一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 與 一 般 過 去 時 、 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 的 區(qū) 別 ( 一 ) 一 般 過 去 時 態(tài) 、 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 態(tài) 、一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 的 概 念一 般 過 去 時 表 示 在 過 去 某 個 時 間 發(fā) 生 的 動 作 或 存 在 的狀 態(tài) , 也 表 示 過 去 經(jīng) 常 或 反 復(fù) 發(fā) 生 的 動 作 , 常 與yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、 last year、 in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等 表 示 過 去 的 具 體 的 時 間 狀 語 連 用 。例 如 :He came here yesterday. 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 表 示 過 去 的 動 作 ( 或 狀 態(tài) ) 對 現(xiàn) 在產(chǎn) 生 的 影 響 和 結(jié) 果 常 與 ever, never, before , twice, already ,just, yet, so far, since, for , up to now, in past years 等 ,皆 不 確 定 或 模 糊 的 時 間 狀 語 連 用 。 例 如 He has just broken his bottle. 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 表 示 經(jīng) 常 性 , 習(xí) 慣 性 的 動作 或 存 在 的 狀 態(tài) . 通 常 與 副 詞 sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等時 間 狀 語 連 用 。 They usually go to school by bike. I take the medicine three times a day. She helps her mother once a week. He often watches Tv. Mary likes reading interesting stories Marys father is a policeman. There are 50 students in my class. (二 ) 一 般 過 去 時 態(tài) 、 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 和一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 的 區(qū) 別 ) 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 是 表 示 過 去 的 動 作 與 現(xiàn) 在 的 聯(lián)系 , 主 要 說 明 的 是 現(xiàn) 在 的 情 況 和 狀 態(tài) ; 而 一 般過 去 時 則 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 動 作 發(fā) 生 在 過 去 某 一 時 間 , 與 現(xiàn)在 不 發(fā) 生 聯(lián) 系 。 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 表 示 經(jīng) 常 性 , 習(xí) 慣性 的 動 作 或 存 在 的 狀 態(tài) .與 過 去 沒 有 關(guān) 系 。例 如 : We havent seen him since last year. 我 們 自 從去 年 以 來 一 直 未 見 到 他 ( 現(xiàn) 在 還 未 見 到 )We didnt see him last year. 我 們 去 年 沒 見 到他 .( 現(xiàn) 在 不 一 定 未 見 到 )I often see him.(現(xiàn) 在 經(jīng) 常 見 到 ) ) 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 表 示 從 過 去 發(fā) 生 一 直 持 續(xù) 到現(xiàn) 在 ( 包 括 現(xiàn) 在 ) 的 某 個 動 作 或 狀 態(tài) , 與 現(xiàn)在 有 關(guān) 的 時 間 狀 語 連 用 , 一 般 過 去 時 表 示 過去 某 一 特 定 ( 與 現(xiàn) 在 無 關(guān) ) 的 時 間 , 與 具 體的 表 示 過 去 的 時 間 狀 語 連 用 。 例 如 :He has lived here since he was born. 自 他 出 生以 來 一 直 居 住 在 這 兒 。 ( since 自 從 以 來 ,與 現(xiàn) 在 有 關(guān) , 說 明 他 還 居 住 在 這 兒 。 )Liu Mei went to see her grandmother last night . 劉梅 昨 晚 去 看 了 他 外 婆 。 ( 只 說 明 昨 晚 ) 例 如 : We are good friends(現(xiàn) 在 情 況 ) 我 們 是 好 朋 友 。 I got to know him in 2005. (過 去 的 動 作 ) 我 在 2005年 認(rèn) 識 ( 結(jié) 識 ) 他 We have known each other since 2005. (現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 把 過 去 的 動 作 和 現(xiàn) 在 聯(lián) 系起 來 并 著 眼 于 現(xiàn) 在 ) 自 從 2005年 來 我 們 就 相 互 認(rèn) 識 。 ( 三 ) 值 得 注 意 幾 個 問 題 ) 動 作 發(fā) 生 在 過 去 , 一 直 持 續(xù) 到 說 話 的 時 候 , 并 且還 在 延 續(xù) 時 , 要 用 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 。 例 如 : We have studied English for two years. 我 們 學(xué) 英 語兩 年 了 ) 指 過 去 的 經(jīng) 歷 , 但 沒 有 表 示 過 去 的 時 間 狀語 , 要 用 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 。 例 如 :I have been to Shanghai twice . 我 曾 去 過 上 海 兩 次 ) 句 子 中 如 有 過 去 時 的 時 間 副 詞 ( 如 yesterday ,last week, in 1960) 時 ,不 能 使 用 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 , 要 用 過 去 時 。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 4) 以 When開 頭 的 特 殊 疑 問 句 , 要 用 一 般 過 去 時 。 例 如 :When did you lose your pen? 你 什 么 時 候 丟 了 鋼 筆 ? 5) just (剛 剛 ) 與 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 連 用 , just now (剛 才 )與 一 般 過 去 時 連 用 。 例 如 :The train has just gone. 火 車 剛 剛 離 開 。The train left here just now. 火 車 是 剛 才 離 開 。6) since 作 介 詞 , 后 面 跟 時 間 名 詞 一 起 作 狀 語 時 , 句 子 要 用現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 ; since 作 連 詞 , 引 導(dǎo) 狀 語 從 句 時 , 主 句 用 現(xiàn) 在 完成 時 , 從 句 用 一 般 過 去 時 。7) so far, in the last / past 與 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 連 用 。例 如 :So far, many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years, our lives have changed a lot.He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have known him since he was a child. (四 ) 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 應(yīng) 注 意 的 四 個 區(qū) 別 1) 延 續(xù) 性 動 詞 與 短 暫 性 動 詞 的 區(qū) 別 。 2) since 和 for 的 區(qū) 別 。3) have / has gone to; have / has been to;have / has been in 的 區(qū) 別 。4) already和 yet 的 區(qū) 別 A、 leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up turn onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town finishbe over catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on get /receive a letter fromhave a letter fromB、 come to be here / there arrive in ( at) / get to / reachbe here / there join the Army-be in the Army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member( 五 ) 延 續(xù) 性 動 詞 和 短 暫 性 動 詞 轉(zhuǎn) 換 歸 納 1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 1. He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (key s) for和 since的 運(yùn) 用since表 “ 自 從 以 來 ” 。 1)since+時 間 點(diǎn) He has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 時 間 段 + ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從 句 She has taught English since he came here. for+ 時 間 段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 例 如 : for: (長 達(dá) ) 1. He has stayed here for 3 hours. 2. He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.3. He has stayed here since 3 oclock. 4.He has taught English since he came here. Fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:1.We have had the new computer _ a week.2.How long have you studied English? I have studied English _ I was five.3. How long has he taught in this school? He has taught in this school _ 1998.4. How long have you known each other? We have known each other _ over ten years.5. How long have you kept your pet dog? I have kept it _ two years ago. I have kept it _ two years.sincesinceforsincefor for James has been in Canada _ Monday. James has been in Canada _ four days. James came to Canada four days _. My aunt has lived in Brazil _ 15 years. My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _. She has lived in Brazil _ 15 years _. Mike has been in hospital _ October. Mike has been in hospital _ two months Mike came to the hospital two months _ He has been in hospital _ two months _填 上 since ,for或 者 ago. sincefor agofor agosince agosincefor agosince ago They got married six months _. They has been married _ six months. They have been married _ 6 months _. I first met Susan two years _. I have known Susan _ two years. I have known Susan _ two years ago. Sue is in the office. Shes been there _ three hours. Sue came to the office three hours _. Sue has been in the office _ 3 hours _.agoforsince agoagoforsince foragosince ago have gone to have been to have been in 去 了 某 地 , 不 在 這 里曾 經(jīng) 去 過 某 地 ,已 回 來呆 在 某 地 ( 多 長 時 間 )She isnt here. She has gone to the reading- room.She has been to Shanghai twice/once/before.She has been in Beijing for two years. have (has) gone to 意 為 “ 到 某 地 去 了 ” , 表示 到 了 某 地 或 正 在 去 某 地 的 途 中 。 總 之 , 說話 時 該 人 不 在 現(xiàn) 場 , 一 般 不 用 第 一 、 第 二 人稱 代 詞 作 句 子 的 主 語 。 -Where is Tom?湯 姆 在 哪 里 ? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他 到 書 店 去 了 。 Father has gone to Hong Kong. Hell be back in a week. 爸 爸 到 香 港 去 了 , 一 星 期 后 回 來 II. have (has) been to表 示 “ 曾 經(jīng) 去 過 某地 ” , 現(xiàn) 在 已 經(jīng) 不 在 那 里 了 。 可 以 與 just, ever, never等 連 用 。 I have just been to the post office. 我 剛 剛 去 過 郵 局 。 Tim has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪 麗 從 未 去 過 長 城 。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你 曾 經(jīng) 去 過 杭 州 嗎 ? have (has) been to 后 面 可 接 次 數(shù) , 表 示 去過 某 地 幾 次 。 I have been to Beijing three times. 我 去 過 北 京 三 次 。 They have been to that Happy Valleys several times. 他 們 去 過 歡 樂 谷 好 幾 次 了 have (has) been in 表 示 “ 在 某 地 呆 多 長 時 間 ” ,常 與 表 示 一 段 時 間 的 狀 語 連 用 。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布 朗 先 生 來 上 海 已 經(jīng) 有 三 天 了 。They have been in Canada for five years. 他 們 到 加 拿 大 有 五 年 了 We have been in Shenzhen Middle School Junior Campus for over two months.我 們 在 深 中 初 中 部 兩 個 多 月 了 . 用 have/has gone to, have/has been to或have/has been in 填 空 。1.Bill is on holiday at the moment. He _ Spain.has gone to2. “Wheres Lily?” “Shes not here.I think she _ to the bank.”has gone to3. Hello, Sue. Where _ you _? _ you _ _ the bank?have beenHave been to 4. Tim is in hopital. He _ hospital for five days. has been in 5. “How long _ she _ _ England?” “She _ _ _ England since Monday.” for three days. has been inhas been to6. My father _ _ _ Shanghai twice.has been in7. I can find Susan. Where _ she _?8. Oh, Hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where _ you _?has gone have been already和 yet 的 區(qū) 別already常 用 于 肯 定 句 中 或 句 末 ; yet常用 于 一 般 疑 問 句 或 否 定 句 末 。 但 表 驚訝 時 already也 可 用 于 疑 問 句 。 例 如 : 1.Tom has already finished his home-work. 2. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.3.What! Have you already finished it? Shall we eat lunch? I am _ hungry. Have you met our foreign teacher _? No, not _. Has the bell rung _? Yes, It has _ rung. The computer has not been repaired _. We have _ changed the plan because Linda hasnt made up her mind _.Have you ordered the takeaway food _? Yes. We have _ ordered it.already yetyet yetalreadyalready yet yetalready yetFill in already or yet when needed Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、 Tom has got up for half an hour.2 、 Liu Mei has joined the League for three years.3、 The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、 The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、 When have you cleaned the classroom? It s clean now.6、 How long have you caught a cold?7、 She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.火 眼 金 睛 Multiple choice.( ) 1. Has your brother found his lost car _? - No, he hasnt. A. still B. already C. just D. yet( ) 2. The visitors _ here for a week. A. have left B. have come C. have arrived D. have been( ) 3. Where _ you _ all these years, Jim? A. have, been B. did , be C. were, been D. did, stay( ) 4. Ive _ this dictionary _ a year. A. bought, for B. had, for C. bought, since D. had, sinceDDAB ( ) 5. You _ here before, _ you? A. never are, are B. never came, do C. have never been, have D. were never, were( ) 6. The doctor _ to Beijing twice. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes( ) 7. My mother has _ made a big mooncake herself. A. already B. yet C. just D. always( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He _ here for a month. A.has gone B. has left C. has been away from D. leftCBAC ( ) 9._you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Have seen, did see B. Did see, did watch C. Have seen, have seen D. Did see, have seen( ) 10. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already. -When _ you _ it? -The day before yesterday. A. have; seen B. will; see C. did; see D. did; seen ( )11. “Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .” A. did get, shouted B. has got, shouted C. did get, has shouted D. has got, has shoutedACA 用 所 給 動 詞 的 適 當(dāng) 形 式 填 空 。 I _ in Shenzhen for about 15 years. (live)2. He _ here since 1998. (work)3. Bob isnt in. He_ to the cinema. (go)4. I _ to Australia three times. (be)5. She _ English for about five years. (study)6. She _ English since 1999. (teach)have livedhas worked has gonehas studiedhas taughthave been 7. We _ each other for about 5 years. (know)8. _ you ever _ to Australia? (be) No. I _ never _ there. But I _ _ to Canada once. 9.Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago .Now it _ (become) a large city.10.My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired nowhave knownHave beenhave been have been wasbecomeshas come