1.英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣. 2. 定義：用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。,一、虛擬語氣定義,二、虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn) 1、一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法； 條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 2、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法； 3、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣用法；,1、一般條件句中的虛擬語氣,,,,1. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 2. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 3. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,與過去事實(shí)相反,與未來事實(shí)相反,If I were you, I ____ buy the house right now. A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t 2. _____more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he ____ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able,B,C,A,條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中含有 should，were， had 三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞并且放在句首時(shí)，可以把if省略。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,三、 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：,1.假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.,,,,,2. 名詞性從句的虛擬語氣。 主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。,賓語從句。常見動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 兩個(gè)命令：order, command 四個(gè)建議：advise, suggest, propose，recommend 四個(gè)要求：demand , require, request, ask,這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,我們建議Tom去休息一下。 他堅(jiān)決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be sentenced to death the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,It’s suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；,1）wish + 賓語從句,,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,過去時(shí) (did/were),過去完成時(shí) (had done),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.,,,,2）would rather that -,,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,,Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,過去時(shí),過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),3） as if /though + 從句,,現(xiàn)在： 過去：,過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,4.It’s high time +that -,,should +V.,過去時(shí),你該走了。,我們該睡覺了。,It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you were going. It’s high time that you should go.,It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.,,,,,,5）without, otherwise, but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。,Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.,6）If only …(要是…就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！,If only I hadn’t missed the train!,經(jīng)典題目 1. If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now. asked … would know had asked … would have known C. asked him … know D. had asked … would know 2. _____ as far as the river bank, he would have seen the beautiful scenery. A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,C,D,3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 4. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,B,C,