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1、綿陽(yáng)專版 PART TWO第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專題（十） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。(2)動(dòng)名詞的用法。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法。 不定式有兩種,即帶to的不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)和不帶to的不定式?？键c(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式【注意】 動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not to do sth.”。1.作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu):Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary

2、 to ask the teacher for help.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。 2.作賓語(yǔ)(1)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那兒。(2)在think, find, make等動(dòng)詞后通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將不定式后置,構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I found it difficul

3、t to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難。to get 3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。(2)使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have和感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但是,當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

4、的不定式必須補(bǔ)上to。We often hear her sing. 我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱歌。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): She is often heard to sing.to do 4.作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語(yǔ)) 5.作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語(yǔ)。若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則不定式后面要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。I dont have a partner to practice

5、 English with.我沒(méi)有一個(gè)一起練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同伴。I had to find a place to live in.我不得不找一個(gè)住的地方。6.作表語(yǔ)Their duty is the animals. 他們的職責(zé)是照看動(dòng)物。to look after/take care of 7. “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問(wèn)詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。He doesnt know to attend the wedding. .他不知道要穿什么去參加婚禮。(作賓語(yǔ))what to wea

6、考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,但有不規(guī)則形式。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ),在很多情況下可以通用。Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 過(guò)度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α?2.作賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）有 enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be us

7、ed to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stop/preventfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun等。Have you finished the book? 你讀完這本書了嗎? reading 4.作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。I often go to the . 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。 reading room3.作表語(yǔ)The nurses job is the patients. 護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。looking afte

8、r/taking care of 【注意】 有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞, 但表達(dá)的意義不同。(1)stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另外一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事(2)try to do sth. 試圖/企圖做某事;盡力做某事 try doing sth.嘗試著做某事(3)forget to do sth.忘記要做某事(還沒(méi)做)forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth.記著要做某事(還沒(méi)做)remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事(已做) (5)go on to do sth.做完一件事

9、后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)所做的事(6)sth. need(s) doing某事需要做(被動(dòng)含義)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義)(7)regret to do sth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)regret doing sth. 對(duì)做過(guò)的事感到遺憾、后悔(已做) 考點(diǎn)三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行之意;過(guò)去分詞(v.-ed)有被動(dòng)或完成之意。1.作定語(yǔ)Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹(shù)下面的那個(gè)女孩嗎?I know t

10、he boy called Li Ming. 我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)叫李明的男孩。2.作表語(yǔ)The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它感興趣。3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I saw her going upstairs.我看見(jiàn)她正在上樓。 I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。 4.作狀語(yǔ)Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他們有說(shuō)有笑地走進(jìn)了房間。5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別the flying kite 飛著的風(fēng)箏the moved peopl

11、e 被感動(dòng)的人們(2)在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 the boiling water 正在沸騰的水the boiled water 白開(kāi)水 6.易混結(jié)構(gòu) (1)在“make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。I tried to speak more clearly so that I could make myself understood.我盡量說(shuō)清楚些,以便讓別人明白我。(2)have sth. done 意為“讓某人做某事”,相當(dāng)于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示讓他人完成,有被動(dòng)之意。I had

12、my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Well do what we can (help) the sick man. 2.In some African countries, children are made (do) heavy work.3.Please stop (smoke). Its bad for your health. 4.Why did his father buy that phone watch for him? Because the GPS in the watch

13、 can help him to avoid (lose) the way. 5.She didnt know which sweater (choose). 6.Its dangerous for people (answer) their phones while driving a car. 7. (spread) Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. 8.Parents should tell their children (not eat) unhealthy food.

14、to help to dosmoking losingto chooseto answerTo spread not to eat 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練9.As we all know, its impolite to keep others (wait) for a long time.10.My computer doesnt work. I must have it (repair). 11.Id like you (share) your ideas about pollution. 12.Many teenagers would rather (stay) at home alone tha

15、n go out with their parents at weekends. 13.Many countries in the world are looking forward to (trade) with China. 14.She raised her voice to make herself (hear). 15.My favorite TV program is Readers. I think we should spend as much time as we can (read) in our spare time. waitingrepairedto share stay tradingheardreading