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1、 第四講---Unit 2 Topic 1 Pollution has cased too many problems. 初中英語 年級 九年級 重難點 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)分 【知識儲備】 重點語法：一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 1、一般過去時：側(cè)重陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系 標志詞：yesterday , last week , a moment ago，in 2013等 例：I opened the door half an hour ago. 2、現(xiàn)在完成時：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系 （注：它不與表

2、示過去的時間狀語連用） 標志詞：already（已經(jīng)）/just（剛剛）/ever（曾經(jīng)）/never（從不）/before（以前）/yet（仍然）/recently（近來） 標志短語：in recent years（近年來）//so far（到目前為止）/in the past + 一段時間 標志次數(shù)：once（一次）/twice（兩次）/three times（三次）/several times（幾次）等 標志時間： 1) for +時間段 2) since +時間點 3) since+時間段+ago 4) 主句（現(xiàn)在完成時）since+從句（過去時） 5) △I

3、t is/has been+時間+since從句（過去時） 例：I have opened the door. 一般過去時&現(xiàn)在完成時的考點例析? 例1：—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish 例2：?I______a?letter?from?

4、him?since?he?left.? A.?didn't?receive?? B.?haven't?got??? C.?didn't?have? D.?haven't?heard? 例3：—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 例4：.It _____ ten years since he left the army .

5、 A. is B. has C. will D. was 語法練習題： （A）單項選擇題 1. Little Bob did his homework and _____ TV yesterday evening. A.watch B.watches C. watched D. is watching 2. —Hello, may I speak to your father, please? —Sorry, my father ______ to Shanghai. He went there this morning. A. goes B. has g

6、one C. have been D. go 3. Though he ____ the book three times, he hopes to read it again. A. read B. reads C. has read D. would read 4. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she ______ the film. A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen 5. My grandparents ________ in tha

7、t city since 2008. A. will live B. live C. have lived D. were living 6. —A nice car! Is it yours? —No, it isn’t. I _______ it from a friend of mine two days ago. A.borrow B. have borrowed C. will borrow D. borrowed 7. —Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! —Sorry, I ____ it. A. d

8、on’t, see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see 8. The twins didn’t go to the theatre, they ____ the light music all night. A. have enjoyed B. will enjoy C. are enjoying D. were enjoying 9. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _____ in Japan last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D.

9、 would met 10. Paul and I _____ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I. A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing （B）用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)填空： 1.She’s?_____________?(live)?here?ever?since?she?was?ten. 2.Both?of?them?________________?(be)?in?Hongkong?for?ten?days.? 3.Both?of?them?______________?(c

10、ome)?to?Hongkong?ten?days?ago.? 4.?Half?an?hour?______________?(pass)?since?the?train?__________?(leave).? 5.?_________?you?____________?(find)?your?watch?yet?? 7.?---Are?you?thirsty??---No,?I?_________just?___________?(have)?some?orange.? 8.?We?_________??already?______________?(return)?the?b

11、ook.? 9.?My?father?______________?(read)?the?novel?twice.? 10.?I?___________________?(lost?)?my?watch?yesterday.? Section A 1、You could see bees and butterflies dancing. 譯：你能看見蜜蜂和蝴蝶在飛舞。 see sb. doing sth.---看見某人正在做某事。強調(diào)事件，(延續(xù)性)行動正在進行。 see sb. do sth.---看見某人做某事。表示看見整個事件，(短暫性)行動的全過程，動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。

12、 總結(jié):這樣的動詞還有---hear, watch, find, feel ---叫做感官動詞 2、The flowers and grass have gone！ 譯：花和草都沒有了。 have/has gone---已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在，不見了，消失了 我的足球不見了，我找不到它了。My football ______ _____. I can’t find it. 3、It smells terrible. 譯：難聞極了。 smell terrible --- 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 總結(jié)：系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（多為形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、

13、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。常見的系動詞:be, feel ,sound, taste, smell, look, turn, become ,get ,go ... 4、Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 譯：看，有幾家化工廠正往小溪里排放廢水。 ①waste廢棄的，無用的(形容詞) waste land___________ waste water___________ waste --- 廢物，廢料(名詞) 常用短語： (a) waste of…---一種…的浪

14、費 waste --- 浪費(動詞) 用法： waste … doing sth.--- 浪費…做某事 ② several = a few 一些 后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) there be + sb./sth. + doing sth. 有某人某物正在做某事 練習：有個小男孩正在樹下玩耍。譯：________ _______a boy ________ under the tree. there be + sb./sth. + to do sth. 有某人某物去做某事 練習a. There is no time to think. 譯：___________

15、_________________________ Section B 1、What’s wrong with you? 譯：你怎么了？ 同義句 1)___________________________ 2)_____________________________ 2、How long have you been like this? 譯：你像這樣多長時間了？ how long---多長時間，多久。謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。 區(qū)別： when---什么時間。 謂語動詞多為短暫性動詞。 練習：1) ---___________have you learned Engl

16、ish? ---Since two years ago. 2) ---___________did you start to learn English? ---Two years ago. 3、The bad air makes my chest hurt. 譯：糟糕的天氣讓我胸口疼。 hurt --- 感到疼痛(不及物動詞) 拓展：1)弄傷,弄疼(及物動詞) 2)受傷的(形容詞) 4、。The chemical factory produces terrible gas. 譯:化工廠向外排放難聞的氣味 make 和produce 都有_

17、_______意思。一般可互換。但make 還有“做”的意思。 5、I can’t bear the environment here . 譯：我不能忍受這的環(huán)境。 can’t bear sth./ doing sth. 不能容忍某事/做某事 如: I can’t bear staying up so late. 這么晚不睡覺我受不了。 6、Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon . 譯：無論如何，我希望政府能快點解決這個問題。 anyway---無論如何，不管怎樣, 一般用于句首，后用逗號隔開。

18、 Section C 1、However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to human’s health. 譯：然而，并不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一種污染并且對人類健康一樣有害。 not all… --- 不是所有的都…(部分否定)not與all, every以及every的派生詞連用時表示部分否定。 neither, none, nothing, nobody, no one等，則表示全部否定。 be harmful to sb. / sth. -

19、-- 對某人/物有害 = do harm to sb /sth 2、Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. 譯：很多生活在機場附近的人也失去了聽力。 quite a few = many 許多 quite a little = much 許多 very few 幾乎沒有幾個very little 幾乎沒有一點 3、 Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year

20、-oldpeople do, because these young people always listen to loud pop music. 譯：近來，有報道說，美國許多青年人的聽力和65歲的老人一樣差，因為這些年輕人總喜歡聽勁爆的音樂。 It is reported that---據(jù)報道 (后接that從句) 據(jù)說__________________ 眾所周知______________________________ no better than…和…（幾乎）一樣壞/差 = almost as bad/badly as… 4、It not only disturb

21、s others but also does great harm to people’s hearing. 譯：它不禁打擾別人而且嚴重損害聽力。 do(great) harm to sb. / sth. = be (great) harmful to sb./sth. --- 對某人/某物有(很大)傷害 harm還可以作動詞：harm sb./sth. --- 傷害某人/某物 Section D 1、 create 動詞， “造成，創(chuàng)造”通常指“創(chuàng)造新事物，塑造出人物、角色”等含意。 2、with 表示伴隨，引導(dǎo)的介詞短語在劇中做狀語。 反義：without wi

22、th+ 某種工具 “用....使用.....”= use sth. 3、heavy industry 重工業(yè) light industry 輕工業(yè) 4、blood 名詞，“血液” 常用作不可數(shù)名詞, high blood pressure 高血壓 5、as well “也” 常用在句末。 Eg: I don’t it as well. 【當堂小測】 1、根據(jù)句意及首寫字母提示，完成句子。 1) I have b_______ to the West Hill before. 2)All the flowers, grass and fish have g_____

23、__. 3) There are s________ chemical factories pouring waste water into the river. 4) We call a small narrow river a s_________. 5)She was still __________(虛弱的) after her illness. 6)____________(不管怎樣)，I will try my best to finish it . 7)The workers can _________(生產(chǎn)) more toys after using the new

24、 machines. 8)This factory makes _____________(太多的) noise. It is __________(太)noisy. 2、從方框中選擇合適的單詞，用正確的形式填空。 mess shame several waste pollute 1) Look！，_________birds are singing in the tree. 2) What a _________! Can you clean your room, Tom? 3) Don’t throw rubbish around. It can ___

25、_____the environment. 4) To my ________, I did worst in the last exam in my class. 5) Some homeless people live in that _______house. 3、用所給詞的適當形式填空。 1)It was __________ (report) that Liu Xiang would take part in the next Olympics. 2)Look! There is a little boy __________ (play) soccer on the pl

26、ayground. 3)Noise pollution can cause people ____________ (become) sick or deaf. 4)It’s a pity that such a beautiful lake ____________ (go). 5) People who work and live in ___________ (noise) conditions may go deaf. 4、單選 ( )1)Oh, the rice ______ terrible. It must go bad. A. smells B. t

27、ouches C. sees ( )2)--- What _____ in your hometown in recent years ? --- There are many new tall buildings. A. was happened B. have happened C. has happened ( )3)---Would you like to go out for a picnic with us? ---____ , but I have a lot of things to do .

28、A. Of course not B. I’d love to C. That’s all right ( )5) I left my pen on the desk just now and now it __________. A. is going B. has gone C. has left ( )6) I ______that village two months ago. A. visited B. visit C. have visited ( )7)Trees are good for us . We mu

29、st prevent anyone from _______. A. cutting up them B. cutting down them C. cutting them down ( )8)Don’t make noise! There are several students _____over there. A．sleep B. sleeping C. to sleeping ( ) 9)---Listen, there is a bird _______in the tree. --- How

30、 wonderful. A.sings B. to sing C. singing ( )10)How long has he been abroad?-He has been abroad_____last year. A for B after C since ( )11) —The rubbish is almost everywhere ,Do you still want to have a picnic here? —_______, I hate to stay here. A Yes , of course , B Of

31、course not C I’d love to ( )12) Planes and machines produce _________ noise. A much too B too much C too many ( )13) I can’t bear the students _______mach noise in class. A make B to make C making ( )14)It is reported that the bad weather will ________for thr

32、ee days. A begin B stay C leave 【課后作業(yè)】 1、選用下列單詞并用其適當形式填空 relation, produce, walk, play, chest, once, influence, so, live, cancer 1. ____ you are interested in playing computer games, you will have trouble giving it up. 2. The boy is _____ young that he can’t look after himself

33、. 3. He is used to ______ to school. 4. I think it’s a wonderful place _____ in. 5. You can enjoy _____, concerts and operas every day if you like. 6. The chemical factory has ______ terrible gas. It should be far away from the center of the city. 7. I didn’t sleep well last night because m

34、y ____ hurt badly. 8. The questions have no ____ to his lessons. 9. What he said has a strong ______ on me. 10. The ______ has spread to his stomach. He is dying. 2、從方框中選擇適當?shù)木渥友a全對話。 Jim: Good morning , 1 Grandma: I have a cough all the time. Jim: 2 Grandma: I’ve be

35、en like this since last week. Jim: 3 Grandma: Yes . I have . But I’m not feeling better. Jim: 4 Grandma: Because the air pollution here is serious. It causes my breathing problem. Jim: I want to write to the newspaper about the pollution . 5 Grandma: Yes. I hope t

36、he government will solve this problem soon. Jim: I believe we’ll have good environment by then. A. Have you seen the doctor? B. How long have you been like this? C. Why ? D. Do you have any suggestion to the government , grandma? E. What’s wrong with you ? 1)_________ 2)__________

37、 3)___________4)_________5)_________ 3. 閱讀理解。 The earth is about 4600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35000 years but during that time we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good but more are not good for

38、the earth. Water pollution A lot of people birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result many rivers and lakes are now dead. Air pollution In big cities factories as well as cars trucks and buses are the main cau

39、se of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds. Soil pollution In order to have a good harvest most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their

40、 fields. That’s bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop. Hope for the future These problems are very serious for our future so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution our planet will become more and more beautiful and our

41、 health will be better. Let’s be greener people ( ) 1. __________________ have made the earth change a lot. A.Human beings B.Animals C.Plants D.People in other planets ( ) 2. There are _______________ kinds of pollution in this passage. A.two B.th

42、ree C.four D.five ( ) 3. Pollution isn’t a big problem now, is it? A. Yes there is. B.No it isn’t. C. Yes it is. D. No there isn’t. ( ) 4.Which sentence is NOT right according to the passage? A. Water pollution is very serious nowadays. B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes. C. Because of water pollution many rivers and lakes are now dead. D. Most of things that we have done are good for our planet.