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111 Module 2《A Job Worth Doing》 一、 本講要點 1. 重點短語 1. offer to 2. in bad/ poor condition 3. in particular 4. on average 5. in theory 6. in practice 7. come off 8. pass by 9. take…. For granted 10. volunteer to do 11. have an effect on 12. week in, week out 13. from dawn to dusk 14. take up 15. apply for 16. in response to 17. combine with 18. in demand 19. on location 20. be likely to 2. 重點句型 1. That must have been interesting! 2. That can’t have been easy! 3. They might have got lost, or had an accident! 3. 交際用語 1. I have a day off. 2. I managed somehow. 3. It was a nightmare. 4. My take—home salary is 1,000yuan RMB a month. 5. Roughly 200 US dollars is 1,650 yuan RMB. 4. 語法 Revision of verb forms 二、 同步課堂 1. Life is hard at high altitude. 2. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent. 很多路的狀況都不好，事故頻繁發(fā)生。 In ….condition 處于。。。狀況 His second—hand car is in bad condition. 3. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. In particular 尤其，特別 Eg. I remember one of them particularly/ in particular. For no particular reason 沒有特別理由 Be particular about/ over 對。。。挑剔的。吹毛求疵的 Eg. She is particular about what she wears. 他對穿著很講究。 His good humour was particularly noticeable. 他的幽默感是顯而易見的。 Consider vt, vi 1) 考慮；思考 I am considering going abroad. 我正在考慮出國。 The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy. 法庭根本不會考慮他所提出的對老人遺產(chǎn)的要求。 Let me consider.讓我考慮一下。 2) 認為；以為 I consider it a great honor. 我認為這是極大的榮幸。 We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我們認為這不是司機的過錯。 3) 把（某人、某事）看作..., 認為（某人、某事）如何（as...， of...， to be...） We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我們認為這是真實的。 I considered him a rascal. 我認為他是個流氓。 4. In theory the road can only be used by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon. In theory 理論上 Eg. Your plan is excellent in theory, but would it success in practice? 你的計劃在理論上甚佳，但實踐上能成功滿？ In trouble 處于麻煩中 in danger 在危險中in advance 提前 in general 一般 in particular 特別地 in harmony 和睦。融洽 in pieces 成碎片 in common with 公有，公用 Eg. Mary’s tastes are in common with/ similar to/ in harmony with mine. 5. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules. 6. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his Hand. 每天早晨，他的手里拿著一個巨大的圓形木板爬上拐彎處指揮交通。 With的復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）with +賓語 + 形容詞（賓補）在句子中做狀語 He likes to sleep with the window open. 2）with +賓語 + 副詞（賓補）在句子中做狀語 With her son away from home, she was worried. 3）with +賓語 + 介詞短語（賓補）在句子中做狀語 She came in with a baby in her arm. 4）with +賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞（賓補）在句子中做狀語 With a local guide leading the way, we got there easily. 5）with +賓語 + 過去分詞（賓補）在句子中做狀語 With the problem solved, we went on smoothly. 6）with +賓語 + 不定式（賓補）在句子中做狀語 With her husband to help her, she worked it out. 7）with +賓語 + 介詞短語（賓補）在句子中做定語 The girl with a bag on her back went happily to school. 7. But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted. Take …for granted that…認為。。。理所當然 例：Don’t take it for granted that you didn’t pass the final examination. 8. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. Volunteer to do sth 9. Then one day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close encounter with death. Encounter vt遭遇；遇到 1) "The more dangers we encounter, the harder should we push forward." 越是艱險越向前。 2) The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration. 年輕的科學家們在探險期間遇到了許多困難。 N 遭遇；偶然碰到, “遭遇戰(zhàn)” 3) It was a bloody encounter between the two armies. 這是那兩軍之間的一次激烈的遭遇戰(zhàn)。 4) The two of them had an encounter of wits. 他們倆偶然地展開了一場斗智。 5) an unexpected encounter 不期而遇 10. This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo. To/ of no effect 無用，無效 Bring/ carry/ put sth into effect 實行，實施 Come into effect 實行，實施 Take effect 生效，奏效 Without effect 沒有作用（做狀語） to the effect that 大意是說 例如： 1) 農(nóng)民們遭受了幾年不遇的大旱的影響。 The farmer felt the effect of the drought for years. 2) 這種藥有效嗎？ Did the medicine have any effect/ a good effect? 3) 我收到了一封信，大意是說我被大學錄取了。 I have received a letter to the effect that I have been admitted to the university. 4) 這個計劃很快就會被實行的。 The plan will soon be carried into effect. 11. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic. week in, week out 一周又一周，接連好幾個星期 take up 站好位置已備…， 占據(jù)，從事，拿起，繼續(xù) take over 接管 take back 收回 1）你什么時候開始打籃球的？ When did you take up basketball? 2）農(nóng)民們整年在地里從早忙到晚。 The farmers work in the field, from dawn to dusk all the year around. 3） 學生們接連好幾周沒有計算機課了。 The students didn’t have computer lessons, week in, week out. 4）讓我們從昨天停下來的地方繼續(xù)學課文。 Let’s take up the text where we finished yesterday. 5）這個桌子占太大地方。 The desk takes up too much room. 6）我們會長離開了，所以Peter接管他的工作。 Our chairman has left, so Peter will take over his job. 7）很抱歉傷害了你，我收回剛剛說過的話。 I’m sorry to have hurt you; I take back what I said just now. 12. demand: 要求，需要 N.1) 要求；請求 Ives listened to the workers' demand for more money. 艾夫斯聽著工人們要爭取更多錢的要求。 2) 需求；需要 It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必應是不可能的。 Teachers are in demand in this area. 在這個地區(qū)很需要教師。 vt 3) 要求 demand an apology from sb. 要求某人道歉 demand a clear answer 要求(作出)明確的答復 I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要約翰馬上去那兒。 4) 急需；迫切需要 This work demands your attention 這工作急需你去做。 in (great) demand 需要量很大; 許多人都需要 on demand 在要求時, 一經(jīng)請求; 在要求支付時 13. intellectual: adj 腦力的，思維的，需用才智的； N知識分子 the intellectual faculties 智能 intellectual people 有才智的人 intellectually 有才智地 intelligence [U] 智力，才智 intelligent adj. 聰明的，有才智的 Designing houses is an intelligent job, but George can easily make it intellectual. 14. satisfying: adj 令人滿意的 satisfied: adj 感到滿意的 satisfaction N. 滿意/滿足；令人滿足的事 satisfy: vt 使…滿意 例如： Your success will be a great satisfaction to your parents. The result of the experiment was satisfactory. Have you satisfied yourself of the truth of the report? Bored—boring excited—exciting embarrassed—embarrassing disappointed—disappointing moved--moving 15. stressful: adj 有壓力的， stressless 沒有重音的，沒有壓力的 stress: n 壓力,重音 in times of stress 在艱難時期 lay/ place/ put stress on/ upon 把重點放在 例如： The stress is on the second syllable. He stressed the point that we should be punctual. He laid special stress on the analyzing the particularity of the conditions. The work that miners do is dangerous and stressful. 16. volunteer n 志愿者 We want some volunteers to help paint the house. 我們想要幾個自愿幫助漆房屋的人。 vt, vi (常與to連用)自愿去做，主動請求去做 We all volunteered to paint the house. 我們都自愿漆這房子。 Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. 與此同時,許多大學生自愿在罷工持續(xù)期間去駕駛公共汽車。 The doctor who had volunteered to settled down in the poor village became the chief fable of the villagers. 這個志愿到這個窮村莊落戶的醫(yī)生成了村民們的中心話題。 adj. 志愿者的，由志愿者組成的，或志愿者做的： volunteer firefighters; volunteer tutoring. 志愿消防員；志愿導游 voluntary 自愿的，自動的 17. offer vt, vi 提供；提出 offer a few ideas提出幾點意見 I must offer them an apology for not going to attend their get-gathering. 我沒有去出席他們的聚會,必須向他們示歉意。 He offered me 300 dollars for that television. 他出300美元向我買那部電視機。 （與to連用）表示愿意；試圖 offer to go 自愿前往 offer to help sb. 表示愿意幫助某人 n 提議; 出價；報盤 an offer of ￡100 出價100 英鎊 提供 I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. 有人曾向我提供大筆款項讓我搬遷,但我決心留在這里。 Thank you for your offer of help. 感謝你提供的幫助。 18. earn: vt 掙（錢） earn one’s living 謀生 earnings N 賺得的錢 1） 他取得的成就使他受到尊敬和欽佩。 His achievements earn him respect and admiration. 2）這錢有七厘利息。 The money earns 7%interest. 19. permanent: adj 長久的，永久的，永恒的 Eg. 1) Is your new job permanent or temporary? 2) A permanent force 常備軍 3) A permanent committee 常設委員會 20. salary: n 工資，薪水----salary, wage, fee salary 指按月發(fā)的薪水，領取薪水者通常是經(jīng)過培訓而具有特殊技能或?qū)ｉT知識的人 1) He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries? 他告訴我說，公司付不起那么多薪水了。 2) What's your salary? 你領取多少薪水？ 3) Teachers, government officials and clerks receive salaries. 教師，政府官員和職員接受薪水。 wage一般指按星期甚至按天發(fā)的工資，領取工資者通常是做體力勞動的人 4) The young wage -earner often earns good money… 掙工資的年輕人往往掙很多錢…… 5) His wages are high, prices are high, too. 工資高，物價也高。 fee一詞在英語中指付給醫(yī)生、音樂師、美術(shù)工作者或律師的報酬。 6) The doctor's fee is ＄ 25 a visit. 7) School fees are high in that country. 21. staff: n 全體職員，員工 the staff of a school 學校的全體工作人員 a staff member (=a member of the staff) 職員之一 the teaching staff 全體教員 the domestic staff 傭人 a military [naval] staff college 陸[海]軍參謀學院 22. sign: vt 簽字，簽署 sign a letter在信件上簽字 I want all of you to sign.我要你們?nèi)己炞帧? The firm signed on fifty more workers last week. 上星期該公司簽約增雇了五十名工人。 sign sb. to enter對某人打手勢讓他進來 sign a street 給街道立標志 The policeman signed (for) them to stop. 警察做手勢叫他們停住。 He signed to me to be quiet. 他做手勢要我安靜。 N 記號，符號, 身勢，姿勢；信號 He made a sign for me to follow him. 他向我示意跟著他（走）。 告示；標語； 牌示，牌子 The sign by the road said‘No Parking'. 路邊的牌子上寫著“禁止停車”。 跡象；征兆；征候 There are no signs of life about the house. 這房子沒有有人住的跡象。 23. Grammar: Review of verb forms(2) 一般過去時 1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 　 時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 　 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。 　 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 　 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.　　　　　 3）句型： 　 It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……時間了"　 "該……了" 　 It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了"　 "早該……了" 　 It is time for you to go to bed.　 你該睡覺了。 　 It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了。 　 would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'寧愿某人做某事' 　 I'd rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。 　I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 過去進行時 1） 概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。 2） 過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。 4) 常用的時間狀語: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　 It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某個時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作，強調(diào)“過去的過去”。常以before, by+過去時間，或when, before等引導的過去時態(tài)的從句來表示，也可以通過上下文來表示。 I had written the criticism article when they came. 　　他們來時，我已寫完了那篇評論。 　　They left earlier than we had expected. 　　他們離開的時間比我們預料的要早。 典型題例 1. Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. 　 A. must　　 B. may　 C. can　 D. will 解析：表可能性只能用may.　此句意可從后半句推出?！〈鸢窧. 2. ---Could I borrow your dictionary? 　　---Yes, of course, you____.　 　 A. might　B. will　 C. can　 D. should 解析：could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達，不能用could或might。復習： will 與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來提出勸告。答案C. 3. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.　 　A. have told　B. tell　C. be telling　D. having told 解析：　由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞 ought to 后，所以用have。答案A。 4. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 精析: should 為情態(tài)動詞， “應該”。選C. 5. Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　 A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes 解析：答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應用過去時。同　時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進行時。 6. As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read； was falling　B. was reading； fell　C. was reading； was falling　D. read；fell 解析：答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過去時)，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 7. When I arrived at the station, he had already left. We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. I waited until he had finished his homework. We were surprised at what she had done. We ____ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had 解析：本題吃飯的動作在來的動作之前，考察過去完成時的用法,正確答案為D. 8. Before the first nonstop flight made in1949, it____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A would be B has been C had been D would have been 解析：本題時間狀語從句為一般過去時，主句的情況是在從句之前，是“過去的過去”，因此用過去完成時，答案為C. 9．Until then, his family ____ from him for six month. 　　A didn't hear B hasn't been hearing 　　C hasn't heard D hadn't heard 解析：過去完成時可以表示過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生并繼續(xù)發(fā)生的事情，本句考察的正是過去完成時的這一用法，故答案為D. 同步聽力 第一節(jié) 聽下面 5段對話。 每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A,B,C 三個選項中選出最佳的選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有十秒的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下以小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。 1. Where are the speakers? A. At home B. At a stop C. Ay school 2. What will the man probably do? A. Have a dinner B. Clean the table C. Read the notebook 3. How long have the speakers been waiting? A. 30 minutes B. 1 hour C. 1.5minutes 4. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Wait in the corner B. Take a taxi C. Telephone the hotel 5. What does the woman mean? A. She can help the man. B. The machine was just repaired. C. The clerk doesn’t like to be troubled. 第二節(jié) 聽下面對話或獨白，每段對話和的獨白后都有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳答案，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你都有時間閱讀各個小題，每個小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的時間作答。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。 聽第六段材料，回答6-8題。 6. Who is the man speaking to? A. A doctor B. A hotel manager C. A medical receptionist 7. Where is Doctor Anderson now? A. In the hotel B. At the hospital C. At a conference 8. When can the man see the doctor? A. This afternoon B. This evening C. Tomorrow morning 聽第七段材料，回答9-11題。 9. When does the woman usually watch TV? A. After midnight B. when she is bored C. After she has dinner 10. Why was the man unhappy? A. He lost his meal tickets. B. The food was terrible. C. The TV program was boring. 11. Why was the man feel even worse? A. He didn’t sleep well. B. He wasted so much time. C. The woman had the same problem. 聽第八段材料，回答12-14題。 12. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Friends B. Workmates C. Brother and sister 13. What does the man want to do? A. Go to his brother’s graduation. B. Drive to Seattle after work C. Invite the woman over to his house. 14. What can we learn about the man’s sister? A. She has lived in Portland. B. She works in Canada. C. She’ll leave here soon. 聽第九段材料回答15-17題。 15. Where does the conversation take place? A. On the way home B. In a library C. In a bookshop 16. Why does the man need help? A. he was hurt his arms. B. He has too many books to carry. C. He wants to discuss about his book. 17. Why does the man buy these books? A. Because they are cheap. B. Because he wants to open a bookshop. C. Because he wants to give some to t he woman. 聽第十段材料，回答底18-20題。 18. Where will they stop to have a dinner? A. Los Angeles B. Riverside C. Long Beach 19. What is the number of the bus? A. 2344 B. 4234 C. 4342 20. What should one do if he wants to smoke? A. Get off the bus. B. Go to the back seats. C. Go to t he rest room. Answer: 1-5 BCACA 6-10 CBCBA 11-15 BACCA 16-20 BACBB 反饋練習 I. Choose the best answer. 1. With the price of oil _____, the economy of that country is slowing down. A. rising up B. going up C. taking up D. bringing up 2. ---It seemed that my family _____ my birthday. ---No, darling. But people are far more interested in their own affairs than in yours. A. refused B. missed C. ignored D. avoided 3. ?CBush is under great pressure and it is very hard to please 60 million people. -- I _____ him though I don’t always agree with him. A. live up B. go up to C. look up to D. play up to 4. After more than three hours of tension and enthusiasm, Liu Ran won the first prize, though none of us had it. A. hoped B. wished C. thought D. expected 5. He didn’t mean to _____ the house. He said he broke into steal food and money and to get warm. A. turn down B. burn down C. beat down D. pull down 6. The coat suits him well ___ the colour is a little too bright. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides that 7. Can you think of the difficulty I had ______ the work? A. to do B. done C. been doing D. doing 8. It’s such a small point that it’s hardly worth _____. A. troubling about B. to trouble about C. being troubled about D. trouble about 9. --- What do you think of “Super--girl”, the reality TV show? ---I can’t help _____ it. I got _____ whenever I watched it! A. to love, exciting B. to love, excited C. loving, exciting D. loving, excited 10. The captain ______ excited to find the new island after such a long expedition. A. had been B, has been C. was D. was being 11. It is said that Flowers will be selling their new album in Xidan bookstore this weekend, ______ is really good news for me. A. when B. that C. it D. which 12. You _____ pay too much attention while driving, as accidents happen frequently. A. can’t B. needn’t C. should D. must 13. --- Did Ann come to the party? --- I don’t know. She _____ after I was away. A. must have come B. might come C. may have come D. could come 14. ---Have you seen the film Shanghai Dreams? ----Yes. When in Beijing, I ____ it a couple of times. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. would seen 15. He went to the airport to pick up his wife, but she _____ before his arrival. A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving key: 1—5 BCCDB 6—10 BDADC 11—15 DACAC II. Cloze test. Chad performs his 24-foot aluminium boat past willow young trees that stick out of the waters of the Mississippi River. 1 dances off maples(楓樹), their branches heavy with 2 spring leaves. But a 3 inspection discloses trouble behind the beautiful sight. Rubbish is 4 in a logjam(河道內(nèi)運完木材所剩的木頭) and hangs from the tree’s branches. 5 the next three hours Chad and his team pull plastic bags, tanks, bottles and 6 bowling pins out of the water. Then they 7 for a picnic table caught in the trees. Welcome to the Mississippi River Beautification & Restoration Project, began in 1997 as Chad’s one-man 8 to pick up rubbish along a 400-mile stretch of the 2340-mile river. That year, often working 9 , the 22-year-old cleaned 150 miles of shoreline. At first the project appeared 10 and useless. But Chad tried his best to find 11 , and with their backing, he soon had a new boat and a five-man team---the Boom Crane Crew. Last year alone the crew 12 from the water 44055-gallon drums, 1104 tires and enough plastic bags to cover a football field. Much of the waste will be 13 . “Chad’s operation is the only one actually in 14 on the river,” says Mark of the Mississippi River Basin Alliance, a union of environmental groups. “It’s the 15 I’ve ever seen in 20 years, and he is inspiring others to do the 16 .” “The Mississippi was my back 17 ,” Chad says. In his teens he and his brother worked on the river as clammers (掘蚌者) and camped on islands 18 the waterway. “The river has given me a livelihood and brought me so much 19 ,” Chad says. “I wanted to do something in 20 .” 1. A. Sunlight B. Air C. Dust D. Moonlight 2. A. ripe B. brown C. falling D. fresh 3. A. wider B. quicker C. closer D. stricter 4. A. placed B. piled C. trapped D. thrown 5. A. For B. At C. After D. By 6. A. ever B. even C. nearly D. merely 7. A. come B. save C. head D. fight 8. A. work B. discovery C. place D. effort 9. A. alone B. strongly C. quietly D. fiercely 10. A. large B. happy C. impossible D. possible 11. A. supporters B. workers C. engineers D. pioneers 12. A. came B. pulled C. pushed D. appeared 13. A. burned B. buried C. used D. recycled 14. A. ending B. progress C. discussion D. common 15. A. biggest B. earliest C. latest D. luckiest 16. A. deed B. favor C. same D. wrong 17. A. way B. school C. interest D. yard 18. A. blocking B. standing C. dotting D. traveling 19. A. time B. joy C. pride D. waste 20. A. return B. turn C. danger D. trouble key: 1—5 ADCCA 6—10 BCDAC 11—15 ABDBA 16—20 CDCBA .III R