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111 Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists預習學案 一．目標聚焦： 1、了解著名醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾、錢學森、哥白尼等科學家。 2、學會使用表示描述人物的句型。 3. 學習過去分詞作定語和表語的結(jié)構(gòu)。 二．走進課文： 1. Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened. ---John Snow began to test two theories. ---An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. --- John Snow marked the deaths on a map. ---He announced that the water carried the disease. ---John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. ---King Cholera was defeated. ---He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. ---He had the handle removed from the water pump. 2. Read the passage and answer these questions. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it? ____________________________________________________________________________ Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without map? give a reason. ____________________________________________________________________________ Cholera was a 19th century disease. what disease do you think is similar to cholera today? why? ____________________________________________________________________________ 三．句式點擊： 1. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. with this extra evidence 有了這個額外的證據(jù)；with certainty 肯定地，有把握地 在句中作狀語，相當于副詞. that 引導賓語從句 polluted 過去分詞作定語 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. terrified 過去分詞作定語 every time 短語充當連詞作用，還有 the moment/ minute /second; the first / second … last time; immediately/instantly/ directly eg: The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said. The moment I saw him, I knew what had happened. 3. It seemed that the water was to blame. be ﹢動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事。 be to blame 應該負責；應受責備 eg: No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police. You are not to drop litter in this park. 公園里不許亂丟垃圾。 Who is to blame for the fire? Who is to be responsible for this? 4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. only ﹢加狀語放于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。 eg: Only a week later did I receive an answer from her. Only when you are forty and looking back will you realize that you haven’t done your best. 拓展：only if 可譯為“只有” eg: Only if you study hard, will you pass the test. Make a call only if it is important. 5. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. suggest 當暗示，表明時，從句用陳述語氣。 當建議講時，從句用虛擬語氣 (should) ﹢do eg: I suggested that he give up smoking. 四．語法分析：過去分詞作定語和表語 課文原句： 1. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. 2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 過去分詞作定語： 意義：過去分詞含有被動和完成的意思，不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成。 a broken heart a ploughed field a risen sun 已升起的太陽 位置：單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在所修飾詞前；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在后面。 polluted water death caused by the accident a broken glass a glass broken by the boy 特別提示： 有些詞像left剩下的, given（所給的）, concerned（有關(guān)的） 等，習慣上作后置定語，如 standing room left the people concerned 有關(guān)人士 the book given 所給的書籍 當所修飾的詞是由some/ any /nothing/nobody…所構(gòu)成的不定代詞或指示代詞those等時，通常放在其后。如： There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago. 區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 1. 語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表被動. 如 surprising news surprised listeners an exciting movie excited children The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories. She is interested in Chinese. 2. 時間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表動作正在進行；過去分詞表動作已經(jīng)完成。如 the changing world 正在發(fā)生變化的世界 the changed world 已經(jīng)改變了的世界 boiling water boiled water developing countries developed countries 過去分詞作表語： 意義：用在系動詞后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 如 she looked disappointed. we were encouraged at the news. 用于被動語態(tài)，表示主語所承受的動作。如 the book is well written. the lake is badly polluted. 五．單詞、短語突破 1. Characteristic n.﹠adj. n.特征；特性 What characteristics distinguish the Americans and Canadians? 特有的，典型的 With the Characteristic generosity, he offered to buy tickets for all of us. 2. conclude vt. ﹠vi結(jié)束；推論出；議定，決定 常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)： conclude with sth.用……結(jié)束某事 conclude sth. from sth.從……推斷出 conclude to do sth.決定做某事 conclude that -clause決定 拓展：conclusion draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 make a conclusion得出結(jié)論 bring … to a conclusion 使結(jié)束；談定買賣等 come to the conclusion that …所得到的結(jié)論 arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論，告一段落 in conclusion ＝ to conclude 最后，總之 3. attend vt. 照顧，護理；出席；參加 I have to attend my sick son. will you attend the meeting tomorrow? 4. expose vt. 顯露；暴露；揭露 She exposed a set of perfect white teeth when she smiled. The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing the bare rock. expose … to … He exposed his skin to the sun. 5. cure n. ﹠vt. 治愈；痊愈 n. there is still no cure for the common cold. 治療；治愈vt. Can you cure me of my cold? When I left hospital I was completely cured. 6. absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；使專心 Black clothing absorbs light. The task absorbed all his energies. be absorbed in ＝ absorb oneself in 全神貫注于 The old man was utterly absorbed in the book. 7. instruct vt.命令，指示，教導 the manager instructed us about our duties on the first day. he doesn’t instruct us where to go. 派生詞：instruction n.指導；指令 instructions n. 說明，操作指南 8. link… to … 將……和……連接或聯(lián)系起來（常用被動語態(tài)表示狀態(tài)） The island is linked to the mainland by a new bridge. Heart disease can be linked to smoking. 拓展join… to把……和……連接起來 connect… with 將……和……連接 111