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1、2014高考英語閱讀理解：2013暑假練習(xí)題（20）及答案解析 閱讀理解（全部原創(chuàng)） 第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號涂黑。 A Now comes word from the University of California, Berkeley, a new study has confirmed that the richer you are the less compassionate you are In a study just published

2、in the journal Emotion, psychologist Jennifer Stellar sought to determine the empathic（感情移入的） capacities of a group of 300 college students, who had been hand-selected for maximum economic diversity. As a rule, college students have just one income level: poor. Stellar thus chose her subjects based

3、on the income of the people who respond to the requests and write the checks: the parents. In the first of three experiments, she had 148 of her subjects fill out reports how often they experience emotions such as joy, love, compassion and horror. She also had them agree or disagree with statements

4、 like “I often notice people who need help.” When the numbers on these lists were processed, Stellar found no meaningful personality differences among the students that could be attributable to income except one: across the board, the lower the subjects’ family income, the higher their score on comp

5、assion. The second study involved 64 subjects who watched two videos — an emotionally neutral instructional video on construction techniques, and a far more charged one that involved real families coping with a cancer-stricken child. Again, the subjects filled out emotional lists and again they sco

6、red similarly. But the lower-income volunteers continued to come out higher on the compassion-and-empathy scale. During this study, Stellar also used heartbeat monitors to determine their physical reactions to the two videos. There was, not surprisingly, no difference in heart rate when the instruc

7、tional video was playing, but when the cancer stories began, the heartbeats of the lower-income volunteers slowed noticeably — a counterintuitive(違反直覺的) sign of caring. An immediate threat to ourselves or another causes heart rate to jump, the better to snap into action to respond to the danger. An

8、emotional crisis can have the opposite physical effect on observers — helping them settle down to provide the quieter attention that simply listening and comforting requires. In the final part of the study, 106 of the participants were paired off and told to interview each other as if they were app

9、lying for a position as lab manager. So that the subjects would have real skin in the game, the ones who performed best in the interviews — as judged by Stellar— would win a cash prize. All of the subjects reported feeling the same levels of stress or anxiety when they were being interviewed, but on

10、ly the lower-income subjects were reliably able to detect the same feelings in their partner when the roles were reversed. So does this mean the rich really can’t feel the poor? A low score on the compassion scale doesn’t mean a lack of capacity for the feeling, Stellar argues. It may just mean a l

11、ack of experience observing — and tending to — the hardship others. Perhaps that helps explain why so many wealthy college kids find their way into the Peace Corps and other volunteer groups. 50. According to the text, which of the following statement is true? A. All the subjects went through all

12、the 3 experiments. B. Stellar carefully chose 300 college students according their personal income level. C. The rich really lacks the ability to feel pity for the poor. D. All the 3 experiments proved the same result. 51. In Stella’s opinion, the lower-income volunteers’ heart rate lowers when

13、______________. A. When they are having their first lesson in a new school. B. They are talking to someone they admire so much. C. They are trapped in a building suddenly on fire. D. They find someone is injured in an accident on the road. 52. We can infer from the third experiment that _______

14、________. A. Lab manager is a position with low income. B. The lower-income subjects win the cash prize. C. The interviewers are stressed and anxious when interviewing others. D. Both the interviewers and interviewees know the feelings in each other. 53. The underlined “across the board” probab

15、ly means ____________. A. applying to all B. on the opposite C. from one side to the other D. for instance 54.What can be the best title of the text? A. Without money? That’s not a big deal B. Hate money? Then try to be low-income C. Got money? Then you might lack sy

16、mpathy D. Too much money? Come to experience hardships B Parents divorced, little Buddy was in the care of his mother’s large Alabama family. Over the years, Buddy seldom saw either of his parents. But he was happy where he was and he had many kindly relatives, among wh

17、om Miss Sook was by far his best friend. Before Christmas, Buddy’s father had managed to get legal custody(法定監(jiān)護(hù)) of him for this Christmas. So, he had a new suit, with a card pinned with his name and address and made the trip alone, by bus, to New Orleans. Several things occurred that kept me awake

18、 the whole night. First, the footfalls, the noise of my father running up and down the stairs, breathing heavily, I had to see what he was up to. So I hid and watched. There was a Christmas tree and the fireplace downstairs. Moreover, I could see my father. He was crawling around under the tree arra

19、nging a pyramid of packages. I felt dizzy, for what I saw forced me to reconsider everything. If these were presents intended for me, then obviously they had not been ordered by the Lord and delivered by Santa Claus; no, they were gifts bought and wrapped by my father. Which meant that my rotten lit

20、tle cousin Billy Bob and other rotten kids like him weren’t lying when they laughed at me and told me there was no Santa Claus. The worst thought was: Had Sook known the truth, and lied to me? No, Sook would never lie to me. She believed. It was just that—well, though she was sixty-something, in som

21、e ways she was at least as much of a child as I was. I waited until I was sure he was in bed and sound asleep. Then I crept downstairs and examined the tags attached to each of the packages. They all said: “For Buddy.” I decided to open the packages: It was Christmas morning. I was awake, so why

22、not? I won’t bother to describe what was inside them: just shirts and sweaters and dull stuff like that. The only thing I appreciated was a toy gun. Somehow I got the idea it would be fun to waken my father by firing it. So I did. Bang. Bang. Bang. He raced out of his room, wild-eyed, Bang. Bang. Ba

23、ng. “Buddy—what the hell do you think you’re doing? Bang. Bang. Bang. “Stop that!” I laughed. “ Look, Daddy. Look at all wonderful things Santa Claus brought me.” Calm now, he walked into the room and hugged me. “You like what Santa Claus brought you?” I smiled at him. He smiled at me. There w

24、as a tender lingering(逗留不去的) moment, damaged when I said: “Yes. But what are you going to give me, Daddy?” His smile evaporated. His eyes narrowed suspiciously—you could see that he thought I was pulling some kind of trick. But then he blushed, as though he was ashamed to be thinking what he was thi

25、nking. He patted my head, and coughed and said: “Well, I thought I’d wait and let you pick out something you wanted. Is there anything particular you want?” I reminded him of the airplane we had seen in the toy store on Canal Street. His face sagged. Oh, yes, he remembered the airplane and how ex

26、pensive it was. Nevertheless, the next day I was sitting in that airplane dreaming I was zooming toward heaven while my father wrote out a check for a happy salesman, who promised to help ship the plane on the bus. But I wasn’t free of New Orleans yet. The problem was a large bottle of wine; may

27、be it was because of my departure, but anyway my father had been drinking it all day, and on the way to the bus station, he scared me by grabbing my wrist and harshly whispering: “I’m not going to let you go. I can’t let you go back to that crazy family in that crazy old house. Just look at what the

28、y’ve done to you. A boy six, almost seven, talking about Santa Claus! It’s all their fault, all those sour old spinsters with their Bibles and their knitting needles, those drunken uncles. Listen to me, Buddy. There is no God! There is no Santa Claus.” He was squeezing my wrist so hard that it ached

29、. “Kiss me. Please. Please. Kiss me. Tell your daddy that you love him.” But I couldn’t speak. I was terrified I was going to miss my bus. And I was worried about my plane, which was strapped to the top of the taxi. “Say it: ‘I love you.’ Say it. Please. Buddy. Say it.” It was lucky for me that o

30、ur taxi-driver was a good-hearted man. Because if it hadn’t been for his help, and the help of some efficient porters and a friendly policeman, I don’t know what would have happened when we reached the station. My father was so drunk he could hardly walk, but the policeman talked to him, quieted him

31、 down, helped him to stand straight, and the taxi-man promised to take him safely home. But my father would not leave until he had seen the porters put me on the bus. Once I was on the bus, I crouched in a seat and shut my eyes. I felt the strangest pain. A crushing pain that hurt everywhere. I t

32、hought if I took off my heavy city shoes, those crucifying monsters, the agony would ease. I took them off, but the mysterious pain did not leave me. In a way it never has; never will. Twelve hours later I was home in bed. The room was dark. Sook was sitting beside me, rocking in a rocking chair,

33、 a sound as soothing（令人舒暢的）as ocean waves. I had tried to tell her everything that had happened, and only stopped when I was hoarse（嘶啞的）as a howling dog. She stroked her fingers through my hair, and said: “Of course there is a Santa Clause. It’s just that no single somebody could do all he has to do

34、. So the Lord has spread the task among us all. That’s why everybody is Santa Claus. I am. You are. Even you cousin Billy Bob. Now go to sleep. Count stars. Think of the quietest thing. Like snow. I’m sorry you didn’t get to see any. But now snow is falling through the stars—” Stars sparkled, snow w

35、hirled inside my head; the last thing I remembered was the peaceful voice of the Lord telling me something I must do. And the next day I did it. I went with Sook to the post office and bought a penny postcard. That same postcard exists today. It was found in my father’s safety deposit box when he di

36、ed last year. Here is what I had written him: Hello pop hope you are well I am and I am turning to pedal my plane so fast I will soon be in the sky so keep your eyes open and yes I love you Buddy. 55.When Buddy asked his Daddy for Christmas presents, his father’s reaction suggested that

37、_________________. A. He felt sorry he forgot to prepare presents for his son. B. He thought his son should have known all the presents were sent by him, not Santa Claus. C. It was difficult for him to accept that his son is so greedy. D. He was ashamed of not knowing what his son liked. 56. On

38、ce Buddy was on the bus, he felt the strangest pain . The reason probably is _____________. A. His father squeezed him so hard that it ached. B. His father was very drunk and had difficulty returning home. C. He didn’t say “I love you” to his father. D. He had an argument with his father at home

39、. 57. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Buddy didn’t tell his Daddy “I love you” until his death. B Buddy’s father and Miss Sook were people of different personalities. C. Buddy still held the belief that there was Santa Claus. D. Buddy finally mailed a postcard to his father.

40、58. What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A. Cousin Billy Bob had a good relationship with Buddy. B. Miss had no idea of Santa Clause, and lied to Buddy. C. Father loved Buddy very much and prepared a lot of gifts for him. D. Buddy was afraid of his father for they had been separated lo

41、ng time. 59. The following words can describe Miss Sook except ______________. A. old B. clever C. naughty D. trusted 60. Which of the following can be the best title of passage? A. Is There a Santa Clause in the World? B. A Christmas Memory C. How to Celebrate C

42、hristmas in a Meaningful Way? D. A Christmas of a Divorced Family 參考答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 51-55 DDBAC 56-60 BCACCB(2’*20=40’) 文章大意A 文章介紹了一個(gè)新的研究，證實(shí)了人錢越多同情心越少的這一說法。 50. D 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從三個(gè)試驗(yàn)的最后描述情況都驗(yàn)證了同一個(gè)結(jié)果：錢越少的人越容易起同情心。故選D。 51. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章的第五段可以看出，低收入的志愿者的心跳會(huì)下降當(dāng)他們看到路上有人在事故中受傷時(shí)。故選D。 52.B 推理判

43、斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段but only the lower-income subjects were reliably able to detect the same feelings in their partner when the roles were reversed.可推斷出是低收入志愿者在試驗(yàn)表現(xiàn)中更好。故選B。 53. A 詞義推測題。Stellar發(fā)現(xiàn)這些學(xué)生沒有因?yàn)榧彝ナ杖攵置黠@個(gè)性上的不同，除了一條：所有試驗(yàn)體都適用----家庭收入越低，他們的同情分越高。故選A。 54. C 主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，C項(xiàng)正是這次研究的結(jié)果。 文章大意B 通過主人公小Bud

44、dy 小時(shí)候一段與爸爸共度圣誕的經(jīng)歷，向我們講述了父子之情、親情、人性的美好。 55. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段His smile evaporated. His eyes narrowed suspiciously—you could see that he thought I was pulling some kind of trick. But then he blushed, as though he was ashamed to be thinking what he was thinking可以看出父親覺得我應(yīng)該知道禮物是他送的，而不是圣誕老人。 56. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)

45、第四段父親一定要我說“我愛你”，而我卻不肯說。我明明感受到了父親的愛，卻表達(dá)不出來，這讓我感到非常痛苦。故選C。 57. A 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從最后一段That same postcard exists today. It was found in my father’s safety deposit box when he died last year.可知父親是收到了我的明信片并一直把它保存在保險(xiǎn)箱里。父親早就知道了我對他的感情。故選A。 58. C 從第一段父親連夜準(zhǔn)備禮物，running up and down the stairs, breathing heavily等細(xì)節(jié)可知，父親非常在意我的圣誕節(jié)，準(zhǔn)備了很多禮物。顧答案選C。 59. C 歸納題。從第一段she was sixty-something可知她是年紀(jì)大的；從最后一段她給我解釋有沒有圣誕老人是可以知道她又是睿智的；從第一段我對她的印象和最后一段又可以看出，她是值得信賴的。故選C。 60. B 主旨大意題。綜合全文可知，尤其是最后我又現(xiàn)身提到了那封明信片，所以“圣誕的回憶”最符合題意。故選B。 *****************************************************************結(jié)束