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喜歡就充值下載吧。資源目錄里展示的全都有,下載后全都有,CAD圖紙均為可自行編輯,有疑問咨詢QQ:1304139763
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2013屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
開題報(bào)告
課題名稱 側(cè)板扣件彈片成形工藝與級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)
專 業(yè) 材料成型及控制工程
專業(yè)方向 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造
班 級(jí)
學(xué) 號(hào)
學(xué)生姓名
指導(dǎo)教師
教研室 材料成型及控制工程
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
2013年 3月8日
側(cè)板扣件彈片成形工藝與級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)
1 開題依據(jù)
模具是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要的工藝裝備,它在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中起著極其重要的作用。沖壓模具以生產(chǎn)效率高,質(zhì)件質(zhì)量好點(diǎn)有點(diǎn)在模具工業(yè)中占有很大的比例。多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模是在普通級(jí)進(jìn)模的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種高精度、高效率、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具,是技術(shù)密集型模具的重要代表,是沖模發(fā)展方向之一。這種模具除進(jìn)行沖孔落料工作外,還可根據(jù)零件結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)和成形性質(zhì),完成壓筋、沖窩、彎曲、拉深等成形工序,甚至還可以在模具中完成裝配工序。沖壓時(shí),將帶料或條料由模具入口端送進(jìn)后,在嚴(yán)格控制步距精度的條件下,按照成形工藝安排的順序,通過各工位的連續(xù)沖壓,在最后工位經(jīng)沖裁或切斷后,便可沖制出符合產(chǎn)品要求的沖壓件。
隨著與國(guó)際接軌的腳步不斷加快,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益加劇,人們已經(jīng)越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、成本和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力的重要性。近年來許多模具企業(yè)因此加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度,一些國(guó)內(nèi)模具企業(yè)已普及了二維CAD,并陸續(xù)開始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、I-DEAS等國(guó)際通用軟件,個(gè)別廠家還引進(jìn)了Moldflow。隨著與國(guó)際接軌的腳步不斷加快,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益加劇,人們已經(jīng)越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、成本和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力的重要性。近年來許多模具企業(yè)因此加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度,一些國(guó)內(nèi)模具企業(yè)已普及了二維CAD,并陸續(xù)開始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、I-DEAS等國(guó)際通用軟件,個(gè)別廠家還引進(jìn)了Moldflow等CAE軟件,并成功應(yīng)用于多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模的設(shè)計(jì)中
隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展,多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模作為當(dāng)代沖壓模具中生產(chǎn)效率最高,最適合大量生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用,且壽命較長(zhǎng)的模具,已被越來越廣泛的運(yùn)用。雖然在運(yùn)用過程中不斷的在暴露出缺點(diǎn)與不足,但其改良與發(fā)展也十分迅速。多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模作為一種較先進(jìn)的模具,會(huì)有更多的發(fā)展空間
本次設(shè)計(jì)以社會(huì)實(shí)際產(chǎn)品為課題,設(shè)計(jì)一副能夠生產(chǎn)所給塑件、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、能保證制品的精度、表面質(zhì)量的塑料模具,能熟練使用UG 、AUTOCAD等繪圖軟件。使學(xué)生在塑件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、塑料成型工藝分析、塑料模具數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)、塑料模具零件的選材、熱處理、塑料模具零件的制造,以及資料檢索、英文翻譯等方面獲得綜合訓(xùn)練,為縮短工作適應(yīng)期奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的
2 文獻(xiàn)綜述
隨著工業(yè)發(fā)展,工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的品種、數(shù)量越來越多;對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和外觀的要求,更是日趨精美,華氣。因此,結(jié)合中國(guó)具體情況,學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)外模具工業(yè)建設(shè)和模具生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),宣傳、推行科學(xué)合理化的模具生產(chǎn),才能推進(jìn)模具技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。當(dāng)今全球模具發(fā)展趨勢(shì)如下。
(1)模具市場(chǎng)全球化,模具生產(chǎn)周期進(jìn)一步縮短。模具市場(chǎng)全球化是當(dāng)今模具工業(yè)最主要的特征之一,模具的購(gòu)買者和生產(chǎn)商遍布全世界,模具工業(yè)的全球化發(fā)展使生產(chǎn)工藝簡(jiǎn)單、精度低的模具加工企業(yè)向技術(shù)相對(duì)落后、生產(chǎn)率較低的國(guó)家遷移,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)則定位在生產(chǎn)高水準(zhǔn)的模具上,模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)必須面對(duì)全球化的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),同時(shí)模具生產(chǎn)廠家不得不千方百計(jì)地加快生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度,努力簡(jiǎn)化和廢除不必要的生產(chǎn)工序,模具的生產(chǎn)周期將進(jìn)一步縮短。
(2)模具CAD/CAM向集成化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展。軟件的功能模塊越來越齊全,同時(shí)各功能模塊采用同一數(shù)據(jù)模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的綜合管理與共享,支持模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造、裝配、檢驗(yàn)、測(cè)試及生產(chǎn)管理的全過程。有的系列化軟件包括了曲面/實(shí)體幾何造型、復(fù)雜形體工程制圖、工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)高級(jí)渲染、模具設(shè)計(jì)專家系統(tǒng)、復(fù)雜形體CAM、藝術(shù)造型及雕刻自動(dòng)編程系統(tǒng)、逆向工程系統(tǒng)及復(fù)雜形體在線測(cè)量系統(tǒng)等;模具設(shè)計(jì)、分析、制造的三維化、無紙化使新一代模具軟件以立體的、直觀的感覺來設(shè)計(jì)模具,所采用的三維數(shù)字化模型能方便地用于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的CAE分析、模具可制造性評(píng)價(jià)和數(shù)控加工、成形過程模擬及信息的管理與共享;同時(shí),隨著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、合作、生產(chǎn)和管理等方面的全球化、國(guó)際化,以及計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得在模具行業(yè)應(yīng)用虛擬設(shè)計(jì)、敏捷制造技術(shù)既有必要,也有可能。
(3)模具技術(shù)向高速加工、硬銑削和復(fù)合加工方向發(fā)展。隨著模具向精密化和大型化方向發(fā)展,加工精度超過1μm的超精加工技術(shù)和集電、化學(xué)、超聲波、激光等技術(shù)綜合在一起的復(fù)合加工在今后的模具制造中將有廣闊的前景。高速加工使工件獲得光滑表面,節(jié)省加工時(shí)間,典型的步進(jìn)距僅有0.0254mm,而尖點(diǎn)只有0.001mm高,經(jīng)過高速加工的工件表面大多數(shù)都非常光潔,無需鉗工的進(jìn)一步加工。目前,機(jī)加工工具制造商都熱衷于生產(chǎn)為高速加工而專門設(shè)計(jì)的加工中心,在美國(guó)采用高速加工技術(shù)以減少或省去鉗工工序是一種效益相當(dāng)可觀的措施,這種技術(shù)在歐洲和日本也頗受歡迎。另外,用充分硬化的材料加工模具的型腔是模具加工業(yè)發(fā)展的另一個(gè)重要趨勢(shì)。高主軸轉(zhuǎn)速及小的刀具半徑所進(jìn)行的輕度切削形成了足夠的轉(zhuǎn)矩,可以用來加工硬度高達(dá)64HRC的金屬材料,由于不需要再進(jìn)行熱處理,常規(guī)熱處理后的回火以及抵消由熱處理引起的幾何變形所進(jìn)行的磨削加工也都不需要了,該技術(shù)在日本倍受青睞,如今在美國(guó)也受到了廣泛的關(guān)注并正向歐洲傳播。隨著各種新技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,國(guó)外已出現(xiàn)了模具自動(dòng)加工系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)由多臺(tái)機(jī)床合理組合,配有隨行定位夾具或定位盤,有完整的機(jī)具、刀具數(shù)控庫(kù)和數(shù)控柔性同步系統(tǒng),具有實(shí)時(shí)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)。
(4)模具產(chǎn)品將向大型、精密、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方向發(fā)展。一方面模具成型零件日漸大型化和為提高生產(chǎn)效率開發(fā)的“一模多腔”造成了模具日趨大型化,另一方面電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展帶來了零件微型化及精密化,有些模具的加工精度公差就要求在1μm以下。另外多功能復(fù)合模具將得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,新型多功能復(fù)合模具除了沖壓成型零件外,還擔(dān)負(fù)疊壓、攻絲、鉚接和鎖緊等組裝任務(wù),生產(chǎn)效率進(jìn)一步提高。 國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率一般為80%左右,隨著我國(guó)模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展,模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作必將加強(qiáng),模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度將進(jìn)一步提高,模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用和生產(chǎn)在“十一五”期間必將得到較大的發(fā)展。
(5)模具種類向熱流道、氣輔模具及適應(yīng)高壓注塑成型工藝方向發(fā)展。采用熱流道技術(shù)的模具可提高制件的生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量,并能大幅度節(jié)約制作的原材料,國(guó)外許多塑料模具廠所生產(chǎn)的塑料模具50%以上采用了熱流道技術(shù),有的已經(jīng)達(dá)到80%以上,效果十分明顯;氣體輔助注射成形具有注射壓力低、制品翹曲變形小、表面質(zhì)量好以及易于成形壁厚差異較大的制品等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的前提下,大幅度降低成本;高壓注射成形可強(qiáng)制樹脂收縮率,增加塑料件尺寸的穩(wěn)定性;另外注射壓縮成形技術(shù),可使成形件局部?jī)?nèi)應(yīng)變小,能得到縮孔少的厚壁成形件,而對(duì)于塑件狹窄的部件也可注入樹脂,并可用小注射力能得到優(yōu)良制品,這些技術(shù)正在逐步推廣使用。
(6)快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具前景十分廣闊。多品種小批量生產(chǎn)時(shí)代的到來,人們要求模具的生產(chǎn)周期越短越好,因此快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具將有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。預(yù)計(jì)21世紀(jì),用各種超塑性材料來制作模具、用環(huán)氧、聚酯或在其中填充金屬、玻璃等增強(qiáng)物制作簡(jiǎn)易模具等生產(chǎn)方式占工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的比例將達(dá)到75%以上??焖俳?jīng)濟(jì)模具主要包括快速原型制造技術(shù)、表面成形制模技術(shù)、澆鑄成形制模技術(shù)、冷擠壓及超塑成形制模技術(shù)、無模多點(diǎn)成形技術(shù)、KEVRON鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù)、模具毛坯快速制造技術(shù)等。
(7)優(yōu)質(zhì)模具材料及先進(jìn)表面處理技術(shù)受到重視。因選材和用材不當(dāng),致使模具過早失效,大約占失效模具的45%以上,因此選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材和應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表面處理技術(shù)來提高模具的壽命顯得十分重要,提高鋼的純凈度、等向性、致密度和均勻性及研制更高性能或具特殊性能的模具鋼,開發(fā)模具鋼品種規(guī)格,擴(kuò)大其他優(yōu)質(zhì)模具材料如硬質(zhì)合金、陶瓷材料、復(fù)合材料等的應(yīng)用范圍是主要研究熱點(diǎn);用鋁合金作模具材料以縮短制模周期、降低模具成本,將在快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具中得到較快發(fā)展。模具表面處理的主要趨勢(shì)是:由滲入單一元素向多元素共滲、復(fù)合滲發(fā)展,由一般擴(kuò)散向CVD、PVD、PCVD、離子滲入、離子注入等方向發(fā)展,可采用的鍍膜有:TiC、TiN、TiCN、TiAlN、CrN、Cr7C3、W2C等,同時(shí)熱處理手段由大氣熱處理向真空熱處理發(fā)展。目前激光強(qiáng)化、輝光離子氮化及電鍍(刷鍍)防腐強(qiáng)化等技術(shù)也日益受到重視。
(8)汽車、IT電子產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展影響模具市場(chǎng)景氣。中國(guó)模具的進(jìn)口首次出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng),模具行業(yè)受“一大一小”的拉動(dòng),這兩年發(fā)展確實(shí)很好?!耙淮蟆笔侵钙嚠a(chǎn)業(yè),汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)指的不僅僅是整車,還有汽車零部件,例如目前中國(guó)首次成為對(duì)美國(guó)汽車零部件的第二大出口國(guó),這就意味著中國(guó)汽車模具市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。它的快速發(fā)展對(duì)模具的拉動(dòng)起了重要的作用,“一小”是指IT電子產(chǎn)業(yè)。2006年的模具進(jìn)口總量為20.47億美元,比2005年20.68億美元降低了2100萬美元,首次出現(xiàn)了負(fù)增長(zhǎng),止住了進(jìn)口年年增幅擴(kuò)大的勢(shì)頭;出口總量為10.41億美元,比2005年增長(zhǎng)了41.06%,首次突破10億美元,進(jìn)口減少,逆差下降,是非??上驳摹?
(9)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)還需進(jìn)一步調(diào)整。雖然,模具行業(yè)與前幾年相比有了較大的進(jìn)步,但仍然存在著許多問題。比如,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理的現(xiàn)象仍然存在。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)包括產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)等,都不同程度地存在著問題。比如,在進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)方面,由于我國(guó)模具設(shè)計(jì)制造水平和能力不能滿足市場(chǎng)要求,因此,每年都有大量模具進(jìn)口,尤以高檔產(chǎn)品為主。2006年進(jìn)、出口沖壓模具如果按重量計(jì),單價(jià)分別為14913美元/t和5869美元/t,進(jìn)口大大高于出口;而對(duì)于塑料橡膠模具,2006年進(jìn)、出口分別為413715套和1217772套,出口量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于進(jìn)口量,而單價(jià)卻相差很懸殊:進(jìn)口價(jià)格2532美元/套,出口價(jià)格602美元/套,相差4倍,雖然出口量是接近進(jìn)口量的3倍,但總額仍然低于進(jìn)口。說明我們?nèi)栽诖罅窟M(jìn)口高檔模具,出口的卻是以中低檔為主。所以,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,進(jìn)出口合理化趨向應(yīng)是不斷擴(kuò)大出口,減少進(jìn)口,使出口多于進(jìn)口。顯然,這還需要想當(dāng)一段時(shí)間的努力。
3 方案論證
3.1 沖裁件結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
側(cè)板扣件彈片是電子產(chǎn)品中的一個(gè)零件,如圖1,料厚為0.8mm。成形特征多而復(fù)雜,在復(fù)合模中難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。若用簡(jiǎn)單的落料,沖孔,拉伸,彎曲,翻邊等單工序模也可達(dá)到?jīng)_壓要求,這樣模具雖然簡(jiǎn)單了,但是沖壓所用設(shè)備和人員較多,沖壓工序中的定位也比較麻煩,加上零件較小,裝料是易產(chǎn)生不安全現(xiàn)象,而且工序較多,效率較低,故不被推廣。為減少零件在生產(chǎn)中的多次定位對(duì)其精度和生產(chǎn)效率的影響,經(jīng)過反復(fù)比較,采用較為復(fù)雜的多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模
3.2 沖裁件材料特性
此工件采用0.8mm厚的SECC沖壓而成。SECC為電解亞鍍鉛鋅鋼板,是一種典型的沖壓材料,具有很好的抗拉性能和屈服性能,適合進(jìn)行彎曲和淺拉深。
3.3 沖裁件排樣設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)零件結(jié)構(gòu)特征設(shè)計(jì)了圖2,和圖3所示的直排1和斜排2兩種排樣形式,其中直排形式中為保證導(dǎo)正孔與零件邊界的安全距離,必須增大零件與條料的搭邊,導(dǎo)致條料寬帶達(dá)到83.8mm,而斜排的布局達(dá)到減小了條料寬度。所以,斜排比直排利用率高2.7%.采用斜排。
圖2
圖3
3.4 設(shè)計(jì)方案擬定
方案一. 各工位順序?yàn)椋海?)沖導(dǎo)正孔;(2)沖孔;(3)起伏;(4)沖Φ5.5mm孔;(5)沖Φ5.0mm孔,落外形;(6)沖Φ5.5mm控;(7)沖Φ6mm孔,壓毛邊;(8)向下彎曲;(9)空位;(10)45°彎曲;(11)空位;(12)壓平;(13)空位;(14)彎曲;(15)空位;(16)分離。
方案二.個(gè)工位順序?yàn)椋海?)沖導(dǎo)正孔;(2)落外形;(3)沖Φ5.5mm孔;(4)沖Φ5.0mm孔;(5)沖Φ5.5mm孔;(6)起伏;(7)沖Φ6mm孔,壓毛邊;(8)沖孔;(9)向下彎曲;(10)空位;(11)45°彎曲;(12)空位;(13)壓平;(14)空位;(15)彎曲;(16)空位;(17)分離。
兩個(gè)方案相比較。方案二成形精度方面要比方案一差,因?yàn)榉桨付亩ㄎ粵]方案二好,而且方案二要比方案一的步驟多,所以選擇方案一.
4 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)內(nèi)容
4.1 基本內(nèi)容
1.沖裁件測(cè)繪圖一張。
2.模具零件圖一張。
3.模具裝配圖一張。
4.說明書。
4.2 重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容
1. 排樣的設(shè)計(jì)。
怎么樣能更節(jié)約材料,空間布局更合理。
2. 沖裁件的定位問題,定位裝置的設(shè)計(jì)。
因?yàn)闆_裁件的孔比較多,形狀復(fù)雜。所以關(guān)于沖裁件定位和定位裝置的問題要更多的考慮。
3. 卸料裝置的設(shè)計(jì)。
本卸料裝置不僅要考慮卸料問題,還要完成壓平板料達(dá)到整形的目的。所以卸料裝置的彈簧要盡量對(duì)稱布置,保證卸料裝置平衡
4. 壓力機(jī)的選擇。
包括選擇的壓力設(shè)備的類型。壓力機(jī)的公稱壓力必須大于沖壓工藝力。但對(duì)工作行程較長(zhǎng)的工序,不僅僅是只要滿足工藝力的大小就可以了,必須同時(shí)考慮滿足其工作負(fù)荷曲線才行。 壓力機(jī)滑塊行程應(yīng)滿足制件在高度上能獲得所需尺寸,并在沖壓工序完成后能順利地從模具上取出來。
5. 模架的選擇。
為了保證模具的定位精度和提高模具的剛度和穩(wěn)定性,模架的設(shè)計(jì)就要考慮內(nèi)導(dǎo)和外導(dǎo)裝置。
4.3 難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容
該制件成形特征多而復(fù)雜,在復(fù)合模中難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。若用簡(jiǎn)單的落料,沖孔,拉伸,彎曲,翻邊等單工序模也可達(dá)到?jīng)_壓要求,這樣模具雖然簡(jiǎn)單,但是沖壓所用設(shè)備和人員較多,沖壓工序中的定位也比較麻煩,加上零件較小,裝料是易產(chǎn)生不安全現(xiàn)象,而且工序較多,效率較低,故不被推廣。為減少零件在生產(chǎn)中的多次定位對(duì)其精度和生產(chǎn)效率的影響,經(jīng)過反復(fù)比較,采用較為復(fù)雜的多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模。因?yàn)榱慵袕澢@道工序,還需要考慮回彈的因素,以上則為難點(diǎn)部分。
5 工作進(jìn)度安排
2.25之前:
根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)課題“側(cè)板扣件彈片成形工藝與級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)”要求;查閱中、外文文獻(xiàn)資料,作好畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)前期準(zhǔn)備工作。
2.26~3.8:
結(jié)合畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)在工廠看到的模具與查找的文獻(xiàn)相結(jié)合,初步擬定零件的成形工藝及模具基本結(jié)構(gòu)。
制定模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案,并進(jìn)行方案分析、比較,確定設(shè)計(jì)方案。與指導(dǎo)教師進(jìn)行開題交流,填寫開題交流討論記錄表,上傳提交開題報(bào)告。
3.9~4.8 完成外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯并上傳。
4.9~4.13進(jìn)行模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),繪制模具結(jié)構(gòu)裝配草圖,并進(jìn)行有關(guān)工程計(jì)算校核;繪制模具結(jié)構(gòu)裝配圖;填寫并上傳畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中期自檢表。
4.16~5.1:
完成模具零件圖的繪制工作。
5.2~5.20:
撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書,完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)全部?jī)?nèi)容。
5.21~5.27:
接受指導(dǎo)教師的審核、評(píng)閱,修改、完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),并上傳提交全部畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)資料。
5.28~6.2:
根據(jù)評(píng)閱教師的審核意見,進(jìn)一步修改、完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì);打印設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和說明書;準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯。
6.3~6.9:
參加畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯;
6.10~6.14:
上傳提交最終修改好的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)全部資料和光盤。
6 參考資料
[1] 茹曉蘭,多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì),現(xiàn)代商貿(mào)工業(yè),2011.
[2] 俞明坤,淺析工模具制造多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì),大科技:科技天地2011.
[3] 楊玉英,實(shí)用沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè), 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004.
[4] 陳炎嗣,多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)與制造,北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2006.
[5] 崔旭,劉占軍.內(nèi)撐板件多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì),2011.
[6] 谷安旭,賈鵬.基于UG電機(jī)定子、轉(zhuǎn)子沖片多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì),2011.
[7] 劉軍輝,王暉,鐘燕輝?;赑ress-CAD的冷沖模具設(shè)計(jì),2011.
[8] 黃義俊,呂建福,冷沖模設(shè)計(jì)中的工序安排與典型實(shí)例分析,寧波職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2004.
[9] 蘇君 ,黃建娜 ,劉松林,典型彎曲沖壓件多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì),制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化,2012.
[10] 朱智文,張志鵬,級(jí)進(jìn)模料帶排樣設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),模具制造,2012.
[11] Wen Ren Jong.Improving Performance of Progressive Dies.
http://link.springer.com/article 2009.
[12] Rong Shean Lee.Yuh-Min Chen.Mold design and manufacture
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article 2008.
[13] Zhi Xinjia.Hong Linli.Computer-aided structural design of punches and dies for progressive die based on functional component.
http://proxy.sit.edu.cn:2178/ehost/detail 2011.
[14] Chung Wanjin.Hwang Kubok.A Study on the improvement of the accuracy of a shaving process using a progressive die.
http://proxy.sit.edu.cn:2178/ehost/detail 2008.
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)表
指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ):李世政同學(xué)根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題的內(nèi)容和要求,查閱了模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)發(fā)展方面的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,對(duì)排樣的重要性及其方法進(jìn)行了分析,完成了開題依據(jù)和文獻(xiàn)綜述的編寫,綜合文獻(xiàn)和所學(xué)專業(yè)相關(guān)的知識(shí)確定本課題的設(shè)計(jì)方案。報(bào)告中對(duì)本行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀以及今后發(fā)展趨勢(shì)有一定的認(rèn)識(shí),該同學(xué)工作態(tài)度認(rèn)真,對(duì)一些問題能積極思考,對(duì)有疑惑的地方也能主動(dòng)提問并及時(shí)進(jìn)行溝通交流,予以解決。 報(bào)告的總體論述良好。設(shè)計(jì)了兩種方案,選擇級(jí)進(jìn)模方案,方案的設(shè)計(jì)比較合理,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度符合要求,課題方向符合專業(yè)要求。符合開題要求,同意開題。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)小組意見:
審核人:
年 月 日
譯文一
模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造
模具是制造業(yè)的重要工藝基礎(chǔ),在我國(guó),模具制造屬于專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)。中國(guó)雖然很早就開始制造模具和使用模具,但長(zhǎng)期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期,中國(guó)模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車道。近年,不僅國(guó)有模具企業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展,三資企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(個(gè)體)模具企業(yè)的發(fā)展也相當(dāng)迅速。
雖然中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,但與需求相比,顯然供不應(yīng)求,其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具領(lǐng)域。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面,中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍有較大差距,因此,每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。
中國(guó)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)除了要繼續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)能力,今后更要著重于行業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面,主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向?qū)I(yè)化調(diào)整,產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)向著中高檔模具發(fā)展,向進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn),中高檔汽車覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切削、超精加工及拋光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。
近年,模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和體制改革步伐加大,主要表現(xiàn)在,大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命、中高檔模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件發(fā)展速度高于一般模具產(chǎn)品;塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大;專業(yè)模具廠數(shù)量及其生產(chǎn)能力增加;“三資”及私營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速;股份制改造步伐加快等。從地區(qū)分布來看,以珠江三角洲和長(zhǎng)江三角洲為中心的東南沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展快于中西部地區(qū),南方的發(fā)展快于北方。目前發(fā)展最快、模具生產(chǎn)最為集中的省份是廣東和浙江,江蘇、上海、安徽和山東等地近幾年也有較大發(fā)展。
雖然我國(guó)模具總量目前已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模,模具水平也有很大提高,但設(shè)計(jì)制造水平總體上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家許多。當(dāng)前存在的問題和差距主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面:
(1)總量供不應(yīng)求
國(guó)內(nèi)模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低檔模具供過于求,中高檔模具自配率只有50%左右。
(2)企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)均不合理
我國(guó)模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車間(分廠),自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá)60%左右,而國(guó)外模具超過70%屬商品模具。專業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式,而國(guó)外大多是“小而專”、“小而精”。國(guó)內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具占總量比例不足30%,而國(guó)外在50%以上。2004年,模具進(jìn)出口之比為3.7:1,進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá)13.2億美元,為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)家。
(3)模具產(chǎn)品水平大大低于國(guó)際水平,生產(chǎn)周期卻高于國(guó)際水平
產(chǎn)品水平低主要表現(xiàn)在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、壽命及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。
(4)開發(fā)能力較差,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益欠佳
我國(guó)模具企業(yè)技術(shù)人員比例低,水平較低,且不重視產(chǎn)品開發(fā),在市場(chǎng)中經(jīng)常處于被動(dòng)地位。我國(guó)每個(gè)模具職工平均年創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)值約合1萬美元,國(guó)外模具工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大多是15~20萬美元,有的高達(dá)25~30萬美元,與之相對(duì)的是我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分模具企業(yè)還沿用過去作坊式管理,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)管理的企業(yè)較少。
造成上述差距的原因很多,除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視,以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外,還有下列幾個(gè)原因:
(1)國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠
雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,但配套政策少,執(zhí)行力度弱。目前享受模具產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國(guó)只有185家,大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過重。模具企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造引進(jìn)設(shè)備要繳納相當(dāng)數(shù)量的稅金,影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步,而且民營(yíng)企業(yè)貸款十分困難。
(2)人才嚴(yán)重不足,科研開發(fā)及技術(shù)攻關(guān)投入太少
模具行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資金、勞動(dòng)密集的產(chǎn)業(yè),隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展,掌握并且熟練運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的人才異常短缺,高級(jí)模具鉗工及企業(yè)管理人才也非常緊張。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視不夠,科研單位和大專院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收,導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在科研開發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面投入太少,致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大,進(jìn)展不快。
(3)工藝裝備水平低,且配套性不好,利用率低
近年來我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)進(jìn)步較快,已能提供比較成套的高精度加工設(shè)備,但與國(guó)外裝備相比,仍有較大差距。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)許多企業(yè)已引進(jìn)許多國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備,但總體的裝備水平比國(guó)外許多企業(yè)低很多。由于體制和資金等方面的原因,引進(jìn)設(shè)備不配套,設(shè)備與附件不配套現(xiàn)象十分普遍,設(shè)備利用率低的問題長(zhǎng)期得不到較妥善的解決。
(4)專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低,協(xié)作能力差
由于長(zhǎng)期以來受“大而全”“小而全”影響,模具專業(yè)化水平低,專業(yè)分工不細(xì)致,商品化程度低。目前國(guó)內(nèi)每年生產(chǎn)的模具,商品模具只占40%左右,其余為自產(chǎn)自用。模具企業(yè)之間協(xié)作不暢,難以完成較大規(guī)模的模具成套任務(wù)。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平低,模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率低也對(duì)模具質(zhì)量、成本有較大影響,特別是對(duì)模具制造周期有很大影響。
(5)模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后
模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本,國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。塑料、板材、設(shè)備性能差,也直接影響模具水平的提高。
目前,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段,國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯,這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一方面,國(guó)內(nèi)模具市場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)高速發(fā)展,另一方面,模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購(gòu)趨向也十分明顯。因此,放眼未來,國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好,預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展,我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó),而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)。“十一五”期間,中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在量和質(zhì)的方面有很大提高,而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大發(fā)展。
模具技術(shù)集合了機(jī)械、電子、化學(xué)、光學(xué)、材料、計(jì)算機(jī)、精密監(jiān)測(cè)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)等諸多學(xué)科,是一個(gè)綜合性多學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)工程。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展,模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高,模具制造周期不斷縮短,模具生產(chǎn)朝著信息化、無圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化的方向發(fā)展,模具企業(yè)向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)批品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)際化的方向發(fā)展。我國(guó)模具行業(yè)今后仍需提高的共性技術(shù)有:
(1)建立在CAD/CAE平臺(tái)上的先進(jìn)模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù),提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)代化、信息化、智能化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平。
(2)建立在CAM/CAPP基礎(chǔ)上的先進(jìn)模具加工技術(shù)與先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)相結(jié)合,提高模具加工的自動(dòng)化水平與生產(chǎn)效率。
(3)模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的信息化管理技術(shù)。例如PDM(產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理)、ERP(企業(yè)資源管理)、MIS(模具制造管理信息系統(tǒng))及INTERMET平臺(tái)等信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用、推廣及發(fā)展。
(4)高速、高精、復(fù)合模具加工技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用。例如超精沖壓模具制造技術(shù)、精密塑料和壓鑄模具制造技術(shù)等。
(5)提高模具生產(chǎn)效率、降低成本和縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期的各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具制造技術(shù)。
(6)先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。例如熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔技術(shù)、虛擬技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、高速掃描技術(shù)、逆向工程、并行工程等技術(shù)在模具研究、開發(fā)、加工過程中的應(yīng)用
(7)原材料在模具中成形的仿真技術(shù)。
(8)先進(jìn)的模具加工和專有設(shè)備的研究與開發(fā)。
(9)模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件、重要輔件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)。
(10)模具及其制品的檢測(cè)技術(shù)。
(11)優(yōu)質(zhì)、新型模具材料的研究與開發(fā)及其正確應(yīng)用。
(12)模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化管理技術(shù)。
模具行業(yè)在“十一五”期間需要解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破。
隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具的需求量越來越大,技術(shù)要求也越來越高。雖然模具種類繁多,但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要,又有較高技術(shù)含量,特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給,需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的種類、數(shù)量、水平、生產(chǎn)集中度等對(duì)整個(gè)模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展有重大影響。因此,一些重要的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展,而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度,這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平,從而提高模具質(zhì)量,縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期,降低成本。由于我國(guó)的模具產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有較大的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì),因此對(duì)于出口前景好的模具產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)來發(fā)展。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品,而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來的產(chǎn)品。
根據(jù)“十一五”模具行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃,“十一五”期間模具產(chǎn)品發(fā)展重點(diǎn)主要有如下幾類:
(1)汽車覆蓋件模具
沖壓模具占模具總量的40%以上。汽車覆蓋件模具主要為汽車配套,也包括為農(nóng)用車、工程機(jī)械和農(nóng)機(jī)配套的覆蓋件模具,它在沖壓模具中具有很大的代表性,模具大都是大中型,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,技術(shù)要求高。尤其是為轎車配套的覆蓋件模具,要求更高,可以代表沖壓模具的水平。此類模具我國(guó)已有一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),已為中檔轎車配套,但水平還不高,能力不足,目前滿足率只有一半左右。中高檔轎車覆蓋件模具主要依靠進(jìn)口,已成為汽車發(fā)展的瓶頸,極大的影響著車型開發(fā)。
(2)精密沖壓模具
多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和精沖模代表了沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向,精度要求壽命要求極高,主要為電子工業(yè)、汽車、儀器儀表、電機(jī)電器等配套。這兩種模具,國(guó)內(nèi)已有相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ),并已引進(jìn)了國(guó)外技術(shù)及設(shè)備,個(gè)別企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到世界水平,但大部分企業(yè)仍有較大差距,供應(yīng)總量不足,進(jìn)口很多。
(3)大型精密塑料模具
塑料模具占模具總量近40%,而且這個(gè)比例還在上升。塑料模具中為汽車和家電配套的大型注塑模具,為集成電路配套的塑封模,為電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和機(jī)械及包裝配套的多層、多腔、多材質(zhì)、多色精密注塑模,為新型建材及節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)配套的塑料異型材擠出模及管路和噴頭模具等,目前雖然已有相當(dāng)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)并正在快速發(fā)展,但技術(shù)水平與國(guó)外仍有較大差距,總量供不應(yīng)求,每年的進(jìn)口額達(dá)幾億美元。
(4)主要模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件
目前國(guó)內(nèi)已有較大產(chǎn)量的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件主要是模架、導(dǎo)向件、推桿推管、彈性元件等。這些產(chǎn)品不但國(guó)內(nèi)配套大量需要,出口前景也很好,應(yīng)繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展。氮?dú)飧缀蜔崃鞯涝饕揽窟M(jìn)口,應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上提高水平,形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并組織規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)。
(5)其他高技術(shù)含量的模具
占模具總量給8%的壓鑄模具中,大型薄壁精密壓鑄技術(shù)含量高,難度大。鎂合金壓鑄模具目前雖然剛起步,但發(fā)展前景好,有代表性。子午線橡膠輪胎模具也是發(fā)展方向,其中活絡(luò)模技術(shù)難度最大。與快速成型技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一些快速制模技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具具有很好的發(fā)展前景。這些高技術(shù)含量的模具在“十一五”期間也應(yīng)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展。
外文原文1
Mold design and manufacture
The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's development also quite rapid .
Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .
The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .
The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years .
Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:
(1) The total quantity falls short of demand
Domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .
(2) The enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather
Iin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is "large and complete", "small and entire" organization form, but overseas mostly is "small but", "is specially small and fine". Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .
(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard
The production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .
(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low
The level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few
To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .
(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently
Although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .
(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine
Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .
(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low
recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .
(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability
Because receives "large and complete" "small and entire" the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .
(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls
The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .
At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. "15" period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprise's system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .
The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :
(1) To establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level .
(2) Establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .
(3) The mold production enterprise's information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .
(4) Are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .
(5) Enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .
(6) The advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .
(7) The raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .
(8) The advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .
(9) The mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .
(10) The mold and its the product examination technology.
(11) High quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .
(12) The mold production enterprise's modern management technology □
Mold profession in "十15" period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough
Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.
Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops .
According to "十15" the mold profession development plan, "十15" the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold
(1)Ramming mold to occupy
The mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, structure complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicl