵 新規(guī)定應(yīng)有助于我們淡水供應(yīng)的改善。 The new regulations should lead to an improvement in our fresh water supply. 2. to bounce back (遭受挫敗／損失后)很快恢復(fù) 我們足球隊(duì)遭受一連串的失敗后又東山再起了。 Our football team bounced back from a series of defeats. 3. in general 通常, 大體上說(shuō)

57、 運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)大腦的功能，因此，通常情況下，經(jīng)常參加體育鍛煉的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)好。 Exercise stimulates the brain, so in general, students who take regular exercise achieve better results in their studies. 4. one in/out of four female teenagers 在10多歲的少女中有四分之一… 在這個(gè)地區(qū)，他很有名，以至于當(dāng)?shù)厝酥杏腥?分之一都認(rèn)識(shí)他。 He is so famous in that area that one in/ou

58、t of three local people know him. 5. up to (80 percent) … 多達(dá)(百分之八十)…, 上至… 這位影星受到她的國(guó)家里每個(gè)人的喜歡,上至總統(tǒng),下到掃地的男孩。 This film star finds favor with everyone in her country, up to the president and down to the boy who sweeps the floor. 6. to take in 吸收，理解 她聚精會(huì)神地聽講,聽懂了他說(shuō)的每個(gè)字并不時(shí)地問(wèn)問(wèn)題。 She listened

59、attentively, taking in every word he said and asking questions from time to time. 7. to be at greatest/more risk of 危險(xiǎn)最大/更大 淺色皮膚的人比深色皮膚的人患皮膚癌的危險(xiǎn)性更大。 Those with fair skin are more at risk of skin cancers than those with dark skin. 8. plus, … 而且;此外 愛國(guó)主義教育可以使青少年更好地了解民族的昨天。此外,它還有助于青少年更加珍惜今天

60、的生活。 Patriotic education enables teenagers to know better about the nation’s yesterday. Plus, it helps them hold today’s life dearer. 9. in an effort to (do sth.) 為了… 他們?yōu)榱讼葹?zāi)正設(shè)法把十萬(wàn)只母雞運(yùn)往家鄉(xiāng)。 They were trying to transport one hundred thousand hens to their hometown in an effort to wipe out

61、the plague of locusts. 10. to be liable to 可能；有…傾向 不仔細(xì)調(diào)查研究，你就會(huì)得出錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。 Without careful investigation, you’re liable to come to wrong conclusions. 11. to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency 導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化 一個(gè)月的持續(xù)高溫天氣使江西省的旱情更加嚴(yán)重。 A month’s continuous high-temperature clima

62、te tipped the drought in Jiangxi Province over the edge into more seriousness. 12. to result in iron loss 導(dǎo)致鐵離子的流失 工作時(shí)心不在焉可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的事故。 Absent-mindedness in performing one’s duty may result in serious accidents. 13. to be lost in sweat / one’s work / thought/ amazement 隨汗液流失/埋頭工作／沉思／不勝驚奇 我們

63、大家都被眼前的美景所吸引。 We were all lost in admiration of the beauty before our eyes. 14. to be associated with 與…相聯(lián)系 現(xiàn)在人們往往把愛情與物質(zhì)財(cái)富聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 Nowadays people tend to associate love with material wealth. 15. to be out of breath/ date/ tune with 氣喘吁吁/過(guò)時(shí)了/與······格格不入 在一些人眼里，艱苦樸素的精神已經(jīng)與我們的時(shí)代格格不入了。 I

64、n the eyes of some people, the spirit of hard work and plain living has been out of tune with our times. 16. to go to zero 耗盡，用完 面對(duì)我們的強(qiáng)大攻勢(shì)，敵人的士氣喪失殆盡。 In the face of our strong offensive, the spirit of the enemy went to zero. 17. to be most likely to have low iron stores 鐵離子儲(chǔ)量最有可能偏低 你越接近

65、自然，你越可能去保護(hù)生態(tài)平衡。 The closer you get to nature, the more likely you are to protect the balance of nature. 18. to undo the problem 解決問(wèn)題 解決水土流失問(wèn)題的最好辦法是退耕還林。 The best way to undo the problem of soil erosion is to reforest the cultivated land. 19. to add more iron-rich foods to the diet 在食譜中

66、增加含鐵豐富的食物 二十多年的改革開放使我們的生活豐富多彩。 More than twenty years of reform and opening-up has added color and variety to our life. 20. to produce a feeling of wanting to throw up 使人想嘔吐 這里的美景使人想放聲歌唱。 The beautiful view here produces a feeling of wanting to sing heartily. 21. to derive iron from the pan 從鐵鍋中吸收鐵離子 派克的世界性聲望源于他精湛的演技。 Peck’s worldwide popularity derived from his excellent acting. 22. to be a lot more careful／particular about their food choices 特別注意選擇飲食 對(duì)于過(guò)分挑剔食物的人，完全有必要