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全國卷高考語法難點(diǎn)辨析之,現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的區(qū)別 The present perfect tense & The past perfect tense 昂立紅太陽Yuki,形式 概念及用法 總結(jié),形式,現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has+done I have waited here for an hour. She has waited here for an hour.,過去完成時 had + done By the end of this term we had learned 1000 English words.,概念,現(xiàn)在完成時 1.表示過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作； I have seen the film many times，so I won’t go with you . 2.表示過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。 He has lived here since 1949.,用法,現(xiàn)在完成時,強(qiáng)調(diào)是過去動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，故常與表示與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞，如 just,already,before,yet,never,ever等狀語連用 eg.I have never heard of that before. She has already known the news,用法,現(xiàn)在完成時,動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞,常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間連用。如so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years… for+一段時間 eg. He has lived here for 5 years. since+ （表示過去某一時間的）時間點(diǎn) eg. He has been here since 5 years ago.,概念,過去完成時 表示過去某一時刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時刻或在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去”. By the end of last term we had learned 1000 English words.,1.表示在過去某一時間以前完成的動作或事件。是一個相對的時態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一時間點(diǎn)或動作之前發(fā)生的動作。 需要與表示過去的時間狀語，不能離開過去的時間而獨(dú)立存在。此時多與already,yet,still,just,before,ever,by,until 等連用 eg. He had read the text before he came to school. I had finished reading the book by 10:00 last night.,2.表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，并可能還將持續(xù)下去。 eg. By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years.,過去完成時通常連用的時間狀語： by by the end of + 過去的時間點(diǎn) before eg. He had read the text before he came to school. By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years. They had planted 100 trees before last Sunday.,,When 引導(dǎo)的從句 主語+過去完成時+ By the time 引導(dǎo)的從句 從句謂語動詞為過去式 Before引導(dǎo)的從句 eg. When I got there, the bus had already gone. Before I met her, I had heard a lot about her. By the time we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.,,,表示意向的動詞如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose 等用過去完成時表示原本想做但并未完成的動作 eg. I had hoped that you would come to my party.,總結(jié),過去完成時 過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，而且是過去的過去，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時才用到它,現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。,B,A,past,練 習(xí),1.I have this nice watch for two years. (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend 2.I ___900 English words by the time I was ten. (A)learned (B)was learning (C)had learned (D)learnt 3. It's said that he________sent to Australia to improve his English.(be) 4. The living standard of the people in Nanjing ________ since 1983. (rise) 5. It _________ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning. 6. I ____________ (not read) the book because I had read it before.,has been,has risen,had stopped,hadn’t read,,Thank you ！,