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1、閱讀理解二輪訓(xùn)練（5） 社會文化（閱讀理解）由 (2013陜西,C)改編 According to sociologists(社會學(xué)家),every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(階層).Class,power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society. Class means a person’s economic position in society.A commonly used classifica

2、tion is lower class,middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined,they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.Interesti

3、ngly,a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning$50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class! Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously,people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power,but people who take o

4、rders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand,however.For example,the governor of a state has great power,but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相應(yīng)的)economic class.Generally,however,there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge,there aren

5、’t too many people who aren’t millionaires in the U.S.Senate! Status is the honor or respect attached to a person’s position in society.It can also be affected by power and class,but not necessarily so.For example,a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class o

6、r have a lot of power over others. 1.What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?(　　) A.People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class. B.Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class. C.People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class. D.Sociologists have

7、a clear definition of the middle class. 2.According to the text,we know that 　　　.? A.power and class do not always correspond with each other B.status refers to a person’s economic position in society C.people with high status have a lot of control over others D.class is less important in decid

8、ing a person’s social rank 3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(　　) 　　語篇解讀:這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會中的階級、權(quán)力以及社會地位的不同含義及相互之間的關(guān)系。 答案及剖析:1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.”可知,將近一半的美國

9、人屬于中產(chǎn)階級。故B項正確。 2.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Power and class do not always go hand in hand”以及后面所舉的例子可知,權(quán)力和階級并不總是一致的。 3.A　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知,文章首先在第一段總述了“Class,power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society.”然后分別在第二、三、四段說明了class,power以及status的含義及劃分,故文章為“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案為A。 【疑難詞匯解讀】 1.regard sb.as將某人

10、認(rèn)為是…… She is widely regarded as the current leader’s natural successor. 人們普遍認(rèn)為她是現(xiàn)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的當(dāng)然繼承者。 2.hand in hand密切關(guān)聯(lián) Wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies. 在大多數(shù)社會里,財富和權(quán)力都是密切相關(guān)的。 【長難句子分析】 有趣的是,年薪50萬美元的外科醫(yī)生和年薪5萬美元的公交車司機都稱自己為中產(chǎn)階級。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 　　As

11、 the thrills of the London 2012 Olympic Games fade, the focus now is on the 2016 Olympic Games in Brazil. Over the next two years it hosted the FIFA Confederation Cup in June 2013 and will host the FIFA World Cup in 2014. Brazil has taken steps to increase the economic profits by safeguarding the in

12、terests of broadcasters and funders. 　　In 2009, the Brazil passed the Brazilian Olympic Act and the so-called World Cup Law in 2012, which are designed to fight ambush(隱性)marketing and digital piracy(盜版), and regulate advertising in and around official sporting sites. 　　The Brazilian World Cup L

13、aw goes much further in protecting the interests of right owners than Brazil’s pre-existing legislation(立法)in this area, the so-called Pele Law. For example, the World Cup Law bans anyone but the official broadcaster from using images of events. However, it does permit use for non-commercial purpose

14、s. It also requires that FIFA or its local broadcaster provide highlights up to two hours after each match. Other items allow protection of trademarks associated with the event and ban unauthorized association with the event’s marks. 　　The Pele Law permits, as an information right, both access to

15、sporting sites and the use of images for journalistic purposes. It is, however, unlikely that such an understanding will be gained in relation to the World Cup Law which governs access to and use of images specifically in relation to the FIFA World Cup 2014. Although the Brazilian Olympic Act regula

16、tes the IP(知識產(chǎn)權(quán))relating to the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, it remains silent on broadcasting rights. 　　Whatever the benefits, it seems clear that IP rights in general, and broadcasting rights in particular, will continue to play a key role in bringing in funds. If past experience is anything to go

17、 by, Rio 2016 not only promises new sporting achievements, but also the breaking of new records in terms of profits produced from the sale of broadcasting and other media rights. 【文章大意】文章主要介紹了巴西保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的World Cup Law和Pele Law。 1. The 2016 Olympics　　　. A. promises to break many records B. will ex

18、perience challenges in funding C. promises to be the greatest in history D. will bring great benefits to Brazil 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Brazil has taken steps to increase the economic profits by safeguarding the interests of broadcasters and funders. 可知, 巴西將會從2016年奧運會中獲得經(jīng)濟增長。故選D。 2. The World Cup Law

19、 and the Pele Law are different in that　　　. A. the former is stricter than the latter in protecting IP rights B. the World Cup Law allows the media more freedom to use the images C. the former applies to advertising while the latter marketing D. the Pele Law bans more unauthorized association w

20、ith the event’s marks 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的The Brazilian World Cup Law goes much further in protecting the interests of right owners than Brazil’s pre-existing legislation in this area, the so-called Pele Law. 以及下文可知, the World Cup Law比the Pele Law在保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面更嚴(yán)厲。 3. The passage mainly talks about　　　.

21、 A. the advances that Brazil has made in hosting sporting events B. the efforts that Brazil is making to protect the interests of IP right owners C. the preparations that Brazil is making for the 2016 Olympics D. the challenges that Brazil is facing in investment to fund the sporting events 【解析

22、】選B。主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了巴西的保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的World Cup Law和Pele Law, 這說明了巴西正在在保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面做出努力。故選B。 4. The writer’s attitude toward Rio 2016 is　　　. A. indifferent　　　　　B. positive C. negative D. unclear 【解析】選B。觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的Rio 2016 not only promises new sporting achievements, but also the breaking of new records i

23、n terms of profits produced from the sale of broadcasting and other media rights. 可知, 作者對Rio 2016充滿希望。故選B。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 　　Once upon a time, on his way to the Himalayas, was a saint(圣徒). He came across a shallow river he had to cross. Just when he was about to wet

24、 his feet, he saw a scorpion(蝎子)helplessly trying to come out of the river. It was almost touching the bank but not enough to gain hold of the ground. The saint saw scorpion’s struggle and decided to save it. He picked up the scorpion in his right hand with the intention to place it on the dry sur

25、face. No sooner did he do that than the scorpion stung and rushed off the hand, landing in the water again. It struggled to come out of water again. The saint’s body was in pain but his mind, calm. Seeing that the scorpion could lose its life, the saint used left hand this time to lift the scorpio

26、n out of water. However, it panicked and stung again. Once again, it sped off the hand and fell in water. He was left with both hands filled with pain. He was not the one to give up either. He tried again. This time, he cupped his hands together and lifted the scorpion in one swift movement. Befor

27、e it could react, he safely dropped it on the land. The scorpion disappeared into the pebbles that lay near the bank. He felt happy, for he succeeded in carrying out his rescue, for saving another life. It was worth the pain he thought. At a distance, a man, surprised and shocked, had watched the

28、whole process. He approached the saint and said, “Can I ask you a question please? ” “Yes, you may. ” “First of all, there was no need to save a scorpion. It does no good to anybody. Secondly, if you must save it, you could have simply tried once. I’m surprised that even after it stung you, you st

29、ill went on. Why? ” “Oh! That’s pretty simple, ”he replied softly rubbing his stung hands against each other. “This was a scorpion, a creature really low on the food chain, a creature whose nature is to sting(蜇), to panic, to harm. It is supposed to be weak. However, I am supposed to be a saint, a

30、person whose job is to love everybody, to offer love. I am supposed to be the strong one, the one higher up on the food chain. With my principles, my philosophy(人生觀)and practice, I am supposed to save other creatures. Right? ” The man nodded. 【文章大意】一個圣徒從河里拯救一只蝎子時, 先后被蜇了兩次, 但他仍舊努力把它救了出來。這讓一位路人非常不理

31、解。這位圣徒告訴他: 作為一個圣徒, 我的職責(zé)是向所有的生命傳達(dá)愛, 拯救其他的生命是我最大的幸福。 1. When a saint saw a scorpion struggling to come out of the river, he　　　. A. was in the shallow river B. was climbing the Himalayas C. was on the river bank D. had just crossed the river 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知, 從前, 有一個圣徒, 他徒步行走在前往喜馬拉雅山的路上。途經(jīng)一條

32、小河, 當(dāng)他正要踏入小河時, 一只掙扎想逃離水面的蝎子映入眼簾。由此可判斷出答案為C。 2. Why did the scorpion sting and rush off his right hand? A. Because it was full of panic at that time. B. Because it wanted to get to the bank itself. C. Because the saint harmed it badly. D. Because the saint tried to kill it. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

33、第三段中的However, it panicked and stung again. 可知, 當(dāng)時是因為驚慌失措, 蝎子才對他進(jìn)行攻擊。故答案為A。 3. How did the man nearby feel at the saint’s behaviour of saving the scorpion? A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Frightened. D. Puzzled. 【解析】選D。觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容: 首先, 拯救一只蝎子是沒有必要的, 對誰來說這都是沒有好處的。其次, 您救它一次就夠了。令人驚訝的是, 即便它蜇了您, 您卻

34、仍舊努力去救它。這是為什么? 由此可判斷出他對圣徒的行為感到迷惑不解。故答案為D。 4. From the passage we can infer　　　. A. the saint regretted having saved the scorpion later B. the scorpion stung the saint three times in all C. the man thought the saint a fool and left angrily D. the saint thought it his duty to save other creatures 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容: 作為一個圣徒, 我的職責(zé)是向所有生命傳達(dá)愛。我的原則、人生觀和生活歷練告訴我, 我應(yīng)該拯救其他的生命。由此可判斷出答案為D。