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111 Learning Guide to Grammar of Module 4《Great Scientist》 u Learning aims: 1. To review the passive voice. 2. To understand the structure of “by + -ing” form u Important and difficult points: 1. The tense of passive voice in the sentence. 2. The use of “by + -ing” form. u Teaching procedures: u Step one: The Passive Voice 1.Definition: 語(yǔ)態(tài)（voice）是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示________和________之間的關(guān)系，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有________和________兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的________。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的________。(承受者Or執(zhí)行者) 2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：________________________. e.g.我們必須好好照顧這些孩子。 ________________________________________________________. 這些孩子必須被好好照顧。 ________________________________________________________. 3. 時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 4.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。 1. He promised that the news_______(send) to the soldier’s mother as soon as it ________(arrive). 2.It__________(prove) that every substance , no matter what it is,__________(make) up of atoms. 3.As I explained on the phone, your request _________(consider)at the next meeting. 4.By ________(get) up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 5.---I ________(ask) to a party, but I’ve got nothing ________(wear). ----Why don’t you have a dress made for the party? ◆ Step two: by + -ing form 1. by prep. 表示行為的主語(yǔ)，表示方法、手段或所用的工具，后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成by + -ing form。 e.g. He makes a living by begging from door to door. ______________________________________________________. 2. by+交通工具表示方式，前不加冠詞，但指特定之物時(shí)則必須加冠詞。 e.g. 我乘公共汽車上學(xué)。 ____________________________________________________. 他做十點(diǎn)半的火車走了。 _____________________________________________________. 3. 翻譯句子： ①He thought there was only one way to do this ----by crossing different species of rice plant. ②你可以通過(guò)盡可能多的練習(xí)來(lái)提高口語(yǔ)。 ______________________________________________________ ③他通過(guò)努力通過(guò)了考試。 ________________________________________________________. ◆ Step Three: exercises 1. to say a thing in that way. A. It is considers wrong B. It is considered wrong C. It is considered it’s wrong D. It is considering wrong 2. He ordered that the books at once. A. would be printed B. would print C. be printed D. print 3. The story in China. A. was taken place B. was place C. took place D. has been taken place 4. The house my parents. A. is belong to B. belong to C. belongs to D. is belonged to 5. He by his teacher. A. happened to see B. was happened to see C. happened to be seen D. was happened to be seen 6. The sports meeting . A. is put off B. is to put off C. is to be put off D. puts off 7. Mary realized she . A. was making fun of B. was made fun C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun 8. Our house . A. is getting paint B. is getting painted C. is got painted D. has got paint 9. The meeting tomorrow is very important. A. to broken out B. had been broken out C. has broken out D. broke out 10. The war in 1937. A. was broken out B. had been broken out C. has broken out D. broke out 11. The mistakes in the exercises will the teacher. A. cross B. be crossing C. be crossed by D. cross by 12. My brother and I have her birthday party. A. been invited B. been invited party C. invited to D. been invited to 13. It this way. A. is has to do B. is had to be done C. had to be done D. has to do 14. It this way. A. used to do B. used to be done C. is used to do D. is used to doing 15. It was lucky of him to escape by the falling tree in the storm. A. injured B. to be injured C. being injured D. injuring 111