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1、第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語法專項(xiàng)語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1010動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成在一般情況下用動(dòng)詞原形，若主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加s或es?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況直接加sreadreads；loveloves以s，o，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加espasspasses；boxboxes；teachteaches；washwashes以輔音字母y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕，再加escarrycarries；studystudies不規(guī)則變化 havehas；beam/is/are2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)間狀語alway

2、s，usually，often，sometimes，hardly，never，every day，on Sunday，every evening，every month，once a week等。3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。如：I often take a walk in the park.我經(jīng)常在公園散步。These Tshirts are new.這些T恤是新的。(2)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理。如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽東升西落。(3)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)

3、作。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨，我將在戶外騎自行車。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來的時(shí)候，我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)1.一般過去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語動(dòng)詞的過去式其他.I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天去看電影了。否定句主語didnt動(dòng)詞原形其他.I didnt go to the cinema y

4、esterday.我昨天沒看電影。一般疑問句及其答語Did主語動(dòng)詞原形其他？肯定回答：Yes，主語did.否定回答：No，主語didnt/did not.Did you go to the cinema yesterday？你昨天去看電影了嗎？Yes，I did./No，I didnt.是的，我去了。/不，我沒去。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞did主語動(dòng)詞原形其他？Where did you go yesterday？你昨天去了哪兒？I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天去看電影了。(2)be 動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語was/were其他.I was at

5、home yesterday.我昨天在家。否定句主語wasnt/werent其他.I wasnt at home yesterday.我昨天沒在家。一般疑問句及其回答Were/Was主語其他？Were you at home yesterday?你昨天在家嗎？Yes，I was./No，I wasnt.是的，我在家。/不，我不在家。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞were/was主語其他？Where were you yesterday？你昨天在哪？2.動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加edwashwashed；helphelped以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾加dhopehop

6、ed；likeliked以輔音字母y結(jié)尾 變y為i，再加edcarrycarried；studystudied結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加edstopstopped；planplanned(2)不規(guī)則變化(見九年級(jí)英語課本P184附表)3一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語yesterday，last month，two weeks ago，in 1987，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once u

7、pon a time，long long ago等。4一般過去時(shí)的用法(1)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：What did you do yesterday？昨天你做了什么？I went swimming.我去游泳了。(2)表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：When I was at middle school，I often went to school by bike.我讀中學(xué)時(shí)，經(jīng)常騎自行車去學(xué)校?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)1.一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成如：I am going to Beijing next week.我打算下周去

8、北京。It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨了。2一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next week，soon，in一段時(shí)間，in the future等。3一般將來時(shí)的用法(1)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They will go to the mountains tomorrow.他們明天去爬山。(2)表示將來的意愿、決心、許諾、命令。如：I will do my best to catch up with them.我將會(huì)盡最大的努力趕上他們。Shall I open the

9、door？我能打開門嗎？考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成由be動(dòng)詞(am，is，are)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下表：情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加inglooklooking；workworking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾去e，再加ingwritewriting；dancedancing以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)先雙寫詞尾的字母再加ingbeginbeginning；swimswimming以ie結(jié)尾的詞變ie為y再加ingdiedying；lielying；tietyingnow，these days，at the moment，right now，lo

10、ok，listen等。3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示現(xiàn)在(說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。如：He is reading at the school library.他正在圖書館看書。(2)表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。如：Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.這些日子格林先生正在寫另一本書。(3)已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來的活動(dòng)。類似的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等。如：I am leaving for Qingdao next week.我打算下周去青島。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 5 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)

11、行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成由be 動(dòng)詞(was/were)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。2過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語at seven oclock yesterday evening，at this time last night，at that moment，from seven to nine yesterday等。3過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday morning?昨天上午九點(diǎn)她在做什么？(2)在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么都可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：While I

12、 was cooking in the kitchen，he was cleaning his room.當(dāng)我在廚房做飯的時(shí)候，他正在打掃房間。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 6 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成由have/has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(1)與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：I have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)生活了40多年。(2)與already，never，ev

13、er，just等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：I have already found my book.我已經(jīng)找到我的書了。(3)與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：lately，recently，in the past few years，these few years，these days，up to now，so far等。如：The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在過去兩年時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。Have you seen her parents these days?這些天你看

14、見她的父母了嗎？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和already(肯定句)，yet(疑問句)連用。如：I have already had a rest.我已經(jīng)休息一會(huì)兒了。(2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并還要繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常和“for時(shí)間段”以及“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用。如：He has been away for two days.他已經(jīng)離開兩天了。十年真題十年真題全練全練

15、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是臨沂近十年英語中考單項(xiàng)填空和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用的必考點(diǎn)，考查的內(nèi)容多為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。預(yù)計(jì)在2018年臨沂英語中考中，單項(xiàng)填空仍然會(huì)有1道題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用仍是考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的主要題型?？疾閷ο罂赡苁且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)1.2016臨沂，17Did you call Jenny?Oh no，I forgot.I _ her right away.Acalled Bhave calledCcall Dwill callD22012臨沂，2

16、5Traveling to space is no longer just a dream.Russia _ the first hotel in space in the near future.A builds Bwill buildCbuild Dhas build32011臨沂，29Chen Guangbiao says he _ all his money to charities when he dies.Aleaves BleftCwill leave Dwould leaveBC考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4.2014臨沂，24Turn off the water wh

17、ile you _ your teeth or washing your hands.Awere brushing BbrushCare brushing Dbrushed52011臨沂，25Look!Jack and his monkey _ flying disk together in the garden.Ais playing Bwas playingCare playing Dwere playing CC考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 5 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)6.2015臨沂，20Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he_ around

18、the world.Awas traveling Bis travelingCtraveled DtravelsA考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 6 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)7.2016臨沂，24“I want to go to Mars(火星)，because its a place that no one _ to before，”said Carson.Ahas gone Bhas been Cwas Dwent82010臨沂，32I must return the dictionary to Allen now.I_ it for three weeks already.Akept Bwill keep Ck

19、eep Dhave kept92008臨沂，22He_a million yuan to Wenchuan since the earthquake.Ahas given away Bgave awayChave given away Dgives awayBDA猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測單項(xiàng)填空1Look!A dog _a blind man across the road.Aleads Blead Cis leadingDled2Where were you when I called?I _ on the bed.Alied Bwas lying Clay Dwas lieing3Would yo

20、u like to see the movie Zootopia with us?Id love to!But I _ it.Asaw Bsee Cwill see Dhave seenCBD4Where did you go last weekend?I _ to the Mengshan Mountain.Ago Bwent Cwill go Dhave gone5I heard your father had gone to Beijing on business.Yes.And he _ in three weeks.Awill return Bhas returnedCreturned DreturnsBA