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1、 2013年高考第二輪復習英語陜西版 專題升級訓練十九　信息匹配（二） （一） A．Forecasting Research B．Well-known Weather Forecasters C．Severe Weather Events D．Weather Forecasting E．The Forecasting Process F．Historical Background 1． The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather fo

2、recasting.As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology，weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19th century. 2． Throughout most of history，forecasting efforts at any

3、 given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site.With the development of the telegraph in the mid-1800s，weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data.Weather forecasting was revolutionized

4、in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists.This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems.Current weather-forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numeric

5、al weather prediction.Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis.Since then，computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting. 3． The process of making a weather forecast can be separat

6、ed into three steps: observation and analysis，extrapolation（推論）to find the future state of the atmosphere，and prediction of particular variables.The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.In some cases the third step simply

7、consists of noting the results of extrapolation，but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this. 4． Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth.Accordingly，the National Weather Service（NWS）c

8、ommits significant resources to the forecast of such events.Blizzards or strong extra-tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels，with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate. 5． A number of new observing systems are being developed for foreca

9、sting purposes.These include the Next-Generation Radar digital weather radar，which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation.In addition，automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys（浮標），ships，and aircraft.The com

10、munications，processing，and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated（詳述）． （二） A．People from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature. B．Different values are against each other. C．Culture differences can cause serious problems. D．Talk and si

11、lence can be culturally different. E．Relationship building is important in different cultures. F．Understanding people from different culture is not easy. 1． Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.From the beginning，people may send the wrong signal.They may pay no attention to signa

12、ls from another person who is trying to develop a relationship. 2． Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example，business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.Even with people at work，it is necessa

13、ry to spend a lot of time in “small talk”，usually over a glass of tea，before they do any job.In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office. 3． Talk and silence may also be differen

14、t in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and started a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better，I realized that they thought I was talking

15、too much.In my own culture，we express meaning mainly through words，but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary. 4． Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems.Certainly，English and German cultures share similar values; however，Germans prefer to ge

16、t down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact，this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly. 5． People from different parts of the world have different values，and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However，if we can unde

17、rstand them better，a multicultural（多元文化的）environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other. （三） A．Necessity for developing adult education B．Early days of adult education C．Ways of receiving adult education D．Popularity of adult education E．Institutions of adult educati

18、on F．Functions of adult education 1． Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education.Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults.Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schoolin

19、g，get new skills or job training，find out about new technological developments，seek better self-understanding，or develop new talents and skills. 2． This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries，correspondence courses，or broadcasting.It ma

20、y also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges，study groups，workshops，clubs，and professional associations. 3． Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution.Great economic and social changes were taking

21、place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system.These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. 4． The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 17

22、90s，with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow.The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5． People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most fo

23、rms of employment today.For example，parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs.Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. （四） A．Not only gives us advice

24、but is free. B．We may control over what we eat. C．A new website gives us nutritional analysis. D．Eating properly does good to our health. E．We have to choose a new and healthy website. F．The recommendations are based on daily f ood. 1． While we may not have any control over our body shapes an

25、d inherited genes（遺傳），we are lucky enough to have control over what we choose to eat.And it is this choice that can make an unbelievable difference to our health and wellbeing（＝happiness） 2． Just by eating properly，you and your family can make impressive improvement to your health，weight and energ

26、y levels.What you choose to eat can also reduce the risk of many diseases that may cause early death or disability，such as heart disease，cancer and diabetes（糖尿?。? 3． Visit ,_a new website designed to help you work out exactly where your food choices are taking you.For instance，some food and vegeta

27、bles are fast becoming known as one of the most popular defenses against cancer.But are you consuming enough of them and from the best sources？Or maybe you are constantly feeling very tired.If so，there is a chance your diet is imbalanced.This is where the Formula（＝a set of principles）for life analys

28、is will help you to work out how much you are missing out on. 4． The great thing about your analyzing your diet online at Formula for Life is that it is free to everyone and it gives you a chance to look at your diet realistically.If you do need to make some adjustments，it can also show how to get

29、 back on track for a healthy life. 5． The recommendations are realistic.Formula for Life will only advise you to change your diet with everyday food.Just think—no supplements（補品），no special products—just everyday food available from your local fruit and vegetable store，butcher and supermarket.So f

30、orget speculating（猜測）about how healthily you are eating—get the facts and do something about it with Formula for Life. 參考答案 （一） 答案與解析： 1．答案：D 解析：本段主要是關(guān)于Weather Forecasting的簡單介紹。故D項正確。 2．答案：F 解析：根據(jù)本段的幾個時間“in the mid-1800s，in the 1920s，in 1950”及相關(guān)介紹，可知本段是在介紹Weather Forecasting的發(fā)展歷史背景。 3．答案：E

31、 解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps：...”天氣預(yù)報的過程可以分為以下三個步驟?？芍径沃饕榻B預(yù)報的過程是如何的。 4．答案：C 解析：本段主要介紹惡劣的天氣現(xiàn)象“...severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth”。 5．答案：A 解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“A number of new observing systems are being developed

32、 for forecasting purposes.” 一些新的觀測系統(tǒng)正在開發(fā)以用于天氣預(yù)測的目的?？芍径沃饕v述關(guān)于預(yù)報的科研問題。故選A項。 （二） 答案與解析： 1．答案：F 解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.”結(jié)識不同文化的人不是那么容易的。 2．答案：E 解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.”

33、不同的文化在強調(diào)建立關(guān)系重要性的程度是不同的。故選E項。 3．答案：D 解析：從本段第一句可以得出答案“Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.”說話和沉默不語在不同文化中意義不同。 4．答案：C 解析：本段第一句“Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems.”甚至在北歐，文化差異會導致嚴重的問題。故選C項。 5．答案：B 解析：本段主要講不同價值觀相互排斥。 （三） 答案與解析： 1．答案：F

34、 解析：本段主要講adult education的作用和意義。故選F項。 2．答案：C 解析：本段主要講adult education獲得的途徑。文中重要詞匯如“...through the use of...，also be acquired...”，可以看出選C項。 3．答案：A 解析：本段講述adult education發(fā)展的歷史社會背景。本段最后一句“These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.”這諸多的因素使深造和繼續(xù)教育顯得很有必要。 4

35、．答案：B 解析：本段主要介紹了早期的adult education 的途徑。 5．答案：D 解析：本段講目前的adult education。最后一句“Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.”成人教育課程如雨后春筍般不斷涌現(xiàn)以滿足各種需求?？梢缘贸?adult education 已經(jīng)很受人們歡迎。 （四） 答案與解析： 1．答案：B 解析：本段第一句“...we are lucky enough to have control over what w

36、e choose to eat.”我們很幸運可以控制我們選擇所吃的東西。 2．答案：D 解析：本段講合理飲食給人帶來的好處。故選D項。 3．答案：C 解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Visit ,_a new website designed to help...”可知選C項。 4．答案：A 解析：根據(jù)首句“...that it is free to everyone and it gives you a chance to look at your diet realistically” 它是免費的，并且給每個人一個機會來真實地看看自己的飲食。 5．答案：F 解析：根據(jù)句首的recommendations可知本段大意選F。 - 6 -