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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors,說起木乃伊，人們總會立刻想起埃及。但最近的消息說，秘魯?shù)囊粋€墓地中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具女性木乃伊，更與眾不同的是，這具木乃伊的手臂等部位上竟然還刻有復(fù)雜的文身圖案。 墓葬中的珠寶是金質(zhì)的，其他陪葬品也都非常精致考究，考古學(xué)家由此推斷說，這具女性木乃伊生前應(yīng)該是一位重要人物。 參考詞匯：木乃伊 mummies; 秘魯?shù)囊粋€墓地 a Peruvian cemetery; 復(fù)雜的文身圖案 complex tattoo patterns; 陪葬品 burials,【寫作要求】 必須使用5個句子介紹全部所給的內(nèi)容。,Speaking of mummies, people always immediately think of Egypt. But the recent news goes that a female mummy was also found in a Peruvian cemetery. What is more unusual is that this mummy's arms and other parts of the body were engraved with complex tattoo patterns. Its burials of jewellery, gold, and other graved goods were also very delicate and elegant. The archaeologists infer that this mummy should be an important figure during her lifetime.,1. n. 可能的選擇 adj. 供選擇的 2. n. 挨餓；餓死 3. n. 精確；準(zhǔn)確 4. v. 打斷……講話；中止；打岔 5. adj. 有觀察力的；敏銳的；嚴(yán)重的 6. vt. 假定；設(shè)想 7. adv. 不管；不顧,____________________ ____________________ _________________ _________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________,alternative starvation accuracy interrupt acute assume regardless,8. v. (使)鋒利；尖銳；清晰 9. adj. 足夠的；富裕的 10. adj. 凌亂的；臟的 11. n. 分析 12. v. 使……成熟；成熟 13. n. 意義；重要性；重要意義 14. adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地,____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________,sharpen ample arrest analysis ripen significance somehow,15. vt. 刪；刪除 16. n. 分割；劃分；分配；分界線 17. v. 鼓掌歡迎；贊賞 18. v. 加速；促進(jìn) 19. vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留 20. adj. 有技巧的；熟練的,____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________,delete division applaud accelerate messy skilful / skillful,1. 受夠了；飽受；厭煩 2. 不管；不顧 3. 至多；最多 4. 切碎 5. 向前看；為將來打算 6. 追溯到…… 7. 通向；導(dǎo)致,____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________,fed up with regardless of at most cut up look ahead date back lead to,8. 結(jié)果,____________________,as a result,1.You must be aware that ________ here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 2.We ________________ (excavate) here for many years and…,it's,have been excavating,that,3.So we think ________ is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. 4.Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes ________ (make) from animal skins.,,made,it,1. assume vt. 假定；設(shè)想 I falsely assumed that he was familiar with the subject. 我錯認(rèn)為他對那題目很熟悉。,assumption n. 假設(shè)，假定 make an assumption 假設(shè)，假定 on the assumption that 假設(shè)，假定 assume sb. / sth. to be 認(rèn)為某人/某物是 assuming that 假設(shè) assume that 設(shè)想，假定,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英語句子 (1)我認(rèn)為目前的情況將會繼續(xù)下去。 I ____________________ that the present situation is going to continue. (2)尚未證實(shí)他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。 We __________________ him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.,am assuming,must assume,(3)我們大家可以一起走——假定其他人不遲到的話。 We can all leave together_______________the others aren't late. (4)我想你總是在同一時間起床。 I ____________________ you always get up at the same time.,assuming that,assume that,(5)雖然她病了，卻裝作快樂的樣子。 Although she was ill, she ____________ an air of cheerfulness. (6)假定這是真的，我們現(xiàn)在該怎么辦？ _________________________, what should we do now?,assumed,Assuming it to be true,2. sharpen v. 使……鋒利；尖銳，清晰 A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well. 工欲善其事，必先利其器。,sharp adj. 尖銳的；鋒利的；急劇的,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子 (1)上學(xué)之前，我會把鉛筆削好。 I ____________________ before I go to school. (2)世代居住在城市里使他們磨煉了才智。 Generations of urban living _________________ their wits.,will sharpen the pencils,sharpen,(3)培訓(xùn)會使你思維敏捷。 The training will _____________ your thinking.,sharpen,3. applaud v. 鼓掌歡迎；贊賞 He was loudly applauded. 他受到熱烈的掌聲歡迎。,applause n. 鼓掌；掌聲,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子 (1)我們一致贊成你的決定。 We all __________________ for your decision. (2)在夢里，我為你喝彩。 In dreams, I ____________________.,applaud you,applaud for you,(3)他唱得真不怎么樣，經(jīng)常走調(diào)，不過我還得鼓掌叫好。 He sings terribly, out of tune now and then, but I still ____________________.,have to applaud,4. accelerate v. 促進(jìn)，加速 Sunshine, fresh air and rest often accelerate a person's recovery from sickness. 陽光、新鮮空氣和休息常會促使病人早日康復(fù)。,acceleration n. 加速；促進(jìn),根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子 (1)我們要加速改革開放的步伐。 We should _____________________________ and opening-up. (2)加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是我們當(dāng)前的任務(wù)。 Our present task is to _______________________ economic growth.,accelerate the pace of reform,accelerate,(3)必須抓住一切機(jī)遇加快發(fā)展。 We must seize all opportunities to _____________ _______________.,accelerate development,1. regardless of 不管，不顧 All our proposals were rejected, regardless of their merits. 我們所有的建議都遭到拒絕，不管這些建議的價值如何。,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英語句子 (1)不管花費(fèi)多少錢，我都打算買下那本書。 I'm buying the book, ____________________ the cost. (2)盡管以前我們失敗過，但仍要堅持下去。 We will go on____________________________.,regardless of,regardless of past failures,(3)走自己的路，讓別人去說吧。 Go your own way ____________________ what people say.,has been marked out,2. cut up 切碎；使傷心 She was badly cut up when she failed. 她失敗后感到非常痛心。,cut down 砍倒；削減；縮減 cut in 插入；插話 cut off 切斷；隔斷；斷絕 cut out 剪成；戒掉 cut sth. into sth. 把某物切成某物,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子 (1)他在斗毆中被打得遍體鱗傷。 He ____________________ in the fight. (2)她似乎仍為那件事感到十分傷心。 She ____________________ about it.,was badly cut up,still seems very cut up,3. with relief 寬慰地 We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely. 飛機(jī)最后終于安全著陸了，我們大家都松了一口氣。,to one's relief 令人寬慰的是 with satisfaction 滿意地 with pride 驕傲地 with patience 耐心地,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子 (1)拉拉寬慰地笑了， 跟家人在一起實(shí)在是太好了。 Lala smiled ____________________. It was good to have her family around her. (2)“好的，”我舒了一口氣，“告訴他吧?！?“All right，” I said ____________________， “tell him.”,with relief,with relief,4. date back 追溯到…… This castle dates back to Roman times. 這個城堡可追溯到羅馬時代。 同義詞組有：date from, go back 此外，還有trace back to也可以表示“追溯到某某年代”，一般用人作主語；如果用物作主語，則用被動語態(tài)。,根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子 (1)我們兩國間的往來可以追溯到上個世紀(jì)。 The contact between our two countries can ____________________ last century. (2)這座教堂的歷史可以追溯到13世紀(jì)。 The history of this church___________________ the 13th century.,be traced back to,dates from / dates back to,(3)他的家庭可以追溯到清朝。 His family ___________________ the Qing Dynasty.,dates from,1. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 很對。植物學(xué)分析結(jié)果明確告訴我們，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個很大的淺水湖。,世界與環(huán)境(讀寫任務(wù)) 環(huán)境問題影響著人們的工作，學(xué)習(xí)，生活等，而我們的工作，生活，生產(chǎn)等又使環(huán)境污染越來越嚴(yán)重，如何保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境成為人們最為關(guān)注的話題之一。 涉及此話題的讀寫任務(wù)，常常涉及：1.世界范圍內(nèi)環(huán)境污染的原因，如水污染越來越嚴(yán)重、砍伐森林嚴(yán)重、大氣污染嚴(yán)重、白色垃圾、人口增加等。,考生應(yīng)該意識到最為本質(zhì)的原因是人類活動。2. 環(huán)境問題給人們帶來的危害，其中包括自然災(zāi)害問題。3. 如何應(yīng)對環(huán)境問題，政府、個人應(yīng)該做些什么。以及綠色生活、珍惜水資源、使用再生資源、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、創(chuàng)建綠色學(xué)校等問題。 實(shí)用表達(dá)： in the long run 從長遠(yuǎn)看來 greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng),water shortage 水資源短缺 be unfriendly to the environment 對環(huán)境不利 ruin the environment 破壞環(huán)境 litter collection and disposal 垃圾的回收和處理 be in short supply 供應(yīng)不足 make every citizen aware that 使每個人都意識到…… call on the efforts from all sides,號召各個方面做出努力 utilize the natural resources 利用自然資源 sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment./ It's everyone's duty to protect the environment. 保護(hù)環(huán)境，人人有責(zé)。 raise the awareness of environmental protection,提高環(huán)保意識 conserve natural habitats 保護(hù)生存環(huán)境 take effective measures; effective measures should be taken / adopted 采取有效措施 take active measures to protect rare animals 采取積極措施保護(hù)珍稀動物 environment-friendly products 環(huán)保產(chǎn)品,Gone forever are not only…， but… 永遠(yuǎn)失去的不僅是……，還有……,閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 Science Daily (Jan. 31, 2009) — Scientists from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) have selected 262 European observatories which analyzed the series of (minimum and maximum) daily temperatures from 1955 to 1998 to estimate trend variations in extreme temperature events. According to the study, in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme,,heat increasing, from 0.5℃ to 1℃ in the average minimum temperature, and from 0.5℃ to 2℃ in the average maximum temperature. Continuous rises in annual temperatures in certain areas lead to “changes in the environment and significant increases in the frequency of values considered extreme temperatures”. To reach this conclusion, the scientists worked with 135 stations with,a daily series of minimum temperatures and 127 stations with a daily series of maximum temperatures, located in 34 European countries. During the 44 years of analysis, the researchers recorded extreme cold events (between the months of November and March) and extreme heat events (from June to September) noting a slight decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat.,The decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat are due to both local and global factors, according to the scientists. Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere which directly determines extreme temperature events. Apart from their direct relationship with climate change, extreme temperatures (minimum and maximum) particularly affect human health.,【寫作內(nèi)容】 1．以約30個詞概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)； 2．以約120個詞就“極端天氣頻繁”的主題發(fā)表看法，內(nèi)容包括： (1)分析極端天氣出現(xiàn)的原因； (2)極端天氣對人類健康的影響； (3)人類應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對？,【寫作要求】 可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得引用原文中的句子。,該篇讀寫任務(wù)所給文章是一則新聞報道，屬于說明文文體。文章告訴我們(According to the study) in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme heat increasing以及這個問題產(chǎn)生的原因The decrease…are due to both local and global factors. Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere. 所以在進(jìn)行概括時，我們首先闡述文章所說明的問題，然后再概括原因。,正文部分，三個要點(diǎn)所占篇幅部分伯仲。要點(diǎn)(1)和(2)屬于現(xiàn)象和影響的分析，屬于說明文文體，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時來寫。我們要意識到全球變暖是導(dǎo)致極端天氣出現(xiàn)的主要原因，所以對于要點(diǎn)(1) “極端天氣出現(xiàn)的原因”，我們可以從導(dǎo)致全球變暖的原因的角度來思考，比如：濫伐樹木，人類活動大量排放二氧化碳等多種溫室氣體等。極端天氣對某些傳染疾病的傳播起到推波助瀾的作用，極端天氣會導(dǎo),致極端高溫，對人體健康最直接的影響是發(fā)病率和死亡率的升高，這些都是極端天氣對人類健康的影響(要點(diǎn)2)。 所以我們要減少二氧化碳的排放，植樹造林，保護(hù)地球的氣候，阻止其繼續(xù)惡化，是我們的共同責(zé)任(要點(diǎn)3)。,According to the passage, extreme temperatures happen much more frequent than ever before in European countries. These are largely due to the heat produced in cities and the circulation of the atmosphere. Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied. For one thing, human's activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, which make the globe warmer, causing the global temperature to go up. For another, people's cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of,carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warmth of the earth, which gives rise to extreme temperatures. Extreme temperatures can do a lot of harm to people's health. The heatwave or the high temperatures can cause stress, worsening of diseases and even death, especially among children and old people. Therefore, to cope with the extreme temperatures, the most effective way is a global effort to reduce,emissions of greenhouse gases. Individuals should use less energy, plant more trees and recycle materials because everyone's contribution counts.,閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 Lakes, rivers and the air in many places in China are still polluted, some seriously, in spite of continuous efforts to control pollution, a Chinese environmental official said on Tuesday. Zhang Lijun, Deputy Minister of Environmental Protection，said environmental protection departments across the country should press enterprises harder on,pollution control. The quality of the water sampled in almost a quarter of the monitoring stations set up along major rivers and in 28 major lakes averaged at level Ⅵ，which is too polluted to be used even for farm irrigation, while the air quality of 39.5 percent of 320 cities of prefecture level and above averaged level Ⅲ or worse，according to a document circulated at the meeting.,The Ministry of Environmental Protection was considering a policy to deprive polluting enterprises from enjoying favorable treatment in subsidies and taxation, usually given by investment-seeking local governments. Last year, 156 projects with a total investment of 473.7 billion yuan (US$69.28 billion) failed environmental evaluations due to potentially high energy,,consumption and pollution emissions，including many chemical and coal-burning plants. In 579 projects that passed the evaluation，with a total investment of 2.4 trillion yuan, clean production technology and facilities had been used to ensure the reduction of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide，Zhang said.,,【寫作內(nèi)容】 1．以約30詞概括所閱讀短文的主要內(nèi)容； 2．以約120詞就“經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展”發(fā)表看法，內(nèi)容包括： (1)請舉例描述許多工廠或企業(yè)為了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益不顧環(huán)保； (2)你對這些工廠或企業(yè)的看法； (3)請就“發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)不應(yīng)以犧牲環(huán)境為代價”展開論述。,【寫作要求】 作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________,One possible version: As lakes，rivers and air in most places are still seriously polluted，Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection is considering a policy to urge the enterprises to take measures to stop pollution. To make a greater profit and save the expenses on environment facilities, many factories go against the law of protecting the environment. Some of them pour dirty,waste water directly into rivers, making the rivers not only undrinkable but also unusable. Others release poisonous gases into the air, causing residents to suffer a lot. In my opinion, economic development should not be at the expense of the environment. Sustainable development should be adopted. Without a sustainable environment, a country's raw,natural resources will be greatly reduced. Furthermore, without a healthy environment, how are people supposed to live? Therefore, stop doing such things as benefit us now but harm us later. We don't want future generations to suffer for our benefit.,