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1、閱讀理解二輪訓(xùn)練（1） 社會文化（閱讀理解）由 (2013遼寧,D)改編 “Indeed,” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785,“some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that,Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for m

2、ore than a century,and Americans had already created lightning-bug (螢火蟲).But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language,leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The American bug could also be a person,referring to someone who was

3、 crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term,sports fans used to be called racing bugs,baseball bugs,and the like. Or the bug could be a small machine or object,for example,a bug-shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm,from which comes the expression to bug,that is

4、,“to install (安裝) an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since the 1940s it has been annoying. We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That me

5、aning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering‘a(chǎn) bug’ in his inve

6、nted record player.” 1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that 　　　.? A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century D.both Englishmen and Americans us

7、ed the word bug in the eighteenth century 2.What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?(　　) A.Explanation. B.Finding. C.Origin. D.Fault. 3.The passage is mainly concerned with 　　　.? A.the misunderstanding of the word bug B.the development of the word bug C.the public views

8、of the word bug D.the special characteristics of the word bug 語篇解讀:本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了bug一詞的不同含義及發(fā)展過程。 答案及剖析:1.D　推理判斷題。華盛頓在18世紀(jì)用到這個詞的時候,英國人已經(jīng)使用該詞一個多世紀(jì)了,由此可知,18世紀(jì)時,兩個國家都在使用這個詞,故D項(xiàng)正確。文章并未提到美國人在學(xué)習(xí)使用bug方面存在困難,排除A項(xiàng);英國人在華盛頓使用該詞之前已經(jīng)用過這個詞了,根據(jù)第一段中的“But the father of America was not the father of bug.”排除B項(xiàng);根據(jù)第一

9、段最后一句可排除C項(xiàng)。 2.D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties”可以判斷出D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“解釋”;B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;C項(xiàng)意為“來源”;D項(xiàng)意為“故障;缺陷”。 3.B　主旨大意題。概括全文,我們不難看出文章向我們介紹bug一詞的發(fā)展過程以及不同含義,故B項(xiàng)符合文章主旨。A項(xiàng)意為“對bug一詞的誤解”;C項(xiàng)意為“大眾對bug一詞的看法”;D項(xiàng)意為“bug一詞的特

10、殊之處”,均不能概括出全文內(nèi)容。 【疑難詞匯解讀】 refer v. referred　referring refer to 提到,談到 We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我們同意永遠(yuǎn)不再提這件事。 【長難句子分析】 But soon , . 但不久英國人就不再在他們的語言中使用bug了,留給美國人在19、20世紀(jì)繼續(xù)把臭蟲稱為bug。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Eleven－year－old twins Luke and Ryan Novo

11、lsel of Wilmette，Illinois，had a goal. The fifth－graders wanted to set a Guinness world record. Ryan Novolsel and his twin brother Luke hope that Guinness World Records will recognize their school for having the most sets of twins in a single grade. Some of their friends had already tried to jump on

12、 a pogo stick longer than anyone else. One even attempted to produce the loudest burp(打嗝). But none of them came close. Then Luke and Ryan realized that there were lots of other twins in their grade at Highcrest Middle School. They did a full count，and were amazed to discover 24 sets of twins in all

13、. “We were absolutely shocked，”Luke and Ryan's mother，Nancy Fendley，told the Associated Press. The boys figured they now had their Guinness record：most pairs of twins in one grade. The current record is 16 pairs，and is shared by Valley Southwoods Freshman High School in Iowa，Staples High School in

14、Connecticut，and Maine South High School in Illinois. Earlier this year，Luke and Ryan—with help from their parents—sent an application to Guinness. They added birth certificates，photos，and proof that all of the sets of twins attend Highcrest Middle School. They expected to hear back in several weeks

15、 on whether they actually set a new world record. Since 1980，twin birth rates have more than doubled in the United States，according to the Centers for Disease Control(CDC). The age of mothers has gone up over the years，and women in their 30s are more likely to give birth to twins. In 2009，one in ev

16、ery 30 infants was born a twin，compared with one in 53 infants in 1980. For Highcrest Middle School，the rise in twin births could be a ticket into the record books. Dave Palzet，the school's principal，said he is proud of his students' effort.“I think it is wonderful that they have taken it on themse

17、lves to research and work with the world record officials to obtain this great honor for Highcrest Middle School，”he said. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　Luke和Ryan發(fā)現(xiàn)他們學(xué)校有二十四對雙胞胎，他們向吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄提交了申請，希望創(chuàng)造一項(xiàng)一所學(xué)校單年級雙胞胎最多的世界紀(jì)錄。 1．According to Paragraph 2，what Luke and Ryan's friends did shows that ____________． A．they really hav

18、e a gift for doing sports B．they are interested in setting a Guinness world record C．they have tried many things to inspire Luke and Ryan D．they are trying their best to help the twins set a world record 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Some of their...came close.可知Luke和Ryan的一些朋友已經(jīng)嘗試過創(chuàng)造一些世界紀(jì)錄了，故可推斷他們對創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄很感興

19、趣。] 2．From Nancy Fendley's response in Paragraph 3，we infer that Luke and Ryan ____________． A．had thought they were the only twins at their school B．didn't expect there were so many twins at their school C．thought there would be at most 16 pairs of twins at their school D．felt disappointed whe

20、n they figured out the number of twins at their school 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“We were...told the Associated Press.可知這對雙胞胎沒有料到他們學(xué)校里有這么多雙胞胎?！盷 3．We know that compared to over thirty years ago，now in America ____________． A．mothers tend to give birth to babies in their early 20s B．mothers are less like

21、ly to give birth in their 30s C．mothers are more likely to give birth to twins D．mothers want to have more kids 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的In 2009，one...in 53 infants in 1980.可知跟三十多年前相比，現(xiàn)在雙胞胎出生率更高。] 4．What is Dave Palzet's attitude toward his students' effort? A．Angry. B．Worried. C．Indifferent. D．Sup

22、portive. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段的“I think it is wonderful...Highcrest Middle School，”he said.可推斷Dave Palzet支持學(xué)生們的行為。] 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Hong Kong is the world's shark fin capital. But a backlash(強(qiáng)烈抵制) from environmentalists and consumer groups is pressuring restaurants to s

23、top serving dishes containing the shark fin. Around 50 percent of all shark fins worldwide are traded through Hong Kong. In 2008，around 10，000 tons of fins from 87 countries passed through the city's ports. For environmentalists like Stanley Shea of French－founded Bloom Association，that must change

24、. He is trying to raise awareness in Hong Kong. Shea and his fellow activists have been quite effective. Over the last two years governments in Hong Kong and mainland China，as well as big corporations and hotel chains，have announced they will take shark fin soup off their menus and banquets. It is

25、in Hong Kong's Sheung Wan District that a lot of the shark fin trade happens. Here the local marine－product industry is suffering. Inside the small shops merchants talk freely about shark fins they sell these days. But in front of a camera nobody wants to mention shark fins；it is just too sensitive，

26、they say. Not far away，at restaurant Lin Heung Kui，shark fin soup is a common dish on the menu. Around lunchtime，it is mostly the elderly and tourists who visit the place. Shark fin soup has been the food of the rich and wealthy for hundreds of years in China. But times are slowly changing，said Ver

27、anica Mak，an anthropologist(人類學(xué)家) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong，who researches eating habits.“Not consuming shark fins becomes a kind of signifier to show you are a socially responsible person. In the past，when you wanted to show your social status，people made shark fins a signifier in a ba

28、nquet，but nowadays this signifier changes，”she said. Stanley Shea said young people were increasingly interested in social responsibility. He said that helped make his campaign a success in Hong Kong. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　香港可以說是世界魚翅交易中心，但隨著人們對魚翅消費(fèi)的強(qiáng)烈抵制，香港的魚翅交易量下降了。 1．By saying Hong Kong is the world's shark fi

29、n capital，the author means ____________． A．a(chǎn)lmost all people in Hong Kong love eating shark fins B．Hong Kong has the longest history of trading shark fins C．many of the world's shark fins are traded in Hong Kong D．restaurants in Hong Kong provide the most dishes of shark fins 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的

30、Around 50...Hong Kong.可推斷作者說香港是魚翅之都是因?yàn)槭澜缟洗蟾乓话氲聂~翅交易是在那里完成的，故選C。] 2．What is Stanley Shea of French－founded Bloom Association doing in Hong Kong? A．Making the government of Hong Kong know the harm of consuming shark fins. B．Asking merchants to trade shark fins somewhere else instead of in Hong Kong.

31、 C．Warning people of the harm to their health of eating shark fins. D．Fighting against shark fin consumption by raising awareness. 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的In 2008，...in Hong Kong.可知Stanley Shea在香港喚起民眾抵抗魚翅交易的意識，以此來抵制魚翅交易。] 3．Merchants don't like mentioning shark fins in front of a camera because ______

32、______． A．they are too sad to talk about them B．they are too angry to talk about this topic C．the topic is too sensitive for them to talk about D．they have been commanded not to talk about them 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的But in front...just too sensitive，they say.可知他們不愿意在攝像機(jī)前談?wù)擊~翅是因?yàn)檫@個話題太敏感了。] 4． It is

33、implied in Paragraph 4 that nowadays in Hong Kong ____________． A．the role of shark fins has changed B．only wealthy people like eating shark fins C．people consume shark fins in a secret way D．people don't know much about shark fins 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的In the past，...this signifier changes可知魚翅在香港人

34、們的生活中扮演的角色已經(jīng)變了。] 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 體裁 題材 詞數(shù) 難度 建議用時 記敘文 家庭教育 317 ★★★ 7分鐘 My daughter has been in karate (空手道) since the first grade，and has been in high honor and gifted classes her whole life.She is always a joy，and at 15，though people tell me we should be

35、fighting and she should be hanging out at malls and chasing boys，she is none of that.My 11－year－old son，Tom，for years would fight with me over everything.If I said the sky was blue，he would say it was black.For years he was failing several subjects.We took games away and then TV; we tried a reward p

36、rogram，but nothing worked long.He would bring a grade up to get his stuff (物品) back，and then go back to where he had been. My daughter told me one day to bring him to her karate class，and maybe life in the martial arts (武術(shù)) would help him turn around.At first he didn't like it because he had to ask

37、 permission to do anything，and he had to say “yes，sir” and “no，sir” for everything.He even had to respect his sister，because she was of a high rank.So he wanted to stop.However，my husband told our son，“If I can do this at 40 something years old，so can you.”And then I would take my whole family three

38、 or four times a week to learn martial arts. My son learned so much about a better way of living：respecting others，following the rules，and above all respecting himself.I am proud to say both of my kids are now high honor students，and we could not be closer than we are. There is always an answer to

39、 your problem.If you do your research or just ask another person，or even a kid for help，you will find it.And when it comes to our kids，the right answer is always worth finding. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷告訴父母們，在教育孩子的過程中遇到困難不要放棄，只要努力總會找到解決問題的辦法。 1．Before Tom learned karate，________． A．he didn't have a good s

40、ense of color B．his parents had tried many ways to change him C．he studied very hard to please his parents D．he didn't show any interest in physical exercise 答案　B　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，作者曾經(jīng)試過很多辦法改變兒子，但是都不奏效。] 2．How many people in the writer's family learned karate? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four

41、. 答案　C　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二段的最后兩句可知，作者家里學(xué)習(xí)空手道的有三個人：她的丈夫和兩個孩子。] 3．Tom didn't like his karate class at first because ________． A．it was too hard for him B．he thought he was too young C．he didn't get much freedom D．he hated being in the same class as his sister 答案　C　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，Tom剛開始不喜歡空手

42、道課因?yàn)樵诳帐值勒n堂上，Tom做任何事情都需要得到許可，言外之意沒有太多的自由。] 4．What is the biggest benefit that Tom has got from learning karate? A．He has learned to respect himself. B．He has learned to follow the rules. C．He has been closer to his family. D．He has become a high honor student. 答案　A　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“above all respecting himself”可知，對于Tom來說，最重要的是學(xué)會了尊重他自己。]