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1、專題十一語法填空之提示詞類 高考24話題之(十一)：世界與環(huán)境(The world and the environment)北京市將舉辦主題為“Protecting Mother Earth”的中學生英語作文競賽。你準備根據(jù)下列四幅圖畫寫一篇“Story of a Tree”的英語小故事參賽。【 寫 作 話 題 】 Once there was a family_(live) in cabin under a huge tree. Its strong branches and thick_ (leaf) kept the family safe_the wind and rain.【 語 法

2、 填 空 】 livingleavesfrom Some time late, they felled down the tree with an ax, as they were built another cabin. And strong winds blew away the roof of both the old and new cabins.答 案late改為later；built改為buildingroof改為roofs【 語 法 改 錯 】 Story of a TreeOnce there was a family living in cabin under a huge

3、tree.Its strong branches and thick leaves kept the family safe from the wind and rain.Some time later, they felled down the tree with an ax, as they were building another cabin.They needed the wood for its walls and the branches and leaves for its roof.But before the comple-【 范 文 背 誦 】 tion of the n

4、ew cabin, there came a storm.And strong winds blew away the roofs of both the old and new cabins, because the tree was no longer there to protect the place from the wind. 根據(jù)范文畫線部分仿寫下面情景：有很多人遭受了沙塵暴之苦。_這些村民種植了很多樹來保護自己，不受寒風的侵襲。_答案There are lots of people suffering from sandstorms.These villagers plante

5、d large numbers of trees to protect themselves from the cold wind.【 自 主 空 間 】 A(2016新課標乙卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1._(attract)做 真 題 悟 高 考 限 時 15分 鐘 So it was a great honour to be invited backsta

6、ge at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.I 2._(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 3._(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes

7、 back 4._my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5._I was the first Western TV reporter 6._(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassa-dorial duties will include 7._ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a res

8、earch centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8.(it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9._ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10.other is with mum-she never suspects.語 篇 解 讀

9、 對作者來說，成都最吸引人的當數(shù)熊貓了。作者與熊貓的關系可以追溯到二十世紀八十年代中期。如今，作者將作為它們的英國大使，向英國游客介紹它們。 1attraction考查名詞。形容詞top后面跟名詞形式。2was allowed考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。動詞allow與主語I之間是被動關系，根據(jù)上文時態(tài)可知，此處用一般過去式的被動語態(tài)。3officially考查副詞。修飾動詞用副詞形式。4to考查介詞。go back to是固定搭配，to是介詞，后接表示時間、地點等的詞，意為“回到”。 5when考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the mid-1980s，表示時間，從

10、句中缺少狀語，因此用when。6permitted考查非謂語動詞。本句中謂語部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)was the first Western TV reporter，此處需用非謂語動詞形式。因為reporter與permit之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞。 7introducing考查非謂語動詞。動詞include后缺少賓語，因此用動詞-ing形式。8its考查代詞。指代前面的a lively three- month-old twin，在句中修飾mother，應用形容詞性物主代詞。9days考查名詞。few后接名詞復數(shù)形式。10the考查固定搭配。表示“兩者中的一個另一個”用one.the othe

11、r.。 B(2016新課標甲卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識別)those of 1._(great) and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2._(achieve)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3._(be) often a

12、cceptable. Most of us are more focused 4.our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 6.(study) sho

13、w that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7._(regular)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8._while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9._(bring) your work home.It coul

14、d be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10._(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。該文告訴我們當工作壓力大時，應如何釋放壓力。 1greater與less是并列關系，應用比較級。2achievement其前面有介詞of，應用名詞形式作介詞的賓語。3isv-ing 形式作主語，謂語應用第三人稱單數(shù)。全文說明的是一種生活常識，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。4on形容

15、詞短語be focused on“集中于”。很多人早晨對任務的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。 5as考查固定搭配。短語as.as.“和一樣”。正是因為人們早晨的注意力更為集中，所以我們要早起，要和午飯之前一樣的高效率。6studies本句的謂語動詞是show，說明主語應為復數(shù)形式。7regularly考查副詞。本句中使用副詞regularly作狀語修飾動詞take short breaks。 8a介詞短語for a while是固定搭配，表示一會兒。該處是指“讓你的身體和大腦通過外出走走的方式休息一會兒”。9to bringbe likely to do sth.是一種常見用法。本處表示“

16、如果你找到了下班后你喜歡做的事，你不太可能把工作帶回家去做”。10make本句為祈使句，應用動詞原形。句意為：要確保是讓你釋放日常壓力的事，而不是讓你擔憂的事。 有提示詞題是指“使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空”這類題，主要考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化等四種情況。探 考 點 攻 難 點 當設空處前給出動詞原形，設空處一般會考查動詞的時態(tài)(即考綱上要求的一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在進行時、一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時、一般將來時、過去將來時)，動詞的被動語態(tài)形式或考查非謂語動詞用法?？键c一動詞用法 1考查時態(tài)或語態(tài)第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定句中是否缺謂語

17、。如缺謂語動詞，則考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。第二步：看主語與謂語之間是主動關系還是被動關系，以確定用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)，同時還要根據(jù)語境考慮用哪種時態(tài)。第三步：要注意主謂一致。 典例1 Silk_(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.解析空格處是全句的謂語，由時間狀語by about 100 BC可知要用過去完成時。答 案 had become 典例2 Large amounts of money_(spend) on the project so far.解析空格處是謂語，時間狀

18、語so far要求用現(xiàn)在完成時，而且spend與主語是被動關系，同時，Large amounts作主語，謂語用復數(shù)，所以最佳答案是have been spent。答 案 have been spent 2考查非謂語動詞第一步：若句中已有謂語，且設空處不是作并列謂語，應考慮該空考查非謂語動詞。第二步：根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些詞語的特殊要求，確定用哪種非謂語動詞形式。如作目的狀語一般用不定式形式，而作原因、伴隨、時間等狀語時，需用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞形式；如作主語或賓語用-ing形式或不定式；如作enjoy,finish等的賓語時，需用v.-ing形式；如作decid

19、e， refuse等動詞的賓語時，需用不定式形式。如設空前為系動詞，需用v.-ing形式(意為：令人感到的)或過去分詞(感到的)作表語。第三步：確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語是主動還是被動關系。第四步：根據(jù)非謂語動詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的先后關系確定用一般式還是用完成式。 典例1 _(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.解析空格處狀語，“與我們更容易的取得聯(lián)系”是“把卡片留在手邊”的目的，故用動詞不定式，動詞make與主語you是主動關系，要用不定式的主動形式。答 案 To m

20、ake 典例2 To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study_ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析題中的a study是look at的賓語，所以空格處不是謂語，而是定語修飾study, conduct意為“進行”，與study是被動關系，且表示完成，故用其過去分詞形式。答 案 conducted 典例3 I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_(work) with students.解析句意：我在海上

21、航行和現(xiàn)在和學生一起一樣快樂。使用非謂語動詞作狀語，I和work是主謂關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語。答 案 working 當給出形容詞、副詞形式時，往往要求寫出形容詞的比較級或最高級形式；有時考查形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。如果給出的是名詞，而且作主語或賓語，則有可能用其復數(shù)形式?？键c二形容詞、副詞和名詞的單復數(shù)形式 第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定所給詞在句子中作定語還是狀語還是主語或賓語。第二步：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、語境或句子意義確定是填比較級還是最高級以及要不要加表示否定或相反意義的前綴，如果是名詞，判斷是否用其復數(shù)形式。 典例1 I have always enjoyed all the events you

22、 organized and I hope to attend_(many) in the coming years.解析句意：我一直很喜歡你組織的所有的活動并且希望在未來的幾年里參加更多的活動。此處用many的比較級more。答 案 more 典例2 Andy is content with the toy.It is_ (good) he has ever got.解析句意：這是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根據(jù)定語從句he has ever got可知此處用最高級。答 案 best 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變化為主，如：形容詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與動詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；動詞

23、與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化等。第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定要填的詞在句中充當哪種句子成分。比如，修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，或修飾整個句子，作狀語，用副詞；作主語或賓語用名詞；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后，用名詞?？键c三詞類轉(zhuǎn)化 第二步：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。注意：有時不但要注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴，其邏輯意義才通順；而且要特別注意所填詞的正確的拼寫形式。 典例1 There are a lot of_(attract) here for us to visit.解析空格處是“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，用名詞。而且此處指很多名勝，故用名詞的復數(shù)形式。答

24、 案 attractions 典例2 _(fortunate), the fire was discovered soon after it had started.解析句意：幸好火勢剛起就立即被發(fā)現(xiàn)了?？崭裉幹糜谌涞木涫?，用逗號與其他部分隔開，作狀語，用副詞形式。答 案 Fortunately 典例3 He felt_(comfortable) with the cold weather, so he decided to move to the south.解析句意：他對于寒冷的天氣感覺不舒服，所以決定搬往南方。根據(jù)句意可知此處應該用comfortable的反義詞。答 案 uncomfortable