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2019年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題三 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 題組訓(xùn)練 10 說理議論+社會文化+應(yīng)用廣告+逸聞趣事 (xx·紅橋區(qū)二模) In modern society there is a great deal of argument about petition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁榮)．Others say that petition is bad，that it sets one person against another，and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often live-and-death affairs.In their single-minded pursuit of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly criticize petition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under petitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of true petitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in parison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in petition. 語篇解讀　本文為議論文，題材為社會生活。文章討論的是人們對于競爭的不同態(tài)度。有的人非常重視競爭，認(rèn)為它有益于社會的進(jìn)步；有的人認(rèn)為競爭對人的發(fā)展不利。 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．petition helps to set up self-respect. B．Opinions about petition are different among people. C．petition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experience in petition. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了人們對于競爭所持的不同態(tài)度。 2．Why do some people favor petition according to the passage? A．It pushes society forward. B．It builds up a sense of duty. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由首段第二句可知答案。 3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”． A．those who try their best to win B．those who value petition most highly C．those who are against petition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 答案　C 解析　詞義猜測題。由第三段中“others take an opposite attitude”及“they strongly criticize petition”可知，畫線短語指“強(qiáng)烈反對競爭的人”。 4．What is the similar belief of the true petitors and those with a “desire to fail”？ A．One’s worth lies in his performance pared with others. B．One’s success in petition needs great efforts. C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章尾段倒數(shù)第三句“Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in parison with others.”可知答案。 5．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．petition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in petition. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。尾段最后一句表明了作者的觀點：只有當(dāng)這種基本的、害怕失敗的態(tài)度消失時，我們才能找到競爭的真正含義。即作者認(rèn)為在競爭中，不要總擔(dān)心失敗。 B Going shopping seems easy，but actually it takes a lot of learning，especially in America.In fact，many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at “sales” or at special stores that sell things at low prices，which you may find interesting.In America，the important rule of dressing is that one should change his or her clothes every day.For example，in an American college，neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row.So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than you have in China.While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.The purchase of used，second-hand clothing，furniture，or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money.Most second-hand clothes are of pretty good quality.If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a “l(fā)oan closet”，where furniture rents at low cost，or you may also go to a “furniture exchange” place in the munity. Sheets，blankets，and other bedclothes go on sale in most munities twice a year.Advertisements for “white sales” on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.Once or twice every season，there will be “garage sales”，where you can get almost anything，from a yacht to a pair of shoes，at low prices.Prices at “discount stores” and “thrift shops” are also as low as you can imagine. When shopping for food，you should look for special prices for various items that are put on sale weekly.To economize，it would be a good idea for you to plan the weekly menu according to what is on sale，including in it the meats，vegetables，fruits，etc.that can be bought at special prices that week. Exchange and return policies vary from store to store.You should also keep in mind that exchange and return policies for sales items can be different from standard store policies，especially if the price of the items has been reduced.Ask the merchant about their exchange and return policies before making your purchase.Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.So，to save yourself the headache，you’d better hold on to any paper or other proof of purchase. 語篇解讀 本文主要講述在美國購物時，有時價格變化會很大，作者對此給出了一些建議。 6．People shopping in America will discover . A．American goods are excellent B．most clothes e from China C．prices vary much sometimes D．used clothes are of poor quality 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第六句“While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.”可知，當(dāng)人們在美國購物時，會發(fā)現(xiàn)價格有時會變化很大。故選C。 7．A person who needs furniture can . A．exchange their goods for furniture B．settle in a place that has furniture C．get some free of charge D．rent some at low cost 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a ‘loan closet’，where furniture rents at low cost...”可知，如果你需要家具，可以去“l(fā)oan closet”，在那里你可以低價租到家具。故選D。 8．At a “white sales”，one can buy . A．a(chǎn)lmost anything B．meats，vegetables，fruits C．bed linen，towels D．shoes at low prices 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Advertisements for ‘white sales’ on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.”可知，“white sales”(大減價)常常出現(xiàn)在一月、五月、六月或七月，賣床單，毛巾等。故選C。 9．Garage sales are held . A．once or twice every three months B．once or twice every year C．from time to time D．in January，May，June or July 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句中的“Once or twice every season，there will be ‘garage sales’”可知，“garage sales”每個季度(即每三個月)一到兩場。故選A。 10．What does the underlined part “any paper or other proof” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The exchange and return policy. B．A sales item. C．A store receipt. D．The standard store policy. 答案　C 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文語境“Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.”可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)保留receipt(收據(jù))的重要性，它們是你購物的證據(jù)，故“any paper or other proof”指“receipt”(收據(jù))。故選C。 C (xx·天津十二區(qū)縣二模) Hidden London：the City’s Lesser Known Delights ?Dulwich Picture Gallery As much an excuse to enjoy the village charms of Dulwich Village as to admire some delicate European masterworks，this gallery is a southeast London charmer，which was founded in 1811.Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)，catch the latest temporary exhibition and admire the lovely garden (open 1：30 pm to 3：30 pm Tuesdays)． Where：Gallery RD SE21 7AD Train：West Dulwich ?Temple Church Featuring in the novel The Da Vinci Code and dating back to the late 12th century，this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval(中世紀(jì)的) treasures.Built by the Knights Templar，the church is divided into the Round—which contains the statues of crusading knights，who tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages—and the Chancel，where the priests(牧師) and singers performing in church services sit. Where：Temple EC4Y 7DE Underground：Temple or Blackfriars ?Chelsea Physic Garden Endlessly satisfying the green-fingered，the plain curious or those eager to discover botanical interests in central London，this delightful walled garden was founded by the Apothecaries’ Society in the 17th century and is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London. Where：66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS Underground：Sloane Square ?Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art Built between 1953 and 1958，the Estorick is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art.It draws together a fascinating collection of Futurist masterpieces from Umberto Boccioni，Giao Balla，Carlo Carra and others，who emphasized the importance of modern things，especially technology and machines. Where：39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN Underground：Highbury & Islington 語篇解讀　本文主要介紹了倫敦鮮為人知的幾個景點。 11．When can you follow a free guide to visit Dulwich Picture Gallery? A．3 pm on Sunday. B．3：30 pm on Tuesday. C．1：30 pm on Tuesday. D．1：30 pm on Saturday. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)．..”可知，星期日下午3點能跟隨免費導(dǎo)游參觀達(dá)利奇畫廊，故選A。 12．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Dulwich Picture Gallery. B．Temple Church. C．Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art. D．Chelsea Physic Garden. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Temple Church中的“...dating back to the late 12th century，this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval(中世紀(jì)的) treasures.”可知，圣殿教堂的歷史最長，故選B。 13．Where should you go if you have an interest in plants? A．Gallery Rd SE21 7AD B．Temple EC4Y 7DE C．66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS D．39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chelsea Physic Garden中的“...is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London.Where：66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS”可知，如果你對植物感興趣，你應(yīng)該去66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS，故選C。 14．If you want to enjoy Italian art，you may get off at . A．West Dulwich B．Temple or Blackfriars C．Sloane Square D．Highbury & Islington 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art中的“...is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art.”及“Underground：Highbury & Islington”可知，選D。 15．In which part of a newspaper can you read this text? A．Travel. B．Society. C．Nature. D．Lifestyle. 答案　A 解析　文章出處題。作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了四個隱藏在倫敦的鮮為人知的景點，因此你最可能在報紙的旅游欄目里讀到，故選A。 D (xx·南開區(qū)三模) My daughter Kelly is a cautious person.She needs to warm up to situations，and is hesitant to try new things.When with close friends，she bees a leader who laughs loudly and chants，“Girls rule，boys drool.” But when that fort zone is not around her，she is shy and nervous. This has been challenging for me at times.“Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me.But this has been a year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence.This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team.This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels.And this year she pleted her first kids’ triathlon(三項全能)． On Saturday，with a thunderstorm ing soon and my son’s birthday party later in the day，we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to participate in her first triathlon.We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her，we got all the equipment she’d need，and we kept talking about the race.But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her turn，she held my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times.She was nervous but trying to keep it together. And then it was her turn.From the second she jumped into the water，my heart soared.My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen.She dominated that swim，crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face. I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life.It wasn’t because she did a sport or anything like that.It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before. All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling.She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I won that day.I won the chance to see my girl shine. Shine on，sweet baby. 語篇解讀　本文主要講述作者的女兒Kelly是個慢熱型的人，當(dāng)她離開自己熟悉的區(qū)域，進(jìn)入新環(huán)境時會緊張害羞。當(dāng)作者看到女兒克服恐懼在比賽中表現(xiàn)得非常自信時，她感到非常驕傲。 16．Kelly is nervous when . A．boys are around her B．she changes into a leader C．she is away from her mom D．situations are new to her 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But when that fort zone is not around her，she is shy and nervous.”可知，Kelly是一個慢熱型的人，如果進(jìn)入新的環(huán)境，她會感到緊張。故選D。 17．We can know from Paragraph 3 . A．the race began in the early morning B．the whole family gave Kelly support C．Kelly was eager for her turn in the race D．Kelly prepared for her brother’s birthday party 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her，we got all the equipment she’d need，and we kept talking about the race.”可知，全家人都支持Kelly。故選B。 18．Seeing Kelly’s performance in the race，the author felt . A．excited and proud B．a(chǎn)nxious and uneasy C．worried and hesitant D．curious and concerned 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“she jumped into the water，my heart soared”，和第五段第一句“...I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life.”可推斷作者當(dāng)時的心情是又激動又自豪的。故選A。 19．In Paragraph 5，the underlined word “conquered” probably means “ ”． A．to defeat someone especially in a petition B．to succeed in dealing with or control something C．to bee very popular or successful in a place D．to take control of a country or a city and its people by force 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文Kelly在游泳時自信的表現(xiàn)可知，此處是指Kelly戰(zhàn)勝了恐懼。故選B。 20．In the last but one paragraph the author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly . A．overcame the fear B．expressed love to her C．won the gold medal D．took part in the sport 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文可知，作者之所以“感到像是自己贏了一樣”是因為女兒已經(jīng)克服了恐懼。故選A。