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1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（B）網(wǎng)考答題技巧,寧夏電視大學(xué) 楊 平 2010年5月,一、走進(jìn)“英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考”,1、 學(xué)校考試是“學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)測(cè)試” “學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)測(cè)試”是學(xué)生一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段的小結(jié)。目的是檢查學(xué)生是否掌握了所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。 2、 等級(jí)考試是“水平測(cè)試”“水平測(cè)試”則是不考慮過(guò)去學(xué)生所用教材、所受訓(xùn)練，它根據(jù)特定的考試大綱編纂試題，設(shè)定某個(gè)成績(jī)?yōu)楹细穹謹(jǐn)?shù)線。,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（B）統(tǒng)考經(jīng)驗(yàn)匯總,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（B）統(tǒng)考就是依照相應(yīng)的考試大綱所制定的“英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)試”。 “水平測(cè)試”中為了分辨出水平很高的考生，所以，試題中有一部分題是按照教學(xué)大綱中較高要求設(shè)計(jì)的。學(xué)生在準(zhǔn)備統(tǒng)考的時(shí)候往往走入誤區(qū)，以下經(jīng)驗(yàn)是值得注

2、意和借鑒的：,經(jīng)驗(yàn)1：復(fù)習(xí)要抓住重點(diǎn)，有得有舍,完型填空和短文聽(tīng)力就是對(duì)平時(shí)水平的測(cè)試，很難在短時(shí)間通過(guò)做題有所提高。而對(duì)話，語(yǔ)法，作文可以在短期內(nèi)提高分?jǐn)?shù)，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)把時(shí)間和重點(diǎn)放在這里。 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考是全國(guó)性的統(tǒng)考，走“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”的道路。所謂“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”英語(yǔ)測(cè)試就是： （1）內(nèi)容和形式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化； （2）評(píng)分的客觀性和一致性； （3）考試過(guò)程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。,經(jīng)驗(yàn)2：做選擇題時(shí)，不要漏題,沒(méi)把握的和不會(huì)的選項(xiàng)，不要空。但不要任意地選擇。 集中A、B、C、D中某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，尤其是你選擇得比較少的那個(gè)選項(xiàng)，把它用黑線劃出。,二、考前的準(zhǔn)備,在統(tǒng)考前，同學(xué)應(yīng)做思想上和技術(shù)上的準(zhǔn)備。 1. 思想上的準(zhǔn)備：應(yīng)樹(shù)立通

3、過(guò)的信心。同時(shí)排除僥幸心理。 在考前有計(jì)劃地，有重點(diǎn)地復(fù)習(xí)某些考試項(xiàng)目，能在短期內(nèi)在成績(jī)上有較快的提高，是完全有可能的。保證達(dá)到分?jǐn)?shù)線是考前準(zhǔn)備的最低目標(biāo)。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，就要把主要時(shí)間花在分項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練上。,二、考前的準(zhǔn)備,2. 技術(shù)上的準(zhǔn)備。 (1) 備一本簡(jiǎn)易通俗的語(yǔ)法書。(2) 備一本相當(dāng)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)水平的詞匯手冊(cè)。(3) 準(zhǔn)備一些水平合適的閱讀材料。(4) 備一本中級(jí)的有例句的英漢字典?？荚嚥荒芸侩娮釉~典。 (5) 備一本簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)日?？谡Z(yǔ)對(duì)話教材。(6) 考前按正式考試的程序，做幾套模擬題。,英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用技巧,這部分的試題以對(duì)話的形式出現(xiàn)，測(cè)試考生掌握日常生活常見(jiàn)情景中的基本交際用語(yǔ)的能力

4、。交際用語(yǔ)試題在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中很少見(jiàn)到。所以在準(zhǔn)備統(tǒng)考時(shí)，有必要重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)一下。 復(fù)習(xí)交際用語(yǔ)需要做以下準(zhǔn)備工作： 1備一本簡(jiǎn)單的中級(jí)口語(yǔ)書。2復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中功能性的用語(yǔ)，如：?jiǎn)柡蛘Z(yǔ)、感謝 語(yǔ)、道歉、接受、拒絕等。3熟悉西方社會(huì)生活中常見(jiàn)的情景對(duì)話，如：打 電話、購(gòu)物、問(wèn)路、借東 西、銀行等等。4熟悉西方社會(huì)人們交際的基本禮節(jié)。,閱讀與理解技巧,一、外語(yǔ)閱讀策略都要求學(xué)生不斷進(jìn)行假設(shè)、預(yù)言與推斷。即閱讀一篇文章時(shí)，讀了第一句就會(huì)對(duì)下面要講的事有一種期待，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系和現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)推斷下面會(huì)講什么。 比如：我們讀到一句話：Yesterday he didnt come to school,下面是

5、什么呢？下面肯定講的是“because”講他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)學(xué)校。 可是，當(dāng)所讀的篇章如果是生疏的，是我們沒(méi)有涉獵的領(lǐng)域的時(shí)候。我們就很難預(yù)測(cè)了。 這說(shuō)明什么問(wèn)題嗎？也就是說(shuō)：閱讀材料是我們熟悉的，哪怕較長(zhǎng)我們也不覺(jué)得難。如果閱讀材料生疏，讀起來(lái)就如同爬山。那怕沒(méi)什么生詞，也費(fèi)解。 所以，要提高閱讀能力，就要“廣泛閱讀與閱讀理解部分內(nèi)容相近的讀物?！币_(kāi)闊閱讀題材、題材的面。在中級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)階段，主要集中在人文類的篇章：社會(huì)生活、名人軼事、歷史發(fā)明、自然現(xiàn)象、人際關(guān)系、等等。,閱讀與理解技巧,二、詞匯是閱讀的基礎(chǔ)。多年來(lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫四種語(yǔ)言技能中，詞匯與閱讀的相關(guān)度最大。影響考生閱讀速

6、度的主要原因是詞匯量不夠。 為了提高閱讀理解的速度，考生應(yīng)在平時(shí)注意擴(kuò)大詞匯量，把閱讀篇章作為學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要內(nèi)容。在我國(guó)，有些英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者把學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)上，以為把語(yǔ)法學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)就好了。這是一種誤解。語(yǔ)法是語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，對(duì)于理解英語(yǔ)的句子和篇章的上下文關(guān)系都是非常重要的。但是，僅僅學(xué)好語(yǔ)法而忽略了語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)影響詞匯量的擴(kuò)大。 另外，有些學(xué)生做閱讀理解部分的題目。讀完了，題也做了。對(duì)過(guò)答案后就開(kāi)始讀另一篇。這種滿足于答案正確的做法使學(xué)生忽略了讀書這個(gè)根本目的。同學(xué)們都有這樣的體會(huì)。題也作了，答案也對(duì)過(guò)了。但是閱讀材料中講的到底是什么，讀過(guò)之后沒(méi)有任何印象。如果把閱讀材料要當(dāng)作精讀

7、來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，文章讀過(guò)了，詞匯量擴(kuò)大了，語(yǔ)感增強(qiáng)了。不僅閱讀水平提高、詞匯擴(kuò)大、對(duì)完型填空的做題水平也會(huì)提高。,閱讀與理解技巧,三、影響考生理解意思的主要原因是只注意了單句的理解而忽略了整篇的理解，或只注意了文字表面上的意思而忽略了深層含義及隱含意思的理解。 對(duì)篇章的理解建立在對(duì)句子之間和段落之間邏輯關(guān)系正確的判斷。首先，應(yīng)掌握文章所表達(dá)的主題思想和作者的態(tài)度。讀者必須理解文章主張什么，不主張什么，作者支持什么，不支持什么，作者表面上贊同什么，而實(shí)際上贊同的卻又是什么。讀者只理解單句的意思，不注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，文章真正的含義就無(wú)法搞懂?？荚嚂r(shí)，考試的題目往往讓考生選擇最佳選項(xiàng)添補(bǔ)所提的問(wèn)題。選擇

8、答案時(shí)考生特別要注意因果關(guān)系和順序關(guān)系。文章中沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案，而是需要通過(guò)對(duì)文章的理解進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)和推理才能得出。,閱讀與理解技巧,四、閱讀理解部分的考試方法一般是兩種：1、一種是先讀全文，再看問(wèn)題，答題。 2、一種是先讀問(wèn)題，事先形成一種閱讀內(nèi)容的梗概。然后再閱讀材料中找答案。找到即可。 總之，閱讀理解部分能夠“投機(jī)取巧”答對(duì)題的機(jī)率并不高。應(yīng)當(dāng)重視平時(shí)積累，多看多讀，扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地把閱讀水平提上去。 英國(guó)偉大的哲學(xué)家培根在他著名的散文“Of Studies”論讀書一文中講“讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長(zhǎng)才讀書使人充實(shí)讀史使人明智，讀詩(shī)使人靈秀” 我們應(yīng)該把閱讀當(dāng)作提高英語(yǔ)水平的基石來(lái)看待。,

9、詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,1倒裝句 . 以only 和not only, but also 開(kāi)頭的句子。例：Only in this way can we learn English well. （注意：can we learn是個(gè)部分倒裝形式）。 例：Not only did they take the desks away, but they took the chairs away. （注意but后的正常語(yǔ)序） 以否定詞no, not, never, hardly, seldom, 開(kāi)頭的句子。例：Nowhere else can you find such good quality furnit

10、ure. 例：Never before have I ever been so happy. 例：So little ____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I known,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,2強(qiáng)調(diào)式例：It is because she is very devoted to her student ________ she is respected by them. A. thatB. wh

11、ichC. whatD. who It is something (that) 而不是(which) It is Mr. Li (who) ,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,3定語(yǔ)從句 例：The company official ____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whomB. whoeverC. who D. of whom 例： ____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,4名詞從句

12、 名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞是“what” ，從句中的語(yǔ)序有變化，不同于正常語(yǔ)序?！皐hat”代替了句中某個(gè)“事或物”，而這個(gè)“事或物”(名詞)則被省略。(we once considered “something” as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible) （從句作主語(yǔ)）has now become reality. 例： ________ was not the way the event happened. A. Which the press reporte

13、d B. That the press reported C. What did the press report D. What the press reported 例： Air, or ____ is called atmosphere, surrounds the whole earth. A. itB. thatC. whichD. what What引導(dǎo)的從句可作主語(yǔ)，which引導(dǎo)的從句只能修飾名詞，作定語(yǔ)，而且放在被修飾詞的后面。,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 推測(cè) must be / must be doing / must have done 表示的是一種推

14、測(cè)性的句子。must be 一定是， must be doing 一定在做什么 must have done 一定做過(guò)什么。 Whos there? It must be Tom. 誰(shuí)在那兒？一定是湯姆。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. would + have done 表示本可以做而未做的意思。 I would have joined you if I had time. 如果我有時(shí)間，我就會(huì)跟你們一起去了。 例：Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would h

15、ave replied before now. A. must have receivedB. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive 對(duì)事情做一個(gè)判斷。,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,6虛擬語(yǔ)氣非真實(shí)條件句（虛擬語(yǔ)氣），還有其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。是必考的項(xiàng)目。 例：Id _______ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind. A. ratherB. betterC. happierD. further Id = I would would ，這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一個(gè)重要符號(hào)。

16、如：I would rather somebody did.例： The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. hadB. would haveC. haveD. was going to have 又如：It is time we went. It is (about / high) time somebody did.該干什么了。例：He talks as if he ________everything in the world. A. knows

17、B. knew C. had known D. would have known 例：I wish you ________ to me before you went and bought that car. A. spoke B. will speak C. was going to speak D. had spoken I wish sb were would d had done 例：The driver might have ______the accident if he had had his headlights on.A. missed B. avoided C. stop

18、ped D. dismissed,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,7分詞_______ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B. Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,8獨(dú)立主格 當(dāng)伴隨的情況中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，伴隨情況從句要：帶有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)， 邏輯主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)部分不同于一般的動(dòng)詞，而使用分詞(-ing 或-ed)。 不要連詞。 比較： Because my mother is sick, I cannot a

19、ttend the conference. My mother being sick, I cannot attend the conference. Because my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference. My arm injured, I cannot attend the conference. ______, we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It bein

20、g pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late （時(shí)間已晚），我們決定立即動(dòng)身，因?yàn)槲覀儾幌脲e(cuò)過(guò)這班公交車。 題中原句的意思是： it is pretty late, 用來(lái)說(shuō)明我們?yōu)槭裁匆⒓磩?dòng)身的理由，有三種辦法表達(dá)這種意思： 用原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Since it is pretty late, we decided to 分兩句講：It is pretty late. We decided to 用獨(dú)立主格：It (指時(shí)間) being pretty late, we decided to ,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,9.

21、 帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞 例1：Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, ________ she belonged. A. which B. to where C. to which D. at which 例2：The investigation, ________ will soon be published, was made by john. A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whos

22、e results D. at whose results,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,10主謂一致： 所謂主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)相一致。這句要求的是動(dòng)詞的單/復(fù)數(shù)要與主語(yǔ)匹配。如下面幾種情況： 用and 連詞是復(fù)數(shù)： Mary and Larry are 用or, either or, neither nor 時(shí)，隨or/nor后面的詞而定。這被稱作就近原則。Neither he nor we are 出現(xiàn)together with 和as well as 的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不要管它,要以主語(yǔ)而定。 Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to t

23、he movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to 。,詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧,11將來(lái)完成時(shí)： 時(shí)間信號(hào)是by + 將來(lái)的時(shí)間, 主句中用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married. By the year 2009 China will have hosted the Olympic Games. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 時(shí)間信號(hào)是by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 By the time w

24、hen we got there, everything had been sold out. By the end of 1989 I had finished my studies in college. By next year he __________ in New York for five years. A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked （到明年），他就（將）在紐約（住滿了）五年了。 以介詞by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間，往往用完成時(shí)。by 2008, by the end of next year,

25、 by then, by the end of 1992等等。,寫 作 技 巧,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(B)的寫作要求:時(shí)間：30分鐘字?jǐn)?shù)：不少于80詞的文體：應(yīng)用文及一般的敘述文、說(shuō)明文和議論文要求：1. 語(yǔ)法、詞匯、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。2. 內(nèi)容切題，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，條理清楚；3. 寫作目的有針對(duì)性目前重點(diǎn)介紹應(yīng)用文：寫信、寫電子郵件。 信件與電子郵件的格式：信件與電子郵件的格式基本上可以統(tǒng)一，不必分得很細(xì)。那種嚴(yán)格意義上的英文信件格式，和所謂的信封如何書寫隨著時(shí)代已經(jīng)淡漠了。但是，基本的格式：稱呼、內(nèi)容、結(jié)束、祝愿、留名是必不可少的。,寫 作 技 巧,Dear Mr. John Brown, I have re

26、ceived your letter of May 15, asking me to find a good Chinese- English dictionary for you. As a matter of fact, I have bought a very good dictionary for you already. It was compiled by a famous Chinese scholar. Ill send it to you through the post office soon. How is everything with you? Still worki

27、ng with your Ph D program in Harvard? How is everything going there in the United States, especially after 911?Recently, Ive finished my college studies. But I have to pass a national standardizes English test before I can get my diploma. So, Im busy preparing for the test. I hope everything will b

28、e OK for me. Best regards to you and your family. Yours sincerely, Liu Mei,寫 作 技 巧,信中每段第一行的第一個(gè)字不再向后縮進(jìn)幾格。這種叫做齊頭式。按照傳統(tǒng)的每段第一個(gè)字要向后縮近，也是目前流行的。兩種都是通用的。 寫信、寫電子郵件的語(yǔ)言：語(yǔ)言用非正式語(yǔ)言，比較口語(yǔ)化。 信件的基本內(nèi)容如下：稱呼、問(wèn)候、詳情、結(jié)束、祝愿、落款,寫 作 技 巧,1.稱呼Dear Mr. Liu,男士Dear Mrs. Li,夫人Dear Ms. Li, 女士（不

29、表明婚姻狀況）Dear Miss Li,女士 （未婚）Dear Xiao Li,小李Dear Sir,Dear Madam,,寫 作 技 巧,2. 問(wèn)候 Hi. How are you getting along? How is everything with you?Havent heard from you for a long time.I have received your letter.,寫 作 技 巧,3. 問(wèn)訊對(duì)方情況Are you still studying in college? Are you working with IBM company? How is your

30、 family?Are you married? Have you finished your studies in college?,寫 作 技 巧,4. 講述自己情況 Im now working with a textile company. Im now studying English in college. I am a student of the distance education college. I have moved to my new apartment. I got married recently. Im pretty busy with my studies

31、. Everything is Ok with me. Everything is so so.,寫 作 技 巧,5. 請(qǐng)求別人為你做什么Could you for me?Would you mind (doing) for me?Is it convenient for you to . For me? I really need Could you do it for me? I hope you dont mind if I ask you to ,寫 作 技 巧,6. 邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方I do hope you can come to my new home.Id like to invit

32、e you to Drop in when you are free.Drop me a line when you are free.May I invite you to come to my birthday party?,寫 作 技 巧,7. 有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)的詞English reading materialsgrammar booklistening materials （聽(tīng)力材料）tapes reading materialsgraduategraduationpass examinationBand 3 / 4 national English exam （三 / 四級(jí)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考）M

33、y English is still poor. （英語(yǔ)挺差的）I have difficulties in listening.I am making progress.,寫 作 技 巧,8. 有關(guān)旅游的詞Ill travel during the holidays.I have booked an air ticket.Could you arrange accommodation for me?Could you buy a train ticket for me? Are there any places of interest （旅游點(diǎn)）in your city?Is the fo

34、od there spicy（辣）?,寫 作 技 巧,9. 感謝 Thats very kind of you to invite me. Thank you for everything youve done for me. 10. 祝愿 Best wishes! My best regards! Looking forward to seeing soon! Waiting for you earliest reply.,寫 作 技 巧,11. 結(jié)束 Love, (關(guān)系密切)Yours,Sincerely, Yours sincerely, （比較正式） 12. 落款 Your name,寫 作 技 巧,寫作步驟1. 審題：明確要寫什么2. 構(gòu)思：1）給誰(shuí)寫，如何稱呼2）第一句說(shuō)什么3）事情如何表達(dá)4）結(jié)尾用什么詞3. 打草稿4. 確定格式，落筆 5. 檢查拼寫6. 檢查大小寫7. 檢查語(yǔ)法；時(shí)態(tài)、人稱8. 檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)：句號(hào)、逗號(hào)、特別是問(wèn)號(hào)9. 落款,祝 你 成 功 ！,Best wishes to you !,