《廣東省2013年高考英語二輪復習 語法熱點突破第八講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《廣東省2013年高考英語二輪復習 語法熱點突破第八講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣(4頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、2013年高考第二輪復習英語廣東版 語法熱點突破
第八講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
一、情態(tài)動詞
1.情態(tài)動詞具有以下三個特點:
(1)后面接動詞原形。
(2)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
(3)變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要加助動詞,而是將情態(tài)動詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?;在情態(tài)動詞后加not,構(gòu)成否定句。
2.“情態(tài)動詞+have done”表示推測、必要性
情態(tài)動詞+have
+過去分詞
用法
must have done
表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進行推測,意為“想必/準是/一定做了某事”
can/could have done
表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和
2、疑問句中
could have done
可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已經(jīng)……”;此外,還可表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性,意為“本來可以……”
may/might (not)
have done
表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測,用于肯定句中,表示“也許已經(jīng)……”;在否定句中表示“可能不”,用might則表示語氣更加不肯定
should/ought (not)
to have done
用于肯定句中,表示“本該做某事,而實際上未做”;用于否定句中,則表示“不該做的事反而做了”
needn't have done
表示“本來沒必要做某事”,指做了本來不必去做的事
They must h
3、ave_fallen (fall)asleep.
I saw Mr. Wang just now.He couldn't have_gone (go)to Beijing.
You could have done better,but you were too careless.
You should have come to the meeting earlier.
3.表示能力,can與be able to一般可互換,但be able to可用于將來時和完成時等時態(tài);在表示過去具體某次能夠成功做成某事時,只能用was/were able to。
4.表示請求許可,可說May/Mi
4、ght/Can/Could I ...?但表示給予許可時,不能用might/could,即不說you might/could。
5.must與have to的區(qū)別:must強調(diào)主觀認為“必須”做某事,而have to 強調(diào)客觀上要求“不得不”做某事;have to 有過去式(had to)和將來時(will have to)等時態(tài);mustn't意為“不準”,don't have to=needn't,意為“不必”。另外,must還可表示“硬要,偏要”。
6.should可表示“萬一,竟然”。
7.表示“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當”,should和ought to可互換,只是ought to的語氣稍重;
5、should強調(diào)主觀看法,而ought to強調(diào)客觀要求。
8.shall在陳述句中表示說話者給對方的承諾、決心、警告、威脅等;也可在法令、條約、規(guī)章中表示強制,意為“必須,應(yīng)該”。還可以用于Shall I/he ...(要不要我/他……?……好嗎?)。
9.might/may as well“不妨,還是……為好”;had better do sth.“最好做某事”;would rather do sth.“寧愿做某事”。
10.“cannot help but+動詞原形”表示“不得不,只好”。
I cannot help but go.
11.cannot/can never ..
6、. enough/too ...表示“再……也不為過”。
You cannot be careful enough to cross the road.
二、虛擬語氣
類別
用法
例句
if引導的條件從句
與現(xiàn)在事
實相反
從句謂語動詞:過去式(be用were)
主句謂語動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形
If he were here,he would help us.
與過去事
實相反
從句謂語動詞:had+過去分詞
主句謂語動詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞
If I had been
7、free,I would have visited you.
與將來事
實相反
從句謂語動詞:過去式/should+動詞原形/were+不定式
主句謂語動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形
If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go camping.
其他狀語從句
as if引導的狀語從句中謂語動詞用過去式(與現(xiàn)在事實不符)或過去完成式(與過去事實不符)
The young man with long hair walks as if he were a girl.
in order that/so tha
8、t引導的狀語從句中謂語動詞用can/could/may/might/would等+動詞原形
Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
賓語
從句
demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”
He suggested that we (should)not change our mind.
wish后的從句中謂語動詞分別用過去式,過去完成式和should/would+動詞原形,表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反
I wish I could be a pop singer
9、.
主語
從句
在It is necessary/important/strange that...,It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that...等從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”
It is strange that such a person should be our friends.
其他句
型中
It is (high)time that...句型中that從句謂語動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形
It's high time that we left.
would rather所接的從句中th
10、at從句謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式
I would rather you stayed at home now.
if only句型中動詞常用過去式或過去完成式,表示強烈的愿望
If only our dream had come true!
即時訓練
Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞
1.(2011·江西高考)It ______ (not)be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock.
2.(2011·遼寧高考)If you ______ go,at least wait until the storm is over.
11、
3.(2011·新課標全國高考)They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
4.(2011·重慶高考)—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night.
5.(2011·浙江高考)—How's your new babysitter?
—We ______ (not)ask for a better one
12、.All our kids love her so much.
6.(2011·陜西高考)I ______(not)go through that bitter period without your generous help.
7.(2011·陜西高考)—Will you read me a story,Mummy?
—OK.You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
8.(2011·上海高考)I ______(not)worry about my weekend—I always have my plans
13、ready before it comes.
9.There ______(not)be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
10.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______ be very slow.
11.I ______ not stay for lunch.My brother is coming
14、to see me.
12.If I ______ plan to do anything I wanted to,I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
13.Tom,you ______ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
14.(2011·北京高考)—I don't really like James.Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry.He ______ not come.He
15、 said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
15.(2011·湖南高考)—No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh,you are really his big fan.
Ⅱ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children?The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ (not be)always late.
2.
16、(2011·北京高考)Maybe if I ______ (study)science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.
3.(2011·江西高考)We ______ (put)John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
4.If she ______(come)here tomorrow,she ______(tell)me that.We know she will fly to Beijing tomorr
17、ow.
5.If I ______(see)him tomorrow,I will give it to him.
6.I wish I ______(have)a room of my own when I was a boy.
7.I wish I ______(go)to university next year,so now I must study much harder.
8.I suggested that he ______(go)there at once.
9.He insisted he ______(send)to the city.
10.His expr
18、ession suggested that he ______(pass)the test.
11.I was ill yesterday.Otherwise,I ______(take)part in the sports meeting.
12.If only I ______(see)the film.
13.You ______(come)to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for your absence?
14.I ______(work)out the problem,but I was too nervous.
19、
15.They insisted that the boy ______(go)with them.
參考答案
第八講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
Ⅰ.1.can't 2.must 3.should 4.would 5.couldn't 6.couldn't
7.shall 8.needn't 9.shouldn't 10.can 11.can 12.could 13.must
14.might 15.can
Ⅱ.1.weren't 2.had studied 3.would have put 4.came/were to come/should come;might tell 5.see 6.had had 7.will go 8.(should) go 9.(should) be sent 10.had passed 11.would have taken 12.had seen 13.should have come 14.could have worked 15.(should) go