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2019-2020年高考英語大題精做14書面表達圖表類含解析新人教版 圖表類書面表達常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖形式出現(xiàn)。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡潔、要點分散等特征。圖表類書面表達在近年的高考中時有出現(xiàn)，主要是一些關(guān)于情況調(diào)查、生產(chǎn)、銷售、發(fā)展進程等各種項目統(tǒng)計的示意圖。這類統(tǒng)計圖在日常生活中應(yīng)用得非常廣泛，因此，讀懂它并能用英語清晰地表述出來具有很強的現(xiàn)實意義。圖表作文主要是介紹或說明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說明文?？忌鷳?yīng)按照說明文的形式和特點來進行寫作。由于這類試題文字少、信息簡潔，如果只是把圖表中的內(nèi)容一點一點地記敘出來，進行清單式的羅列，就會索然乏味，并且達不到字數(shù)要求。因此，對于這類形式的書面表達，考生首先要根據(jù)圖表前的文字說明，弄清楚圖表的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、規(guī)律，并做到如下幾點： 1.細讀圖表，抓住特征 圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號和數(shù)字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認真分析各項數(shù)據(jù)，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。 2.認真審讀，確定主題 認真審讀試題所提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，結(jié)合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數(shù)據(jù)中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點明了主題。 3.巧用數(shù)據(jù)，突出主題 引用數(shù)據(jù)說明基本趨勢，比較數(shù)據(jù)揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息較多，寫作時要巧妙地引用一些數(shù)據(jù)來說明主題，不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達時，既要包含所有要點，但又不能面面俱到。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。 4.詞句多變，表達靈活 由于圖表數(shù)據(jù)比較單調(diào)，很容易使人選用相同的詞語和句式進行表達，結(jié)果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫作時要盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語和句式來表達。 5.適當發(fā)揮，表明觀點 圖表類書面表達有時要求考生在對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析、對比后，簡單地談?wù)勛约旱目捶ɑ蛱岢鼋ㄗh，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分?？忌谠摬糠株愂鲎约旱目捶?，表明自己的觀點，提出解決問題的方法或建議。表述觀點時，可以引用人們普遍的觀點，也可說出自己獨到的見解。借題發(fā)揮時，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說明。經(jīng)常使用的詞有：in a word，in short, generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。 一、寫作技巧 對于圖表作文，寫作內(nèi)容主要包括三個方面：描述圖表信息＋從中總結(jié)出變化規(guī)律＋提出建議或解決之道(這一部分可以根據(jù)實際要求進行取舍)。 準備過程中，應(yīng)著重從以下幾個方面入手。 1. 讀出圖表所傳達的信息，并對信息進行分類 將圖表所傳達的信息進行全面的轉(zhuǎn)換，并根據(jù)不同的項目對信息進行分類，這是進行數(shù)據(jù)整合的基礎(chǔ)， 這一過程中要盡量確保信息全面。 2. 整合信息，總結(jié)規(guī)律/分析原因 信息經(jīng)過分類之后，以某一個標準為參照(比如時間、地域等)，總結(jié)出同一對象在不同時間/地域/…… 下的變化規(guī)律，或通過對同類信息的對比分析出問題出現(xiàn)的原因。找出規(guī)律/原因是解決問題/提出建議的基礎(chǔ)。 3. 數(shù)據(jù)處理 對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理時，要根據(jù)題干的要求，著重處理差異比較大或變化比較明顯的信息。這樣呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)時才能有所側(cè)重，寫的時候才能有詳略之分。 4. 段落構(gòu)建 一般而言，圖表作文可分為三個段落來寫。第一個段落點明調(diào)查/統(tǒng)計對象并進行圖表信息的轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn) 換過程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和詳略程度。第二段主要是根據(jù)信息總結(jié)出規(guī)律或找出問題出現(xiàn)的原因。 第三段則主要是建議的提出或解決方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重點段落，第三段可根據(jù)題干要求 進行取舍。 二、常用詞匯 1. 點明圖表所反映的主題時常用的詞匯： table 表格，chart 圖表，diagram 圖解/示意圖，figure圖形/數(shù)字，describe 描述，tell 告訴，show 表明， represent 描繪/展示，indicate 顯示 2. 分析數(shù)據(jù)差異及變化趨勢時常用的詞匯： （1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up （2）表示下降或減少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down （3）表示變化特點的：sharply 急劇地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戲劇性地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地。 （4）表示比較的：pared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。 三、常用句式 1. 點明主題時： I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about... among... Last week, we made/conducted/carried out a survey on… A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on… 2. 呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)/分析原因時： （1）呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)： The above table/chart/graph shows that… As can be seen from the pie chart... From the table/chart/graph we can see… （2）分析原因： There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon. A number of factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase)． The main reason for such a change is... 3. 發(fā)表看法/提出建議時： Personally/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view... It is high time that we... Writing 1(xx·江蘇卷) Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre. Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see? Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great! Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech!... Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor. One Day in xx. At Home. Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster network Son: But it feels good in a cinema. Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring… 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1. 用約30個單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2. 我國電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡要談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎㄉ鲜鰧υ拑H供參考，原因不少于兩點）； 3. 談?wù)勀銓ξ覈娪捌狈渴杖胱呦虻目捶?，并簡要說明理由。 【寫作要求】 1. 寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2. 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3. 不必寫標題。 【評分標準】 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【參考范文】 The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in xx to over 40 billion in xx. However, that increase slowed down in xx. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before xx was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase. (150 words) Possible version two： As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from xx to xx, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in xx. The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words) Writing 2(xx·上海卷) Directions:? Write an English position in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假設(shè)你是中華中學學生姚平，最近參加了一項研究性學習調(diào)研，課題為＂父母是否以子女為榮＂。通過調(diào)研你校學生及其父母，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對此問題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）。根據(jù)圖表寫一份報告，在報告中，你必須： 1.描述調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)； 2.分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【寫作指導(dǎo)】 【參考范文】 Recently, I took part in an inquiry learning research, whose topic is whether parents are proud of their children. After doing the research into the students in my school and?their?parents, I found that there?is?a big difference between the two sides. 80%?of?the?parents?think that they are?proud?of?their?children?while 60%?of?the students think that?their?parents?are?proud?of?them. As far as I am concerned, the reasons why the?parents?and?their?children?have different opinions on the same question?are?as follows. Firstly, there?is?only one child in most families. Therefore, the?parents?pay more attention to?their?children than themselves. Secondly, the?children?are?accustomed to the love given by?their?parents. Thirdly, the?children?are not confident of themselves thinking that they are not excellent to make their parents proud of them. Writing 3(xx·江蘇卷) 請閱讀下面文字及圖表，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.結(jié)合上述信息，簡要分析導(dǎo)致交通問題的主要原因； 3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點)。 【寫作要求】 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 【評分標準】 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【寫作指導(dǎo)】 【參考范文】 The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and being on the right track. Writing1(xx安徽省淮北市第一中學高三最后一卷) 假定你是李華，計劃高三畢業(yè)后的暑假，找份兼職工作。下面的招聘廣告引起了你的注意，請根據(jù)要點(箭頭所指內(nèi)容)寫一封申請信。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當增加細節(jié)使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s summer camp. I’m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job. To begin with, I gain much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter. Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates. More importantly, I can speak Writing 2(xx浙江省金華十校高三高考4月模擬考試) 你校的英國姊妹學校將于本周來校訪問交流，假如你是校學生會主席李華，請你用英語準備一份講話稿，向交流團師生介紹一日活動安排，內(nèi)容如下： 時間 地點 內(nèi)容 上午 報告廳 校史介紹 校園 參觀校園 下午 操場 中英學生足球賽 晚上 學校湖邊 英語晚會 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear friends, Wele to our school! I am Li Hua, chairman of the students’ union. I am greatly honored to receive you here. Here is a schedule for your visit. In the morning you will be shown around our school and listen to an introduction of the school history in the lecture hall. After lunch, there’ll be a football match between British and Chinese students on the playground. Students from both of our schools are wele to join in. In the evening, we’ll have a party by the school lake. Wish you to have lots of fun here! Thank you! Writing 3(xx江蘇省啟東中學高三月考) 你們學校學生會最近組織了一次＂有煩惱時向誰傾訴？＂的調(diào)查活動。請根據(jù)以下的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，用英語給校報寫一篇新聞稿，反映調(diào)查結(jié)果。 傾訴對象 同學和朋友 老師和家長 沒有 百分比 61% 22% 17% 理由 同齡人容易交流和理解 老師家長閱歷豐富，有生活和教育經(jīng)驗 不愿和別人說自己的事或難以與別人相處 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， The Student Union 【范文】 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. 61% of the students surveyed go to friends and classmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble. The primary reason lies in the fact that they have a better understanding of each other(用動詞understand和表語 Writing 1 xx11月，你校?？e辦了一次關(guān)于"How do you use the Internet?"的問卷調(diào)查，全校3 000多名學生參與了該調(diào)查。請你根據(jù)圖片提供的信息，用英語寫一篇短文刊登在校英語報上，簡要分析調(diào)查結(jié)果，發(fā)表自己的觀點，并提出相應(yīng)的建議。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 【范文】 Recently, the school magazine carried out a survey, concerning the topic "How do you use the Internet?" With 3 000 students taking part, the findings are as follows. As we can see in the pie chart, the majority of students use the Internet to entertain themselves, accounting for 69%, while those who regard it as a tool to search for information e second, taking up 23%. Surprisingly, only Writing 2 最近你校英語報做了一次關(guān)于"遇到困難找誰幫忙"的問卷調(diào)查，請根據(jù)以下信息，用英語為該報寫一篇120詞左右的短文， 簡要分析調(diào)查結(jié)果，并發(fā)表自己的觀點。短文的標題已為你寫好。 調(diào)查對象：你校高中生 調(diào)查人數(shù)：200人 調(diào)查方式：訪談 調(diào)查結(jié)果：(見下圖) Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】 Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble Recently, the school English newspaper carried out a survey, concerning the topic whom students turn to when in trouble. With two hundreds senior high school students taking part, the survey results are as follows. ? The majority of the students choose to share their trouble with their classmates or friends when in trouble, accounting for 53%. The reason is that the persons of the same age can put themselves in his or her shoes. Besides, there is no munication barrier. ?28% of the students will turn to their teachers or parents, who have abundant experience and can be helpful. Surprisingly, 19% turn to nobody. As far as I am concerned, we students are supposed to municate with others frequently. Only in this way can we keep healthy mentally. Writing 3 近年來，中國政府出臺一系列政策以抑制房價過快上漲，但此舉引發(fā)了熱議。某外文網(wǎng)站就此開展了一項關(guān)于"房價應(yīng)不應(yīng)該降?"的調(diào)查,請根據(jù)餅狀圖(pie chart) 及表格中所示信息用英語寫一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。 立場 觀點 必須降 房價遠遠高于現(xiàn)有工資水平,很多人買不起房…… 不應(yīng)該降 不能違背市場規(guī)律…… 不確定 還要拭目以待 注意： 1.詞數(shù)150左右； 2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫； 3.開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：市場規(guī)律　market discipline The Chinese government has taken measures to cool down the overheated real estate market, which has caused heated discussions among people. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 4 現(xiàn)在，學生的零花錢越來越多，但是亂花錢現(xiàn)象很嚴重。下面是你應(yīng)某晚報教育在線欄目之約針對學生零花錢(pocket money)的消費方向，對某中學的高中和初中的部分學生進行問卷調(diào)查所得出的數(shù)據(jù)。請用英文寫一篇調(diào)查報告，反映調(diào)查結(jié)果，并呼吁中學生樹立正確的消費觀。 注意： 1.信中不必一一列舉具體數(shù)字，只要抓住主題和數(shù)據(jù)說明的問題即可； 2.詞數(shù)100左右； 3.開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor, Recently a survey has been carried out to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】 hard-earned. I hope we students value our money as well as our time.