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1、被動(dòng)語態(tài),1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.,2.English is spoken by many people .,4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people .,3.The tickets about heroes are sold out .,5.Rice is planted in South China.,6.He is said a good boy .,語態(tài)：表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。 英語有兩種語態(tài)即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作

2、的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主動(dòng)語態(tài)) English is studied by many students. (被動(dòng)語態(tài)),語態(tài),助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)一樣。 如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher.,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,不同的時(shí)態(tài)有不同的被

3、動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,by many students.,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,,,,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,,,,,,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法,1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。,2.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的謂語。,3.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的by 短語。（ by短語可以省。 by短語 后跟代詞的賓格。）,by the tea

4、cher.,3.The teacher often asks him questions.,He,is asked,,,,questions,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Compute

5、rs are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,肯定句：主語be + 過去分詞(by ) 否定句：主語be not 過去分詞(by ) 一般疑問句：Be 主語過去分詞(by )? 特殊疑問句： 疑問詞be主語過去分詞 (by ),被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞后面的過去分詞不變。,by many students.,English,is studied,by many students.,English,is not studied,,1. They

6、 bought ten computers last term,by them last term.,2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,was/were +過去分詞,,,,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,,,Ten computers,were bought,They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom j

7、ust now. They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,3.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,will be+過去分詞,1.They will finish the work in ten days.

8、,by them in ten days.,,,,The work,will be finished,2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,,The room,,will be cleaned,by,,Tom,tomorrow.,We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting wil

9、l be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞,1.Amy can take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,,,,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,Mor

10、e water,should be drunk,by you.,,,,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned

11、well by them.,5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),is / am / are + being 過去分詞,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,,,,The rooms,are being painted,2.He is watching TV.,TV,is being watched,by him.,,,,6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),have / has been 過去分詞,1.We have made twenty more keys,by us.,,,,Twenty more keys,h

12、ave been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,,,,表格：被動(dòng)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu),am/is/are +過去分詞,was/were +過去分詞,am/is/are being +過去分詞,was/were being +過去分詞,shall/will/be going to be +過分,would be +過去分詞,have/has been +過去分詞,had been +過去分詞,Such books are written for children.

13、這些書是為兒童寫的。 I havent been told about it . 沒有人告訴我這件事,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法,（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰.,Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 據(jù)報(bào)道，這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。,（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語。,The cup was broken by David.,（3）作客觀說明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型.,如

14、：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. （以I做主語） A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主語） 2.He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. （以人當(dāng)主語） English is taught to us by him. （以物作主語）,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種類型,1.帶雙賓語句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài).（指物的賓語叫直接賓語， 指人的賓語叫間接賓語）,常見的接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有: to: pass, give, teach, show,

15、bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,,以“人”當(dāng)主語時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣； 以“物”當(dāng)主語時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或for.,keep, make 三類的動(dòng)詞常常有賓語補(bǔ)足 語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語位置不變。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building.

16、,2.含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語，因此沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞之后，其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以接賓語，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞.,They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of . I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me),3.含有短語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài),下列這些短語本身即是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，不需再加by be covered

17、 with 用覆蓋著 be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚奇 be made of （from）用制造的,動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài) take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after,即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to

18、.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.We heard them sing in the classroom.,They,was heard,to sing in the classroom.,4.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),（1）當(dāng)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語是反身代詞和相互代詞 時(shí)，不能改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 We often help each other. 我們常常互相幫助。 （2）當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)（如have , like , take place

19、, belong to ） 如： I like these flowers. 我喜歡這些花。 I will have a meeting. 不說A meeting will be had. 應(yīng)說A meeting will be held .,5.不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況,把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài): A car knocked him down yesterday. 2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team 3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,A

20、fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,The medical team is made up of by two,Practice,4)Well put on the play next Sunday 5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year,The play will

21、 be put on next Sunday,A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school,The railway had been completed by the end of last year,填空（完成被動(dòng)語態(tài)填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pe

22、n last week . （同上） A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上） English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English ______ ______ ______

23、for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be published,6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟(jì)南市中考題） another man-made satellite into space las

24、t week.變主動(dòng)語態(tài) 7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _____ _____ by people there last year. (青島市中考題） 8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _______ ______on the farm（上海市中考題）,They sent up,were planted,are grown,中考題,1. In some countries , tea ______ with milk and sugar. A. i

25、s serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place,3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. hav

26、e been turned out 4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die,被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：選擇填空,5. Do you like the skirt ? It _______ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here ? You were he

27、re an hour ago . Who ________ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait,7. _____ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , ______ already. A. it took B. it takes C.

28、 it is taking D. it has been taken,9. The letter _______ three days ago and it_____ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C.

29、 would have given D. would be given,11. Water ______ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays ______ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on,13. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday. A. le

30、t to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound ______ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for,16. Miss Chen ______ just ______ to sp

31、eak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked 17. Meat _______ out in this shop . We can ____ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some,18. The new play _______ in

32、theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows 19. Can you tell _______ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened,20. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please

33、. A. Has finished B. Has being finished C. Is finish D. Has been finished,1.Our school _____in 2002.(開辦) 2.The young trees must____ ____ ______ well. (照顧) 3. _____ this building_________(建成)last year? 4.The book _____ _______(寫)by him last year. 5. The bridge _______ _______(不建造)in1989.. 6.The

34、29th Olympic Games will____ ______ (舉行) in UK in 2012.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,完成下列句子：,用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)填空 1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ （send）up into space ? 2. Last year vegetables _______ (grow）in the garden by Tom and he ______ (sell

35、）them himself. 3. She ______ （help）him with his homework tomorrow evening. 4. How many magazines ______（ can borrow）in your library every week ?,Homework,5. John ______（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago. 6. Who ______ （save）her father ? He ______ （save）by that policeman.,7. The doctor ______ （send for）because his grandpa was ill. 8. Moon cakes ______ （make）by his mother every year . ______ your mother _____ （make）moon cakes for you every year ?,9. Some toys ______ （buy）as a presents for these children last Monday. 10. _____ paper ______ （make）of wood ?,