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111 Module 5 Unit 2 The environment Grammar and usage Teaching Plan for Grammar inUnit 2 Module 5 Teaching Aims 1. Help Ss understand verbing form as an adjective or adverb 2. Master a verb-ing as attributive, predicative, object complement ect. Teaching difficult points 1. How to use verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb 2. How to use verb-ing phrases Teaching steps; Step1 Lead-in 1. The children stopped____as the teacher came in A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 2. If he can stop them ____there ,I will do it A.go B.to go C.gone D.going 3. He is quite used _____in all sorts of weather A.fly B.to fly C.to flying D.to flied 4. Doctor Bethune went on_____throughtout the night A.work B.worked C.to work D.working 5. Your shoes are dirty .They need____badly A.wash B.washed C.to wash D.Washing Step2 1.Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb *Attribute It is a very moving film and it is well worth seeing Canada is an English-speaking country The girl sitting in the corner is my best friend. *Predicative Your journey in Kerya is really exciting What you did was disappointing. *Object complement We find the journey to America exciting. I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. 注:在see hear watch feel notice等動(dòng)詞后，用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。而動(dòng)詞原形則表示動(dòng)作的全過程，即動(dòng)作已結(jié)束。 We saw the teacher making the experiment. Isaw the girl get into the car and drive off. 2.A verb-ing can be used after verbs like stand,sit,lie .These two action are happening at the same time. They stood talking to each other . They stood when they were talking to each other. 3.A verb-ing has a perfect form , eg having worked, Having worked side by side with many environmentalists,I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time. Step 3. Practise. P29 A and B Homework: 1. Review Verb-ing form as an adjective 2. Finish the exercise Verb-ing phrases Teaching steps; Step 1: Lead-in 1.-------full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. A.We did not make B.Having not make C We had not made D.Not having made 2.European football is played in 80 countries,-------it the most popular sport in the world. A.making B makes C made Dto made 3.-------what the situation would be like ,they decided to keep silent. A. Having not know B Knowing not C.Not know D.Not knowing Step 2 Verb-ing phrases 1. Verb-ing phrases can express *time Seeing the big snake ,the girl was almost frightended to death. =When she saw the big snake,……… *reason Being a student,I must work hard. =Because I am a student, I must work hard. *result The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty. =The factory keeps releasing smoke.As a result ,the air is made dirty. *condition Preparing fully, we can achieve great things =If we prepare fully, we can …. 2. We can also use the pattern conjunction+verb-ing to express time.The common conjunctions are when,whenever,while,once,and until. We have to take environmental protection into consideration when developing the economy. 3. The understood subject of a verb-ing clause is usually the same as the subject of the main clause He travelled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. =When he travelled on the plane like this , he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket. 4. We put NOT before the verb-ing to create its negative form He sat there, not knowing what to say. Step 3. Practise P31 Step 4 Exercise: Homework: 1.Review Verb-ing phrases 2. Finish the exercise 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 Knowledge aims: Learn verb-ing form as adjective and adverb and verb-ing phrase. Ability aims: Learn how a verb-ing form can be used as an adjective or adverb and how a verb-ing can boe used as a verb-ing on its own. And learn how to use them in different situations. At the same time, know about the differences between gerund and present participle. Emotional aims: Learn about the differences between “to do”, “verb-ing” and “verb-ed” form. Apply the usage of verb-ing form to practice by fulfilling some written tasks. 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 verb-ing form as adjective and adverb and verb-ing phrases to express time, reason, result, and condition. 【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 How to use them in different situations correctly and freely. 【教具準(zhǔn)備】 CAI equipment with a Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools 【教學(xué)過程】 Step 1 Greeting Step 2 Review the new words and expressions 1. Ask the students to read some of their beautiful sentences out. 2. Ask the students to translate some typical sentences and phrases, ask them to say something about some important words and expressions. Step 3 Lead in Ask the students to preview grammar and usage on page 28 and page 30 in the text and do some written exercises. Task Please fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs 1. They burst into laughter when they heard the ________ (amuse) story. 2. Is there any hope of our team ________ (win) the match? 3. ________ (finish) his composition, he went to have a heart- to- heart talk with his father. 4.________ (send) to the countryside, he had to leave the city. 5. The building ________ (build) now is our physics lab. 6. When ________ (leave) the airport, they waved again and again to us. 7. ________ (not know) how to give first aid to the injured girl, he telephoned the doctor for help. 8. This same thing, ________ (happen) in the peacetime, would be a great disaster. 9. The chemical composition of water is H2O, whether ________ (be) solid, liquid or vapor. 10. We introduced a lot of advanced equipment, thus ________ (save) much time and labor. 11. We held a party, ________ (celebrate) the arrival of the new baby.. 12. They sat together, ________ (study) carefully the design of the new project. 13. Weather ________ (permit), we will go for an outing next week. 14. We caught the boy ________ (pick) flowers in the garden. 15. He is a businessman ________ (grow) rich in recent years. Keys: 1. amusing 2. winning 3. Having finished 4. Having been sent 5. being built 6. leaving 7. Not knowing 8. happening 9. being 10. saving 11. celebrating 12. studying 13. permitting 14. picking 15. growing Step 4 verb-ing form verb-ing form can be used as an adjective or adverb. It can serve in a sentence as the attribute, the predicative or the object complement. The verb-ing form can be used to indicate that two actions are happening at the same time. It has a perfect form. We should learn to identify its functions in different sentene. （一）Serve as the attribute (作定語) Attribute is a noun or an adjective that comes before a noun and describes it. If it is a phrase, it comes after the noun it modifies. Usually we can change it into an attributive clause. (作定語用的現(xiàn)在分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面；如果是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，則放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。) 如： There is a waiting taxi around the corner. Let’s go and take it. =>There is a taxi which is waiting around the corner. Let’s go and take it. 拐彎處有一輛出租車等在那兒。我們?nèi)コ俗伞? I like the room facing south. =>I like the room which is facing south. 我喜歡這間朝南的房間 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Point 1 in Part 1 on Page 28 again.) （二）Serve as the predicative (作表語) Predicative is an adjective that comes after a linking verb. (現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)，多表示主語所具有的特征。一般跟在連系動(dòng)詞be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等后面。) 如： The story I heard from him yesterday sounded very frightening. 我昨天從他那兒聽到的故事聽起來非常恐怖。 My brother’s job is designing new buildings. 我哥哥的工作是設(shè)計(jì)大樓。 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then ask the students to read Point 2 on Page 28.) （三）Serve as the object complement (作賓語補(bǔ)足語) An object complement is an adjective or a noun that relates to and describes the objects of a sentence. (現(xiàn)在分詞?？捎迷趙atch, see, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have等詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。) 如： He kept me waiting for a long time. 他讓我等了很久。 We heard someone singing in the next room. 我們聽見有人在隔壁房間里唱歌。 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Point 3 on Page 28.) （四）verb-ing phrase can be a verb-ing on its own. There can also be an object and / or adverbial after the verb-ing. Verb-ing phrases can express the time, the reason, the result, and the condition. Sometimes we can change verb-ing phrases into adverbial clauses. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語通?？梢詥为?dú)使用，也可以在其后面跟賓語和狀語，用來表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句。) 1．Express the time (表示時(shí)間) We can use clauses introduced by when and after to rewrite phrases showing the time. 如： Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. =>After he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這個(gè)好消息，他高興地跳了起來。 Asking around, I found there were no students taking their mobile phones to that school. =>When I asked around, I found there were no students who took their mobile phones to that school. 當(dāng)向周圍的學(xué)生詢問時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們沒人帶手機(jī)到學(xué)校。 2．Express the reason (表示原因) We can use clauses introduced by because to rewrite phrases showing the reason. 如： He went to the company with two of his designs, hoping to get a job there. =>He went to the company with two of his designs, because he hoped to get a job there. 他帶著兩張?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)去了那家公司，希望能在那兒找到一份工作。 Having no money in his pocket, he put down the book unwillingly. =>Because he had no money in his pocket, he put down the book unwillingly. 因?yàn)榭诖餂]有錢，他不情愿地放下了書。 3．Express the result (表示結(jié)果) We can use as a result to rewrite phrases showing the result. 如： The car ran at an amazing speed, knocking into the wall. =>The car ran at an amazing speed. As a result, it knocked into the wall. 汽車以驚人的速度開著，結(jié)果撞到了墻上。 Her mother died in 1966, leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters. =>Her mother died in 1966. As a result, she left her with four younger brothers and sisters. 1966年她母親死了，拋下她和四個(gè)弟妹。 4．Express the condition (表示條件) We can use clauses introduced by if to rewrite phrases showing the condition. 如： Turning to the left, you’ll find the post office there. =>If you turn to the left, you’ll find the post office there. 向左轉(zhuǎn)，你就能找到郵局。 Working hard, you will achieve your goal. =>If you work hard, you will achieve your goal. 努力工作，你會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Points 1-4 in Part 1 on Page 30.) 5．表示方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明等。Verb-ing can be used after verbs like stand, sit, and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time. 如： My father sat at the table, reading China Daily. =>My father sat the table, and read China Daily. 我父親坐在桌子旁，看《中國日?qǐng)?bào)》。 Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc. =>Please fill in the form, and give your name, address, etc. 請(qǐng)把這張表格填一下，寫下你的姓名、住址等。 注意： 1．A verb-ing has a perfect form “having done” to show this verb happens before the main verb. And it also has its passive voice form “being done” and its perfect form “having been done”. (現(xiàn)在分詞有其完成時(shí)形式having done，表示其動(dòng)作先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生；也有其被動(dòng)形式being done及其完成時(shí)形式having been done。) 如： Having finished his homework, the boy watched TV for a short while. =>After the boy had finished his homework, he watched TV for a short while. 完成作業(yè)后，男孩看了會(huì)兒電視。 Being punished by his father, the boy felt sad. =>Because he was punished by his father, the boy felt sad. 由于受到了父親大懲罰，男孩感到很難過。 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Part 3 on Page 28.) 2．We can also use the pattern conjunction + conjunction + verb-ing to express the time. (連詞when, whenever, while, once 和until通常可以加現(xiàn)在分詞短語，用來表示時(shí)間。) 如： He often keeps a dictionary at hand while learning English. =>He often keeps a dictionary at hand while he is learning English. 學(xué)英語時(shí)，他通常手頭會(huì)放一本詞典。 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Part 2 on Page 30.) 3．Not should be put before the verb-ing to create its negative form. (現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是由not+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的。) 如: Not having received an answer, I wrote to him again. =>Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again. 因?yàn)闆]有收到回信，我又給他寫了信。 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Part 4 on Page 30.) 4．The understood subject of a verb-ing clause is usually the same as the subject of the main clause. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。它通常用來表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況，有時(shí)還可表示時(shí)間、原因或條件等。) 如： They came into the classroom, talking and laughing. =When they came into the classroom, they talked and laughed. 他們走進(jìn)教室，邊說邊笑。 So many people being absent, we decided to put off the meeting. 這么多人缺席，我們決定會(huì)議延期舉行。 Time permitting, we’ll go to visit a senior school. 時(shí)間允許的話，我們將參觀一所高中 (We can provide the students with more examples if necessary. Then have the students read Part 3 on Page 30.) Step 5 Some exercises about verb-ing form Task1: Please fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs 1. This is an early church, ______ from the ninth century, which was rebuilt under the direction of San Carlo Borromeo. (date) 2. Now he felt tired and wouldn’t walk any longer, ______ many miles without rest. (walk) 3. Do you see that ________ (dance) girl? She is my sister. 4. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ (cover) the desert. 5. My cousin came to see me from the country, ________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits. 6. ______ (separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 7. The manager, ________ (make) it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. 8. When_______ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 9. Don’t leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth. 10. _______ (taste) good, the food was soon sold out. Keys: 1.dating 2. having walked 3.dancing 4. covering 5.bringing 6. Having been separated 7. having made 8. comparing 9. running 10. Tasting Task 2 Multiple Choice 1. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 2. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ______. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 4. He hurried to the booking office only ______ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling 5. –There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. --My goodness! I can’t imagine ______ that old. A. to be B. being C. to have been D. having been 6. The old man, _______ in the city for forty years, is on the way back to his village. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 7. I’m examining the article he has just finished ______ the possible mistake in it. A. correcting B. to correct C. corrected D. corrects 8. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 9. –What did Mr. Smith do in the middle of the night? -- Well, I’m not sure, but he was often heard ______. A. singing the same song B. to sing the same song C. sing a same song D. to be playing same song 10. –Would you like me ______ the radio a bit? --No, it’s all right. I’m used to ______ with the radio ______. A. to turn up; work; on B. to turn down; working; off C. turning up; working; off D. to turn down; working; on 11. When I got home, my mother happened ______ in the kitchen. A. to have been cooking B. to cook C. to have cooked D. to be cooking 12. To their great joy, the day they looked forward to ______ at last! A. coming B. came C. had come D. to come 13. Do you know the difficulty he had ______ so many children at school? A. keep B. to have kept C. keeping D. kept 14. –Why did you go back to the shop? --I left my friend ______ there? A. to wait B. waits C. wait D. waiting 15. The reason for his important discovery in science is ______ in his rich knowledge and original thinking. A. to be finding B. to find C. to be found D. finding 16. –Manager, do you have something ______ at this moment? --No, thanks. I’ll call you if any. A. to be typed B. to type C. typing D. typed 17. –Why do you look so upset? --There are so many troublesome problems ______. A. remaining to settle B. remained settled C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled 18. ______ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining B. Being examined C. Examined D. Having been examined 19. This is an early church, ______ from the ninth century, which was rebuilt under the direction of San Carlo Borromeo. A. dated B. being dated C. dating D. dates 20. The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to ______ by others. A. be noticed B. being noticed C. have been noticed D. having been noticed Keys: 1-5 DACAB 6-10 DBCAD 11-15 DBCDC 16-20ACBCA Step 6 Homework 1. Review what we have learned about verb-ing form. 2. Do Part C1 on page 100 in Workbook. 111