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111 Period 3: Grammar—Review of verb forms (1) Objectives ● To review present simple, present continuous, present perfect and future reference; for and since with present perfect ● To use the present perfect tense: for or since Procedures ▇ Reviewing Present simple, present continuous, present perfect Active Tenses Simple Present Present Action or Condition General Truths Non-action; Habitual Action Future Time I hear you. Here comes the bus. There are thirty days in September. I like music. I run on Tuesdays and Sundays. The train leaves at 4:00 p.m. Present Progressive Activity in Progress Verbs of Perception I am playing soccer now He is feeling sad Present Perfect With verbs of state that begin in the past and lead up to and include the present To express habitual or continued action With events occurring at an indefinited or unspecified time in the past -- with ever, never, before THE PASSIVE TENSES Simple present active: passive: The company ships the computers to many foreign countries. Computers are shipped to many foreign countries. Present Progressive active: passive: The chef is preparing the food. The food is being prepared. Present Perfect active: passive: Someone has made the arrangements for us. The arrangements have been made for us. ■ Using the Present Perfect Tense: FOR or SINCE? We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and continues up to the present. Examples I have had this computer for about a year. How long have you been at this school? I haven't seen Julia since September. Tip! For other uses of the Present Perfect tense, see the Present Perfect Tense - When To Use. We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two years. We use since with the time when the action started, for example: last year, June 8, I met you. Each of these present perfect sentences contains a time expression. Each time expression is a length of time (which requires FOR) or a starting time (which requires SINCE). 1 Maya has been a professional ________ 1989. 2 So far, it has rained ________ five hours. 3 I haven't been snowboarding ________ last winter. 4 Jo has been a student here ________ March. 5 The beaver has been an emblem of Canada ________ many years. 6 Cougars have almost disappeared from the Victoria area ________ humans settled here. 7 Mary has kept a diary ________ she was ten years old. 8 First Nations people in British Columbia have told stories about the eagle ________ hundreds of years. 9 The Canadian two-dollar coin (or toonie) has been in circulation ________ 1996. 10 They've been married ________ twenty-five years. 11 I haven't phoned home______ Christmas. 12 We've been here__________ nine o'clock. 13 I have worked for International House__________ more than eight years. 14 I haven't visited my home town_________ I left school. 15 I haven't been to the cinema__________ ages. 16 I have studied non-stop_________ 9.15. 17 I have had a driving licence_________I was eighteen. 18 She hasn't had a day off _________1999. 19 Johan has been in England__________more than two weeks now. 20 Peter has been my best friend_________ we were nine. ■Closing down by deciding if you need for or since with these time expressions. ---for/since last weekend ---for/since ten seconds ---for/since Christmas Eve ---for/since a decade ---for/since I finished school ---for/since a couple of days ---for/since my birthday ---for/since a long time ---for/since ten centuries ---for/since the 70s ---for/since I was a boy ---for/since August ---for/since the last month ---for/since fifteen years ---for/since the accident ---for/since then ---for/since we bought this house ---for/since last month ---for/since a millennium ---for/since I met you 111