高中英語 語法專題 冠詞數(shù)詞課件 新人教版必修4.ppt
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15年高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列十,冠 詞,冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 冠詞的考查是當(dāng)前各地高考考卷中的熱點(diǎn),是我們復(fù)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)之一。冠詞的考查以固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用語為主,結(jié)合考查一些基本規(guī)則。所以我們在復(fù)習(xí)中要注重教材中的語言點(diǎn)的整理,同時對下面的冠詞規(guī)則也要引起重視。 1、不定冠詞的用法比較; 2、定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法; 3、零冠詞的用法; 4、在習(xí)慣用語中冠詞的用法;,不定冠詞的用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage. (13浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a,D,該句意為“威爾遜先生一家住在海邊的一幢A型房子里,那是一幢十七世紀(jì)的屋子?!眱商幎急硎尽耙淮薄?,A-shaped 是元音開頭,該用 an;而 seventeenth是輔音開頭,所以該用 a。,考題點(diǎn)擊2 Mrs. Taylor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes. (13浙江卷) A.a(chǎn); a B.a(chǎn)n; the C.a(chǎn)n; a D.the; a,C,“Taylor 夫人有一個在繪畫方面極有天賦的八歲的女兒,她已經(jīng)兩次獲得全國大獎了?!?eight 是元音開頭,所以該用 an;而后面的 have a gift for為一短語,表示“在 … 方面有天賦”,故答案為C。,冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article),另一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article)。 不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是“一個”的意思。a用于輔音音素前,而an則用于元音音素前。 1) 表示“一個“,意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.,2) 代表一類人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) 詞組或成語。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden,定冠詞的用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _______. (13上海春季) A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours,A,“按小時付費(fèi)”,以及其它用來表示“按…計(jì)算”都需用介詞 by 加 the 加單位名詞來表示,如:by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen …。但需注意:size; weight; time; length … 等名詞并不表示單位,所以不需加 the。,考題點(diǎn)擊2 On May 5, 2133, at ________World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men's doubles with ________ score of 4: 1. (13江蘇卷) A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a,D,,“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,用來表示一個機(jī)構(gòu)名稱。這類名詞前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示“以4:1的比分”,是一個介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。,考題點(diǎn)擊3 This book tells ________ life story of John Smith, who left ______ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. (13遼寧卷) A.the; the B.a(chǎn); the C.the; 不填 D.a(chǎn); 不填,C,,“這本書講的是 John Smith 的人生故事”,是特指的,所以必須用 the。 “l(fā)eave school” 表示“畢業(yè)”,不用冠詞。類似的用法還有:finish school; in class; at church; go to school …等。,定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有“那(這)個”的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。 1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。 2)上文提到過的人或事: He bought a house. I‘ve been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。 3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth,4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類 人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。 That‘s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。 6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體: They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師),7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位 的名詞前: She caught me by the arm 她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán) 體、階級、等專有名詞前: the People‘s Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the United States 美國 9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前: She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。 10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦),11) 用在表示“度量衡”之類的名詞前: Apples are sold by the pound. 但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名詞前不加 the。 12) 用在慣用語中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening); the day after tomorrow; the day before yesterday; the next morning; in the sky (water,field,country); in the dark; in the rain; in the distance; in the middle (of); in the end; on the whole; by the way; go to the theatre,零冠詞的用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 If you go by ______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one. (13全國卷3) A.the; the B.不填;a C.the; a D.不填;不填,B,在由介詞 by 加表示交通方式的名詞短語中,不用冠詞。但如果 by 不表示交通方式,而表示地理位置,就需要加冠詞了。如:by sea 乘船;by the sea 在海邊,考題點(diǎn)擊2 It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very easy life. ( 13北京卷) A. 不填;不填 B. 不填;a C. the, 不填 D. the, a,B,teachers 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用來表示類屬,不加冠詞。只有在特定范圍內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前才加冠詞?!癶ave a … life”是一個習(xí)慣短語,表示“過著…的生活”。,考題點(diǎn)擊3 The warmth of _______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ______wool used. (13全國) A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /,B,sweater 的保暖性能取決于使用哪一種類型的羊毛。the 加單數(shù)名詞 sweater 表示一種類型;而羊毛是物質(zhì)名詞,表示類屬的物質(zhì)名詞不加冠詞。,1)國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary; 2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時,可不用定 冠詞; They are teachers. 他們是教師。 3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞; Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母 4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞; Man cannot live without water. 人離開水就無法生存。,5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示 時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。 6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞; The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。 7)在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動和娛樂運(yùn)動的名稱前,不加 冠詞 如:have breakfast,play chess 但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則需要加 冠詞。如:have a big breakfast,8)當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時,常省去冠詞; I can‘t write without pen or pencil. 沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。 9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時, 中間無冠詞;by bus,by train; 10)有些個體名詞不用冠詞;如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed, table,class,town,church,court 等個體名詞,直 接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義; go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不一定去看病),11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞; a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 12)在復(fù)習(xí)過程中注意不帶冠詞的短語和習(xí)慣用語。 13)特別注意加冠詞和不加冠詞的意義區(qū)別。如: go to hospital --- go to the hospital at table --- at the table in charge of --- in the charge of out of question --- out of the question,不定冠詞的位置 考題點(diǎn)擊1 ______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2013上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。但位于下列形容詞之后: such,what,many,half,如: I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,考題點(diǎn)擊2 We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2013上海) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush,D,當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞 as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.,還需注意下面三個問題: 1、quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。 但當(dāng)rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot 2、 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。 3、當(dāng)名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。,定冠詞的位置 考題點(diǎn)擊1 He did it ____ it took me. (2013北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time,D,定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。,06年高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列十,數(shù) 詞,數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 雖然數(shù)詞并不是近幾年的考查重點(diǎn),但我們在復(fù)習(xí)時還是需要搞清楚以下幾個概念: 1、數(shù)詞的基本用法及比較; 2、數(shù)詞的位置; 3、倍數(shù)詞的表達(dá)習(xí)慣; 4、在習(xí)慣用語中數(shù)詞的用法;,數(shù)詞的基本用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 It is not rare in _____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education. (13上海) A. 90s, the B. the 90s, / C. 90s, their D. the 90s, their,D,表示“幾十歲”;用 in one’s + 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù),如: He began to work in his teens. 表示“年代“,用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù);,數(shù)詞的基本用法 考題點(diǎn)擊2 ____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. ( 2013上海) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are,C,分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時,關(guān)鍵是看其后的名詞來決定其謂語動詞的數(shù)。該題中的是不可數(shù)名詞,所以動詞需用單數(shù)。,數(shù)詞的基本用法 考題點(diǎn)擊3 Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2013上海春) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many,D,倍數(shù)表示法: 主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as I have three times as many as you.,其他用來表示倍數(shù)的方法: 主+謂+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (weight,length…) of… The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 2. 主+謂+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。 3. 主+謂+ junior (senior)+ to He is five years senior to his younger brother.,- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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