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1、2014高考英語閱讀理解：2013暑假練習(xí)題（22）及答案解析 (第 篇) “Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’ s probably worth listening to. Her point is that blind luck

2、 is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’ re a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (樹樁) for a rabbit to run out and break it

3、s neck. A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’ s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it’ s practical advice you can follow each day. Wiseman conducted a

4、n experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took ab

5、out two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. It’s easy to compare t

6、his situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “l(fā)ucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day. I first came to China in 2002 when it

7、was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ ve also never been sick,

8、 had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman’ s studies I think not. As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it’s important to consider

9、 how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem. Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English. [語篇解讀]　本文為議論文。作者認(rèn)為命運(yùn)只垂青那些有所準(zhǔn)備的人。身處逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方設(shè)法化厄運(yùn)為好運(yùn)。每

10、個(gè)人都可以做自己命運(yùn)的主人。 1．Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer’ s point? A. Make the best of a bad job. B. Rome was not built in a day. C. All is not gold that glitters. D. A good heart conquers ill fortune. [解析]　推理判斷題。Make the best of a bad job意為“身處山窮水盡，力爭柳暗花明”，與最后一段作者的觀點(diǎn)“try to

11、 turn bad luck into good(把厄運(yùn)變好運(yùn))”最為接近。故答案為A。Rome was not built in a day意為“偉業(yè)非一日可成”；All is not gold that glitters意為“閃光的東西并不都是金子”；A good heart conquers ill fortune意為“善心克厄運(yùn)”。 [答案]　A 2．What do you know about Oprah Winfrey? A. She became famous through her family background. B. She was very lucky and

12、 seldom suffered setbacks in her life. C. She is a British talk show host. D. She became successful by her own effort. [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的a self-made billionaire可知美國talk show主持人oprah Winfrey是從白手起家，通過自我奮斗而成名的。 [答案]　D 3．The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show________. A. l

13、uck is in your own hand B. bad luck can turn into good C. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you D. man can conquer nature [解析]　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可以判斷，作者引用中國“守株待兔”的故事是為了說明“人們不應(yīng)該待在家里等待機(jī)會(huì)的降臨”的觀點(diǎn)。 [答案]　C 4．From the experiment Wiseman drew the conclusion that________. A.

14、 lucky people are quick-minded B. unlucky people are slow to read C. lucky people often have an open mind D. unlucky people are more creative [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段內(nèi)容，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，Wiseman通過試驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：“幸運(yùn)的人”具有開放的心態(tài)，做事不墨守成規(guī)。 [答案]　C 5．The underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“________”． A.

15、 recognize B. mark C. locate D. receive [解析]　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文語境及The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message可知spot在句中用作及物動(dòng)詞，是“發(fā)現(xiàn)，識(shí)別”之意。 [答案]　A [長難句解讀]　You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to

16、come to you. but前后為兩個(gè)并列分句。在第一個(gè)分句中不定式短語to find a good job用作結(jié)果狀語。第二個(gè)分句含有一個(gè)賓語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞短語waiting for the opportunity to come to you作伴隨狀語。 *******************************************************結(jié)束 (第 篇) Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that qu

17、estion may depend on your age. Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(觀察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to

18、 two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25. The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the lar

19、ger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time. Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In s

20、ome of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than

21、 the real smaller orange circle. When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled—they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often ident

22、ified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time. As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the o

23、range circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick. 1. Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate________. A. children’s and adults’ eye-sight B. people’s ability to see accurately C. children’s and adults’ brains D. the infl

24、uence of people’s age [解析]　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。第二段第二行可以得出結(jié)論。 [答案]　B 2. When asked to find the larger circle，________. A. children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around B. only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around C. children at 4 got it right about 79 %

25、of the time with gray ones around D. adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around [解析]　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。第三段清晰地說明了辨別圓圈的比例。 [答案]　C 3. According to the passage, we can know that________. A. a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background B. an orange circle appears bigger than

26、a gray one of the same size C. a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size D. a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size [解析]　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，對(duì)第四段整體的理解和第五段最后一句可以得出答案。 [答案]　D 4. Visual context may work when children get older than________. A. 4

27、 B. 6 C. 10 D. 18 [解析]　考查推理判斷能力。從第五段和第六段第一句判斷得出答案。 [答案]　B 5. Why are younger children not fooled? A. Because they are smarter than older children and adults. B. Because older people are influenced by their experience. C. Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older. D. Be

28、cause their brain can hardly notice related things together. [解析]　考查推理判斷能力。第四、五、六段提及到46歲小孩和6歲以上小孩的區(qū)別是判斷的依據(jù)。 [答案]　D ***************************************************結(jié)束 （A） （文章選自China Daily，略有刪減，題目原創(chuàng)） People being tested for radiation exposure The crisis at the damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nu

29、clear Power Station in northern Japan has raised worries about radiation risks. We spoke Tuesday with Jonathan Links, an expert in radiation health sciences. He is a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland. Professor Links says workers within the nuclear plant a

30、re the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation. JONATHAN LINKS: "Of course, we don't know what doses they've received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers." For other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. People can get cancer from lo

31、w doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident. Professor Links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. Then they measure how large an area is contaminated. He says if the situation is serious enough, officials cou

32、ld take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water. JONATHAN LINKS: "But that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto wat

33、er, plants, fruits and vegetables." The reactors at Fukushima are on the Pacific coast. But Professor Links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean. JONATHAN LINKS: "Even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution.

34、So the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low." Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. That memory from?World War Two would create a stronger "psychological sensitivity" to radiation exposure, Professors Links says. Next month is the twen

35、ty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The nineteen eighty-six event was the world's worst accident in the nuclear power industry. A new United Nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. These are in

36、people who were children in affected areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths. The cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. The milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had falle

37、n. To get the latest updates, go to . Contributing: James Brooke 41．The passage mainly tells us __________. A. What measures the Japan Government takes to solve the nuclear crisis . B. Worries and influences caused by the nuclear crisis . C. With great efforts of scientists , the Japan Govern

38、ment has put the nuclear crisis under control . D. To explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries. 42．Which of the following is not the influences caused by the leak of Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station? A. Workers at the nuclear station are suffering the r

39、isk of death . B. People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident. C. The radioactive material may be blown over the area causing the pollution to water . D. The concentration of radioactivity in the seawater can not be diluted. 43. What’s the

40、meaning of the underlined word “dilution”? A. chemical B. salt C. dissolution D. release 44. According to the passage which of the following is not TRUE ? A. Water people drink ,food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation . B. Japan is the only country to have had

41、atomic bombs dropped on it. C. You can go to . to get the latest news . D. The nuclear accident in Japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry. A篇內(nèi)容提要： 該文講述的是日本大地震所引起的海嘯造成了，日本福島核電站的損毀，并造成了核輻射。這引起了日本人民及全世界人民的深切關(guān)注。作者引用科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)解讀了日本福島核事故對(duì)日本乃至周邊國

42、家所造成的影響。 41．B 本題主要考查對(duì)文章主要意思的概括和把握。A C D 幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與文章原文不符，這篇文章主要人們對(duì)日本核輻射事故的關(guān)注和擔(dān)心。 42．D 本題是對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的考查。A B C 選項(xiàng)在文章當(dāng)中都有提及。“Professor Links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.”“ People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the

43、 kind released in a nuclear accident.”“ the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables.”由文中“JONATHAN LINKS: "Even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution.”可知海水可以對(duì)核物質(zhì)起到稀釋作用

44、，故選D。 43．C 根據(jù)下文“So the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low.”可知與dilution 的意思最接近的應(yīng)該是dissolve 溶解。 44．D 本題考查文章的細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第五段“Next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The nineteen eighty-six

45、 event was the world's worst accident in the nuclear power industry.” 切爾諾貝利核電事故是核電使上最嚴(yán)重的事故。 ************************************************************結(jié)束 （A） （根據(jù)雅虎網(wǎng)站廣告原創(chuàng)命題） New York City Hotels 1. The Plaza Midtown, New York, New York Hotel class

46、 CHECK RATES FROM $866/NIGHT Now what was expected By Walt, 8/10/10 Well the Plaza is the only way to go right? Wrong. The room was incredibly tiny and we even upgraded to a larger room. I would hate to see what the smaller rooms were like. we h

47、ad to wait over 3 hours to get checked in as they were running behind… More ?Map Details Add to Trip Reviews(117) 2. ?Doubletree Guest Suites Times Square-New York City Theatre District, New York, New York Hotel class CH

48、ECK RATES FROM $507/NIGHT Timer of our lives By A Yahoo! Contributor, 2/14/11 We loved it here, it is close to everything. This was the first time my family had been to NYC and can not wait to go back. I have highly recommended this hotel to all my friends. It was

49、 definitely worth the time and money…More Map Details Add to Trip Reviews(70) 3. The Benjamin Turtle Bay, New York, New York Hotel class CHECK RATES FROM $511/NIGHT Terrible Service from their Accounting Department

50、 By Todd, 8/2/10 While we enjoyed the stay at this hotel, we have been disputing a bogus charge on our credit card that they insisted is not their problem but Yahoo's. Yahoo clearly charged us the correct amount on both…More Map Details Add to Trip Reviews(319) 4. Jet Luxury Resorts At S

51、t. Regis, New York Midtown, New York, New York Hotel class CHECK RATES FROM $595/NIGHT Incredible! By BillC, 8/23/08 We came here for our 5 year anniversary and stayed for the weekend. We were treated like royal

52、ty. The manager of the hotel arranged a special suite for us with champagne waiting for us. The bed was amazingly comfortable and the food service was out of the world… More Map Details Add to Trip Reviews(28) 45. This advertisement is most probably taken from __________. C. 46.

53、 Which hotel is the most expensive? A. The Plaza B. Doubletree Guest Suites Times Square C. The Benjamin D. Jet Luxury Resorts At St. Regis 47. How many visitors really enjoy their stay in these hotels according to their reviews? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 48. Where is The Benjamin exactly located? A. New York B. Midtown C. Theatre District D. Turtle Bay 參考答案 A篇: 45-48 、BABD