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1、第一講---Unit 1 Topic 1 Our country has developed rapidly. 初中英語 年級 九年級 重難點 學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu). 學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合語境了解現(xiàn)在完成時的使用. 學(xué)習(xí)have/ has been to與have/has gone to的用法. 【知識儲備】 新課導(dǎo)入： 1.Introduce where I went and what I did during this summer holiday. ①.Did I have a good summer holiday? ②.Where have I been? 2.

2、Ask the students about their summer holidays. Questions are like these: ①.Did you have a good time in your summer holiday? ②.Where have you been? ③.Where has she been? 3.總結(jié)：從一般過去時描述學(xué)生暑假期間的活動開始，引入現(xiàn)在完成時，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解： ①.Li Ming went to Hainan last month.→Where has Li Ming been?

3、 He has been to Hainan. ②引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has + p.p （助動詞） (past participle:過去分詞） 4.學(xué)會討論假期生活，用have/ has been to或have/ has gone to造句。 e.g：A：Where have you been? B：I have been to the Beijing. e.g：A：Where has Lily gone? B：She has gone

4、to Wuhan. 新課講授： 一. 現(xiàn)在完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu) ①肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞 ②否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞 ③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞 ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞） 二. 現(xiàn)在完成時用法 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已經(jīng)郵寄出了照片。 此種用法與一些模糊的過去時

5、間狀語連用，如already（肯定句，放句中）, yet（否定句/疑問句，放句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never,ever等。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時也可用來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時刻，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。 He has lived here since 1978. 自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) 此種用法常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用。謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。 有些瞬間動詞可變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動詞： go out---

6、-be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead buy---have fall ill---be ill come back----be back catch a cold----have a cold 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題 一、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3

7、. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs _________

8、_____(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 話題講解 Section A 1、The changing world. 變化中的世界。 Changing是現(xiàn)在分詞，作world的定語 2、There were so many people that I co

9、uldn’t find a good place to take photos. 那有如此多的人以至于我找不到一個照相的好地方。 So…that… 如此…以至于… 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，有時可以與too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)裝換 3、have a good summer holiday :暑假過得開心 還可說：have fun/have a great time/enjoy oneself during the summer holiday 4、come/get back=be back=return,均可與to或者from 連用。 表示到某地或從某地回來。但return 不與back連用。

10、 5、There goes the bell.=That’s the bell.=The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。此句為倒裝語序，英語句子通常有兩種語序:一種主語在前,謂語在后,稱為自然語序;另一種謂語在前,主語在后,稱為倒裝語序。按“主語+謂語”這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序。如果排列順序變?yōu)椤爸^語+主語”,就是倒裝。倒裝句分為: 完全倒裝:整個謂語移至主語前面叫完全倒裝。 部分倒裝:只把助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前叫部分倒裝。 a. 以there,here,out,in,up,down,away等副詞開頭的句子,為了起到強調(diào)的作用,可構(gòu)成倒裝句,只將副詞放在

11、句首,主語和謂語位置調(diào)換,不加助動詞。 Here is your letter. 這是你的信。 這種倒裝要求:主語必須是名詞。主語是人稱代詞時,主語和謂語語序不變。 Away he went. 他走開了。 這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。 Out rushed the boys. 男孩們沖出去了。 b. now,then,just,often表示時間的副詞放在句首,可構(gòu)成倒裝句,只把副詞放在句首,主語和謂語位置調(diào)換,不加助動詞。 Then came the chairman. 此時主席進來了。 c. 表地點狀語的介詞短語放在句首,要用倒裝句式,以示強調(diào)。這種倒裝

12、句是主謂直接調(diào)換位置,不加助動詞did,does或do。 Under a big tree sat a fat man,half asleep. 大樹下坐一胖者,昏昏欲睡。 d. there放在句首時,要用倒裝句式。 在“there+be”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞有時不用be,而用表示類似“存在”概念的其他不及物動詞。如:live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。 There came shouts for help from the river. 從河里傳來了救命的喊叫聲。 There lies a large wheat field in

13、 front of the house. 在那所房子前面是一大片小麥地。 典例:—I’m not going swimming this afternoon. — . I have to help my mother do some cleaning.? A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I am 【解析】本題考查倒裝句的用法。原句是否定句,so開頭的倒裝句用于肯定句,所以排除A、B兩項。又因為倒裝句要用倒裝語序。 【答案】 C Section B 1.You took part in some vol

14、unteers during the summer holiday, didn’t you? 你暑假參加了一些志愿活動，是嗎？ ① take part in 表示積極主動地“參加”某項活動。join 則表示“參加”某個黨派、組織等。有時join后面還可跟人 構(gòu)成join sb in doing sth，表示“加入某人當(dāng)中去一起做某事”。 They ___________ the sports meet last week. 他們上周參加了運動會。 He __________ an English club during the summer holidays. 暑假期間他加入

15、了一個英語俱樂部。 Please __________ us _______ ________. 請加入我們一起游泳吧。 ② 這是一個反意疑問句。反意疑問句的構(gòu)成一般是遵循“前句肯定，問句否定”、“前句否定，問句肯定”的原則。如： He likes watching TV, _________? 他喜歡看電視，對嗎？ They didn’t finish their homework last night, _________? 他們昨天晚上沒有完成作業(yè)，是嗎？ There is little water in the bottle, _____

16、____? 瓶子沒有什么水了，是嗎？ Let’s go to school, ________ _______? 咱們上學(xué)去，好嗎？ Please open the door, _________ ________? 請打開門，好嗎？ Don’t make much noise, _________ _________? 不要大吵了，好嗎？ 2. What a wonderful experience! 多么精彩的體驗??！ How interesting！真有趣！ 這是由what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其中主語和謂語已經(jīng)省略。由what 引導(dǎo)的感

17、嘆句一般構(gòu)成為： What + a/an + 形容詞+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語！ What + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語！ 由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句一般構(gòu)成為： How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！ How + 主語 + 謂語！ How + 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語! ________ kind girl she is! 她是一個多么善良的女孩??！ ________ fast he is running! 他跑得真快！ ________ I love you! 我很愛你！

18、 _________ fine weather we have today! 我們今天的天氣真好！ ________ kind the girl is! 這個女孩真善良！ _______ beautiful _______ flower she has! 她有一朵很美的花！ 3. I’ve learned a lot from it. 我從中學(xué)到了很多。 learn…from…向某人學(xué)習(xí)…… We should _________ Lei Feng. 我們應(yīng)該向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)。 We have _________ a lot ________ them. 我們向他

19、們學(xué)到了很多知識。 4. Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy. 盡管我沒有時間履行，我仍然感覺幸福。 though表示“雖然；盡管”，與although同義，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如： ________ he was ill, he still kept on working till five o’clock this afternoon. 盡管他病了，但仍然連續(xù)工作到了下午五點。 _________ he is in poor health, he works hard. 盡管他身體不好，他努力工作

20、。 He failed in the exam _________ he worked hard. 盡管他努力學(xué)習(xí)了，但是他考試還是失敗了。 5. We also put on funny shows for a group of old people in a community. 我們也在社區(qū)為一群老年人演出有趣的節(jié)目。 put on 表示“穿上；上演”，后面跟名詞作賓語。代詞作賓語時代詞放在中間。 It’s cold outside. Please __________ your coat. 外面很冷，請穿上你的大衣。 This jacket looks nic

21、e. Please _____________. 這件夾克看著不錯，請你穿上吧。 We _________ an interesting show in the theatre last week. 我們上周在劇院演出了一個有趣的節(jié)目。 6. To help others makes us happy. 幫助別人讓我們感覺幸福。 這里謂語動詞是makes，主語則是不定式to help others。當(dāng)主語是不定式時，還可用形式主語it代替不定式，將真正的主語不定式放在句尾，構(gòu)成：________ ________ us happy ___________. “make +

22、 名詞 + 形容詞”，表示“使某人怎么樣”。如： What has _______ you so _________? 是什么讓你這么生氣？ Section C 1、She has seen the changes in Beijing herself. 她親眼目睹了北京的變化。 See sth oneself 親眼目睹 2、Big families were crowed into small houses. crowd --- 擁擠, 擠,聚集(動詞)；人群，群眾；一群(名詞) crowded --- 擁擠的(形容詞) 3、Few child

23、ren had the chance to receive a good education. few后接可數(shù)名詞, 而little后接不可數(shù)名詞,兩者都表示否定含義 a few, a little兩者都表示肯定含義. 4、People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram. keep in touch with 與...保持聯(lián)系 get in touch with 與...取得聯(lián)系 lose touch with 與...失去聯(lián)系 fa

24、r away 遠(yuǎn)方，遠(yuǎn) far away from 與...離得遠(yuǎn) 5、China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. since - 從…以來 （介詞+連詞），是使用現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞，上面句子中的since是__詞 since 后面的時間短語是過去的時間，后面的句子要使用過去時 develop 動詞,發(fā)展 developed 形容詞，發(fā)達(dá)的 developing 形容詞，發(fā)展中的 6、There are more kinds of food and clothes to satis

25、fy people’s needs. satisfy 動詞，使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意 be satisfied with =be pleased with 對...感到滿意 to satisfy people’s needs在句中做后置定語 7、Beijing has made rapid progress and it has already succeeded in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. make progress 取得進步 make rapid progress=make progress rapidly 取得快速進展 mak

26、e progress with sth 在某方面取得進步 make progress (in) doing sth 做某事取得進步 Section D 1、People like to do to relax and enjoy themselves 是定語從句，修飾things,翻譯時應(yīng)放在前面。 relax 動詞，放松 relaxed 形容詞，放松的 enjoy oneself 玩得開心，自娛自樂 enjoy doing sth 2、Chinese people have had more time to spend on various kind

27、s of leisure activities. have time to do sth 有時間做某事 have a ... time (in) doing sth 做某事開心/傷心 spend 時間/金錢 on sth / (in) doing sth 花費時間/金錢在某方面/做某事 pay 金錢 for sth 為某物付了多少錢 物 cost sb 金錢 某物花費某人多少錢 It costs/cost sb 金錢 to do sth 做某事花了某人多少錢 It takes/took sb 時間 to do sth 做某事花了某人多少時間

28、3、Many people stay at home having a rest, reading books and watching TV. having a rest, reading books and watching TV 做伴隨狀語，表示同stay at home同時發(fā)生 4、They go to visit some places of interest, and some people even make a tour abroad to see the world. places of interest 名勝古跡 interest 名詞，興趣 interesti

29、ng 有趣的 interested 感興趣的 be interested in sth / doing 對...感興趣 have / show interest in sth/ doing 有/展示出在某方面/做某事的興趣 a tour abroad 出國旅行 home and abroad 國內(nèi)外 【當(dāng)堂小測】 Section A練習(xí)題 一、用have/has gone to; have/has been to; have/has been in填空 1.—Where _____ she _______? She _________

30、the classroom? 2. “Where ______ you _______?” asked the man as soon as he met me. 3.How long ________ her sister __________ Japan? For about two years. 4. Kate and her father ___________ there since last year. 5. How many places __________ you ________since you came to China? 二，選擇題 1,Where

31、 is your mom? She_________the shop. A, has gone to B, has been to C, have gone to D, have been to 2,---I didn’t see you this noon. Where have you_______? ---The library. I borrowed some books. A, been to B, been C, gone D, gone to 3,We’re glad to see great changes_

32、________in our school. A, happened B, have happened C, took place D, have taken place 4, ---Would you like to eat an apple? ---No, thanks. I_____one. A, had B, have C, have had D, will have 5, ---What a nice coat! ---Yes. But it costs_____that I can’t a

33、fford it. A, so much B, so expensive C, too much D, too expensive 6,I have_______finished my homework when my mom came back home. A, never B, often C, just D, ever 7, ---Why not see the movie with me? ---Sorry, I______it. A,have seen B,will see C,see

34、 D,saw 8, ---Have you ever been to Beijing? ---_______. I have been there twice. A,Yes, I was. B, No, I wasn’t C,Yes, I have D,No, I haven’t 9,My uncle has__________Fuzhou for 11years. A,been to B,been in C,gone to D,been at 10,________ the boys. A, Here

35、 B, Comes C, Here comes D, Here come Section B練習(xí)題 單選： ( )1 . —He didn't go to the concert yesterday, did he?— ___. He was busy studying for the tests . A. No, he didn't B. Yes, he did C. No, he did D. Yes, be didn’t ( ) 2. She can hardly write her own na

36、me, ______? A. can she B. can't she C. need she D. needn't she ( ) 3. —Don’t smoke in the reading room, ____? 一I’m sorry. I won’t do it again. A. will you B. shall we C. do you ( ) 4. Maria has few friends in China, _____? A. has she B. doesn’t she C. do

37、es she ( ) 5. We forgot to bring our tickets , but please let us enter, ？ A. do you B. shall we C. will you ( ) 6. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how ( )

38、7. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an ( ) 8. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an ( ) 9. _______ lovely weather we are having t

39、hese days! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an ( ) 10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an ( ) 11.Wenlong, _______ your books, you must keep your room tidy. A. put on B.

40、 put off C. put out D. put away ( ) 12.The Second Youth Olympic Games have been over in Nanjing, many players from 205 nationals and regionals ________ in it. And I’m glad I ________ the volunteers. A. joined in, joined B. took part in, joined C. joined, joined D. took

41、part in, joined ( ) 13.Playing sports ________ to build us up. A. help B. helping C. helped D. helps Section C練習(xí)題 二、單項選擇 ( ) 1.The Greens ________many places since they came here. A. have visited B. will visit C. visited D. visit ( )2._____ he _____ the

42、 doctor the day before yesterday. A. Have; seen B. Has; seen C. Did; see D. Does; see ( ) 3.-When _____ the children _____ the factory? - Last Sunday. A. did; visit B. will; visit C. would; visit D. have; visited ( ) 4.They _________ the Summer Palace three times. A. have

43、gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into ( ) 5.That girl can’t be Mary, for she ________to London. A. has gone B. has been C. was going D. had gone 三、用所給詞的正確形式填空 1. The train __________(just arrive). 2. The old man _________(make)three model planes already.

44、3 .He __________(die) for three years. 4. Three years _________(pass) since he left his hometown. 5. They __________(be)here since five days ago. 6. I ____________(hear) from my father two weeks ago. 7. So far, ________ you ________(learn) over 1000 words. 8. She ___________(teach) Maths as lon

45、g as 20 years. 9. I ________ never _ _______(be) to America before. 10. I won’t go with you because my sister ________(lose) my ticket. 11. Miss Gao isn’t here. She _______(go) to the station. 12. If it _________(not rain) tomorrow, we’ll go to see the football match. 13.-Where is Tom? ---He __

46、___(look) for some information on the internet. 14. We __________(be) friends for over ten years. 15. I ______(sleep) in my bedroom at this time yesterday. Section D 一，用適當(dāng)形式填空 (1) A: you (make) your bed? B: Yes. I have. (2) I (water) the flowers already. (

47、3) My mother (work) in the hospital for twenty years. (5) Lily Beijing twice. (6)I ____ never ____ (speak) to a foreigner. (7) – ____ Tom ____ (return) the library book? ---Yes, he has. ---When ___ he ___ (return) it? ---Half an hour ago. (8)

48、 I ____ (not finish) my homework yet. (9) He ____ (study) at this school for two years. (10) –Where’s your mother? --She ____ (go) to hospital. 二、單項選擇 ( ) 1. ____ the help of the government, the poor children can get ____ good education. A. Under; a B. With; a C. Under; an

49、 D. With; an ( ) 2. ---___ he ever ____ abroad? ---No, never. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Has; been D. Has; gone ( ) 3. Though it was so cold, ____ he went out without a coat. A. but B. or C. so D. / ( ) 4. ---Hello, this is Lily’s speaking. Can I speak to

50、 Mr. Lee? ---Sorry, he’s ____ to Tianjin. A. been B. gone C. went D. go ( ) 5. Our job is ____ the children. A. look after B. looks after C. to look after D. looked after ( ) 6.Leaf is an _______ teacher, he is ________ in many hobbies. A. interested, interested

51、 B. interesting, interesting C. interesting, interested D. interested, interesting ( ) 7. Mary ____ just ____ to New York. She’ll not be back until next Monday. A. have; been B. has; gone C. have; gone D. has; been ( ) 8.I like playing ______ ping-pong, and Mr. Xie likes play

52、ing _______ chess. A. the, the B./, / C. the, / D. /, the 【課后作業(yè)】 Ⅰ. 單項選擇 從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。 ( )1.—Where are Maria and Kangkang? —They _____ England. A.have been to B.are away C.have gone to D.had been in ( )2. —How long have you been in Beijing？ —_____

53、 A.Five years ago. B.Since five years ago. C.For five years ago. D.Since five years. ( )3.I think that you have made rapid _____ in math. A.a progress B.progress C.progresses D.progressed ( )4.—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I’ve no idea. I _____ there. A.have been B. haven’

54、t been to C.haven’t been D.have been to ( )5.—What _____ to your city in recent years? —Lots of wide roads,tall buildings and beautiful parks have been built. A.takes place B.have happened C.has happened D.happened ( )6.—Does your father still smoke? —No, he has succeeded in_____smokin

55、g for three years. A.giving up B.give up C. gives up D. gave up ( )7. In the past, I often wrote letters to my friends. But now we keep in touch _____ each other by telephones and the Internet. A.to B.of C.for D.with ( )8.The family was _____ poor __

56、___ they couldn’t buy a TV set. A.so; that B.not; until C.not; but D.so; but ( )9.—_____ my daughter is only ten years old, she knows a lot. —What a clever girl! A.Because B.Whether C.Though D.So ( )10.—Have you seen my brother? —Yes. I _____ him in the library five minutes ago.

57、 A.met B.have met C.meet D.have been met 完形填空 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個能填入相應(yīng)空格內(nèi)的最佳答案。 “Thanks for our government. Thanks for providing us with such a good training program. The training program will help us live well. I will study hard and learn different skills. After that I

58、 can 16 my family difficulties and do good to others.” a learner on the job training program said, feeling 17 . The learner’s father is disabled, and his mother is 18 in bed. The family is very poor. So he has to find a job to make money. The learner graduated from high school and didn’t h

59、ave the 19 to go to the college. The job training program can help him to learn the skills that he’ll need in the work place. The story makes me think of another 20 . It goes like this: Long long ago, there was a man who liked fishing a lot, and he was 21 to catch a lot of fish every day.

60、He was a kind-hearted man, he always 22 his fish with his neighbors because they didn’t know how to fish. One day, he thought that it would be great if he taught them how to fish. So he called them together to show them how to fish. Everyone was happy as they could 23 the fish they caught by

61、themselves. Now, there are still many poor people in the world. But it’s not good if we give only 24 to them. Instead, we should give them a chance to learn new skills. Therefore, technical traning is very important to people in need and they will learn the skills to 25 money. People can learn

62、lots of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them find jobs. ( )16.A.solve B.change C.study D.find ( )17.A.surprise B.excited C.relaxed D.interested ( )18.A.alone B.ill C.silent D.well ( )19.A.chance B.reform C.machine

63、 D.report ( )20.A.learner B.family C.story D.program ( )21.A.able B.spare C.sorry D.afraid ( )22.A.shared B. hid C.gave D.cooked ( )23.A.save B.touch C.eat D.feed ( )24.A.time B.fish C.clothing D.food ( )25.A.give B.pay C

64、.make D.use 閱讀理解 When Mencius(孟子) was a little boy, his father died. Mencius and his mother were quite poor. One day Mencius returned home from school and found his mother making some cloth. It was very beautiful and expensive. “How much of the book have you read

65、today?” Mencius’ mother asked him. “I haven’t read any of it yet.” Mencius replied, “I played with some friends of mine in the fields.” When his mother heard this, she picked up a pair of scissors and cut the cloth. “Why did you cut your cloth?” Mencius asked, “It was beautiful but now you’ve wast

66、ed (浪費) it.” “You have wasted your time,” his mother said, “now I have wasted mine. Look what terrible things we have done.” Mencius learnt a lot from this lesson. After that, he always studied hard. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。 ( )26.When did this story happen? A.Not long before liberation(解放). B.More than 2000 years ago. C.About 400 years ago. D.In the 18th century. ( )27.What was Mencius doing while his mother was cutting the cloth? A.He was reading his book. B.He was playing in the fie