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Unit 15 Learning,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.oxygenn.氧氣 2.correctionn.改正,改進(jìn) correctadj.正確的 vt.改正 vi.調(diào)整 3.simplifyvt.簡(jiǎn)化 simpleadj.簡(jiǎn)單的 simplyadv.簡(jiǎn)單地;僅僅 4.secureadj.穩(wěn)定的;無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的 vt.保護(hù);使安全 securityn.安全,保證 5.suspectvt.教導(dǎo),,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,8.bury vt.埋葬 9.motto n.格言,座右銘 10.conservative adj.保守的,舊式的 conservation n.保護(hù),保存 11.alternative adj.可選擇的;另類的 n.二者選一;供替代的選擇 12.outstanding adj.杰出的,優(yōu)秀的 13.punishment n.懲罰,處罰 punish vt.& vi.懲罰 14.reputation n.名譽(yù),名聲 15.obey vt.服從,聽(tīng)從 16.misunderstand vt.誤解 misunderstood (過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞),,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,17.lack vt.缺乏,沒(méi)有 n.缺乏,不足 18.access n.接近;機(jī)會(huì),權(quán)利;通道,入口 accessible adj.可得到的,可進(jìn)入的;易受影響的 19.worthwhile adj.值得努力的 worth n.價(jià)值;財(cái)富 adj.值得的;值錢的 worthy adj.值得做的;可尊敬的;配得上的 worthless adj.無(wú)價(jià)值的 20.acquire vt.獲得,得到 21.defence n.保衛(wèi),保護(hù) defend vt.防守,防護(hù);辯護(hù) 22.ignore vt.忽視,不顧 ignorance n.無(wú)知,愚昧 23.urge vt.力勸;強(qiáng)烈要求,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,24.inspire vt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示 inspiration n.靈感;鼓舞人心 25.civilisation/civilization n.文明 civilised/civilized adj.文明的;有禮的 26.beneficial adj.有用的,有益的 benefit vt.有益,有利 vi.受益,得益 n.利益;津貼 27.adapt vt.改編;使適應(yīng) adaption n.適應(yīng) 28.appreciation n.欣賞 appreciate vt.欣賞;感激,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.frankly speaking老實(shí)說(shuō) 2.lay off 裁員,解雇 3.aside from除……之外 4.to a certain extent在某種程度上 5.set off 出發(fā);引起;使爆炸 6.be accustomed to習(xí)慣于 7.tend to經(jīng)常做;傾向于 8.approve of 贊成;贊許 9.as a whole總的來(lái)說(shuō) 10.become of 發(fā)生,結(jié)果是 11.be about to 即將,就要 e to one’s defence為某人辯解;保護(hù)某人,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.我感覺(jué)自己好像做錯(cuò)了什么。 I felt as if I had done something wrong! 2.有時(shí)我真希望能給他打個(gè)電話問(wèn)問(wèn)他的意見(jiàn)! Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion! 3.有一次我當(dāng)場(chǎng)捉到他與一個(gè)朋友比賽誰(shuí)從學(xué)校舞臺(tái)上吐口水吐得最遠(yuǎn)。 Once I caught him and a friend seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage! 4.政府本該在科學(xué)教育方面投入更多的資金。 The government should have put more money towards science education.,,,,,Graham Lawrence,now a science author 1.giving(give) presentations on TV,recalls his teacher Mr Jenkins.Graham went to Overton School during 1981 and 1989.At that time he was not very good at most school subjects.2.But when he went into Mr Jenkins’ class,he became interested in a subject for the first time.Before Mr Jenkins’ class,science had simply been a subject full of strange 3.words(word) to him.But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting.He used to 4.simplify (simple) difficult things by using practical examples.Graham knew that he wasn’t a 5.willing(will) student and he shouldn’t have been so difficult at school,but it was probably because he lacked 6.confidence (confident) in himself.It was Mr Jenkins 7.who/that made him feel that he could make it. Just as Mr Jenkins said,Graham was very difficult at first.But once he took 8.an interest in something,he changed.He loved science!He was very bright and 9.should have done(do) much better in all his other subjects.Mr Jenkins finds it difficult to teach nowadays.There are lots of problems and not enough money.The government should have put more money towards science education.He also 10.wishes(wish) they would decrease the size of classes.,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?secure adj.安全的;安心的;牢固的 vt.保護(hù);(使)獲得;使安全 I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure full-time job.我決定給自己第二次機(jī)會(huì),在維持一份穩(wěn)定的全職工作的同時(shí),利用晚上和周末的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)以取得學(xué)位。(教材原句P36) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 1.feel secure 感到安全 be secure in 在……方面牢固的 2.secure against (from) 保護(hù)……使免于 She felt secure and protected when she was with him.和他在一起的時(shí)候,她有一種被保護(hù)的安全感。 You cannot secure yourself against all risks and dangers.天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云,人有旦夕禍福。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Measures should be taken to secure the campus against all kinds of incidents. 2.Parents should do everything they can to secure(secure) their children.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?suspect vt.& vi.懷疑 n.被懷疑者,嫌疑 I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.我懷疑他們解雇我是因?yàn)楣具\(yùn)營(yíng)狀況不佳,但是這仍使我哽咽欲哭。(教材原句P36) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 suspect that.懷疑…… suspect sb./sth.懷疑某人/某事 suspect sb.to be/to have done.懷疑某人是/做過(guò)…… suspect sb.of (doing) sth.懷疑某人(做)某事 Why didn’t she suspect the cheat?她為什么不懷疑那個(gè)騙子? I suspected him to be a liar.我料想他是一個(gè)說(shuō)謊者。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,The security department suspected him of giving information to a foreign company.安全部門懷疑他向一家外國(guó)公司提供情報(bào)。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.He resigned after being suspected(suspect) of the theft. 2.The drug is suspected of causing(cause) over 200 deaths. 3.Many of them suspected me to have told(tell) a lie. 4.The police caught the suspected(suspect) murderer as he was getting on the plane.,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?instruct vt.命令,指示;教導(dǎo),指導(dǎo) I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered. 我讓孫子教我如何發(fā)郵件和上網(wǎng),而且我很享受收發(fā)信息的速度。(教材原句P36) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 instruct sb.in sth.教某人學(xué)習(xí)某事 instruct that.命令,指示(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) as instructed 依照指示,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,Our staff have been instructed to offer you every assistance.我方工作人員奉命為您提供一切幫助。 She instructed me in the use of the telephone.她教我使用電話。 He instructed that a wall be built around the city.他下令在城市的周圍筑一道城墻。 She arrived at 10 o’clock as instructed.她依照指示于10點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)。 ◆拓展延伸 instruction n.指示;命令 instructions (pl.) 用法說(shuō)明;操作指南 instructor n.教練;導(dǎo)師 instructional adj.教學(xué)的;教育的 instructive adj.有教育意義的,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.instruct 指“教導(dǎo),指導(dǎo)”,尤指教授具體的技巧。 2.teach 泛指“教”,系普通用詞。 3.educate 指長(zhǎng)期地、全面地教育,尤指學(xué)校的教育,也指行為技能的培訓(xùn)。 4.train“訓(xùn)練,培訓(xùn)”,主要指訓(xùn)練特定的技能和知識(shí),以滿足一定層次的工作需要。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空 1.He was instructed to act(act) with extreme caution. 2.Our teacher instructed that we (should)hand(hand) in our papers after class. 3.We returned the questionnaires as instructed(instruct). 4.Instructions(instruct) for using the tool can be found in the box. 5.This book is not instructive(instruct) or interesting.,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?alternative adj.兩者擇一的,可選擇的 n.二者擇一;供替代的選擇 What does “alternative education” mean?什么是“選擇性教育”?(教材原句P38) Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有沒(méi)有別的辦法來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題? ◆常見(jiàn)用法 an alternative to.……的替代品 have no alternative/choice but to do sth.別無(wú)選擇只好做某事 There is no alternative.別無(wú)選擇 The soldiers have no alternative but to fight till the victory.戰(zhàn)士們沒(méi)有選擇余地,只有戰(zhàn)斗下去,直至勝利。 We had to go on,because there was no (other) alternative.我們只能繼續(xù)下去,因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有其他的選擇。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.對(duì)不起,我別無(wú)選擇,只好把車賣了。 I’m sorry.I have no alternative but to sell the car. 2.經(jīng)理說(shuō)如果他們遞交的計(jì)劃不被采納,他們還有另外一個(gè)計(jì)劃。 The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?lack vt.缺乏,缺少 n.缺乏,不足 .but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.……但是這可能是因?yàn)槲胰狈ψ孕拧?教材原句P40) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 1.lack sth.缺乏某物 lack for sth.需要某物(常用于否定句) 2.a lack of.缺乏…… for/through lack of.因?yàn)槿狈Α?have no lack of.不缺乏…… They lacked for nothing.他們什么都不缺。 He can not buy a car because of his lack of money.他因缺錢買不起車。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 lacking adj.缺乏的,不足的(不能作定語(yǔ)) be lacking in=lack 缺乏 He is somewhat lacking in humor.他有些缺乏幽默感。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Though lacking(lack) money,his parents managed to send him to university. 2.Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 3.Of the 2,000 stock investors surveyed last month,90% were found lacking(lack) in financial knowledge.,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?access n.進(jìn)入(權(quán));接近;通道,入口 The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.作為老師,你可以在孩子們心靈頓開、渴望學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)了解他們的思想。(教材原句P40) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 access to.進(jìn)入/到達(dá)……的方法;使用……的機(jī)會(huì) have/gain/get/obtain access to擁有使用……的機(jī)會(huì);可以接近……;進(jìn)入…… The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一條泥濘小路。 Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以免費(fèi)使用這個(gè)圖書館。 Some groups still have difficulty gaining access to social services.有些群體要獲得享用社會(huì)服務(wù)的權(quán)利還有困難。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 accessible adj.可接近的;可進(jìn)入的;可使用的 be accessible to為……能夠接近;供……使用 These documents are not accessible to the public.公眾無(wú)法看到這些文件。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible(access) to the kids. 2.With no access to public water,Tom relies on a well for his family’s water needs.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花時(shí)間的;有價(jià)值的 And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult,then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile.如果作為教師我的行為可以幫助像格雷厄姆那樣的孩子成為一名成功人士,那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。(教材原句P40) The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students.老師給學(xué)生推薦了一些真正有價(jià)值的小說(shuō)。 ◆常見(jiàn)用法 It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事 It isn’t worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.在小問(wèn)題上犯不著花這么多時(shí)間。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆詞義辨析,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 1.用worth,worthy,worthwhile翻譯句子 這個(gè)地方很值得一游。 The place is well worth visiting./The place is very worthy to be visited/of a visit/of being visited./It is very worthwhile to visit/visiting the place. 2.用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Jam insisted that the book Mr Black referred to be worth buying(buy).,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?urge vt.敦促;力勸,強(qiáng)烈要求 At first,people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.起初,人們贊同他的研究并強(qiáng)烈要求他繼續(xù)下去……(教材原句P42) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 1.urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that/It is urged that.極力主張(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) urge sb./sth.on 激勵(lì)(人);驅(qū)策(動(dòng)物) urge sth.on sb.向某人強(qiáng)調(diào)某事 2.have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 I urge that you (should) read this report carefully.我勸你仔細(xì)看看這份報(bào)告。 He urged the horses on with a whip.他用鞭子策馬前行。 They urged on us the need for cooperation.他們向我們強(qiáng)調(diào)合作的必要性。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 urgent adj.緊急的,迫切的 in urgent need of 急需 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.They urged us to give(give) our support. 2.Urged(urge) on by the crowd,the Italian team scored two more goals. 3.These people are in urgent(urge) need of relief.,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?inspire vt.鼓舞;激發(fā),啟示 But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.但是盡管亞里士多德是一位偉人,曾啟迪了后來(lái)的很多偉大的科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家,但他有時(shí)也會(huì)出錯(cuò)。(教材原句P43) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 inspire sb.激勵(lì)某人 inspire sb.to do sth.激勵(lì)某人做某事 inspire sth.in sb.激發(fā)某人的…… The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.美麗的景色激發(fā)了作曲家的靈感。 His speech inspired us to try again.他的演講鼓舞了我們?cè)僮鲊L試。 His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.他的一番鼓勵(lì)激起了我的信心。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 inspired adj.受到鼓勵(lì)的;有靈感的 inspiring adj.令人振奮的,激勵(lì)人的 inspirationn.靈感;鼓舞 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用inspire的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.His inspiring speech cheered the audience up. 2.Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,adapt vi.適應(yīng) vt.改編,改寫;使適應(yīng) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 adapt to適應(yīng) adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng) be adapted from根據(jù)…… 改寫/改編 adapt.for.為……改編/改建/改造 When he moved to Canada,the children adapted to the change very well.他移居加拿大后孩子們很好地適應(yīng)了變化。 This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.這部小說(shuō)已由俄文原著改編成無(wú)線電廣播節(jié)目。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 adaptation n.適應(yīng);改編;改寫本 adaptable adj.能適應(yīng)的;可改編的 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.We should adapt ourselves(us) to the changed conditions. 2.The grammar book is adapted for beginners. 3.Birds are very adaptable(adapt) in their eating habits. 4.The play is an adaptation(adapt) of a short novel.,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?frankly speaking老實(shí)說(shuō) Frankly speaking,the last four years have been hard work,but it’s been worth it!說(shuō)實(shí)話,最后的四年很艱苦,但很值得!(教材原句P36) ◆拓展延伸 generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái) strictly speaking嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái) properly speaking確切地說(shuō) exactly speaking精確地說(shuō) Generally speaking,learning hard is worthwhile in the end.一般說(shuō)來(lái),努力學(xué)習(xí)到頭來(lái)都是值得的。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆特別提醒 V-ing形式可作插入語(yǔ),構(gòu)成懸垂分詞(即分詞不受邏輯主語(yǔ)影響)。常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)enerally speaking,considering everything,supposing,judging from等。 Supposing he is absent tomorrow,what shall we do?假使他明天不來(lái),我們?cè)趺崔k? Judging from his skin,he must be from Africa.根據(jù)他的皮膚判斷,他一定是非洲人。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 1.完成句子 Generally speaking(一般來(lái)說(shuō)),the pay isn’t attractive enough,though the job itself is quite interesting. 2.單句填空 Judging(judge)from media reports,the result has been unclear.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?lay off 暫時(shí)解雇,裁員;停止;休息 Three months ago,when my manager told me that I would be laid off,my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三個(gè)月前,當(dāng)經(jīng)理告訴我我將要下崗時(shí),我的腦海一片空白,心中充滿怒火。(教材原句P36) ◆拓展延伸 lay aside 把……放在一邊;暫時(shí)擱置一邊;積蓄(金錢),留出(時(shí)間) lay down 放下,躺下;制定,規(guī)定 You ought to lay aside some money for future use.你應(yīng)該為將來(lái)存些錢。 She laid herself down to rest for a while.她躺下稍稍休息了一會(huì)兒。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~填空 1.My bike was laid aside for repairs. 2.The car factory is going to lay off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?aside from 除……之外 And aside from emailing,it’s fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.除了收發(fā)郵件,通過(guò)攝像頭和我身在美國(guó)的外孫視頻及交談也很有趣。(教材原句P36) Everything was quiet,aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.除了遠(yuǎn)處偶爾有汽車的聲響外,四周一片寂靜。 ◆拓展延伸 apart from除……之外 on top of除……之外 as well as除……之外 Apart from my elder brother,I had a sister who was three years older than me.除了一個(gè)哥哥外,我還有一個(gè)姐姐,她大我三歲。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆短語(yǔ)辨析 aside from 和apart from都有“離開”的意思。aside from 表示“離開”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;apart from表示“分離”,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 She drove aside from the main road.她駛離了主干道。 She lives apart from her family.她和家人分居。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Aside from good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 2.Aside from being(be) fun and good exercise,swimming is a very useful skill.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?be accustomed to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于做某事;(眼睛對(duì)光線變化)漸漸適應(yīng)了 Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us,modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us.雖然我們現(xiàn)在更習(xí)慣于在搜索引擎里打出幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵字,等待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)吐出答案;然而幸運(yùn)的是,現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和思想家還在用這種分析的方法為我們解決世界上的問(wèn)題。(教材原句P42) ◆拓展延伸 be/become/get/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事 accustom sb.to (doing) sth.使某人習(xí)慣于(做)某事 be/get used to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,We have got accustomed to living in an air-conditioned room.我們已習(xí)慣了生活在有空調(diào)的房間里。 My eyes were becoming accustomed to the gloom.我的眼睛漸漸適應(yīng)了黑暗。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 1.完成句子 誰(shuí)也不愿意與慣于食言的人打交道。 No one wishes to deal with a person who is accustomed to breaking his word. 2.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 —They are quiet,aren’t they? —Yes.They are accustomed to not talking(talk) at meals.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?tend to趨向;易于;有助于;護(hù)理,照顧 The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.教會(huì)和許多人更愿意忽視事實(shí),不愿意去挑戰(zhàn)他們一直所輕易相信的一切。(教材原句P42) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 tend to do sth.=be likely to do sth.傾向做某事;往往會(huì)做某事 tend to be.往往是…… tend to/towards.傾向于…… tend to sb.=look after sb.照顧某人 They tend to use first names in most situations and speak freely about themselves.在大部分場(chǎng)合他們傾向于直呼其名,毫不拘束地談?wù)撟约骸?This policy tends to the improvement of economic results.這一政策有助于提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用tend的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Many people hold mistaken beliefs about the reason for cancer,tending to think it is environmental factors rather than personal behavior. 2.I never forget the days when I was tended by the villagers when I was wounded.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!有時(shí)我真希望能給他打個(gè)電話問(wèn)問(wèn)他的意見(jiàn)!(教材原句P40) 1.wish后跟從句時(shí)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表達(dá)不太現(xiàn)實(shí)或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 2.wish引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天能下雨。 He wishes Rose were here to share his joy.他真希望露絲也在這里分享他的喜悅。 He wished he hadn’t said that.他希望他沒(méi)講那樣的話。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.I didn’t go to the party,but I do wish I had been(be) there. 2.I wish that someday I could live(live) on the moon.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?catch sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 Once I caught him and a friend seeing who could spit furthest off the school stage!有一次我當(dāng)場(chǎng)捉住他與一個(gè)朋友比賽誰(shuí)從學(xué)校舞臺(tái)上吐口水吐得最遠(yuǎn)。(教材原句P40) catch sb.doing sth.意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事;(出其不意地)碰上某人正在做某事”。 具有相似用法的感官動(dòng)詞還有:see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listen to,find,feel,look at,catch sight of,spot,witness等,其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、名詞以及不帶to的不定式。 The teacher caught the two students passing the answers.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)學(xué)生在傳遞答案。 Whoever was caught cheating in the exam would be punished.被發(fā)現(xiàn)作弊的學(xué)生將會(huì)受到懲罰。 I caught sight of a bird flying in the sky.我看見(jiàn)一只鳥兒在空中飛翔。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.He was caught by the police driving(drive) at 100 miles an hour through the city. 2.When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?should have done的用法 The government should have put more money towards science education.政府本該在科學(xué)教育方面投入更多的資金。(教材原句P40) should have done只用于談?wù)撨^(guò)去,主要分兩種情況。 1.用于指本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生的情況,相當(dāng)于ought to have done。具有類似用法的還有:can/could have done “本可以做某事(卻沒(méi)做)”,needn’t have done“本不必做某事(卻做了)”。 You should have told me you were coming.你該事先告訴我你要來(lái)。 2.用于推測(cè)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況。具有類似用法的還有:must have done,can/could have done,may/might have done。 I can’t think why he should have been so angry.我想不通他怎么會(huì)這樣生氣。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 翻譯下列句子 1.此時(shí)他本該到了。 He should have arrived by now. 2.我本該在9點(diǎn)以前離開倫敦,但是我沒(méi)有。 I should have left London before 9,but I didn’t.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?不定式作方式狀語(yǔ) All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered;the point is to discover them.所有的真理一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)都很容易被人理解,關(guān)鍵是要發(fā)現(xiàn)它。(教材原句P43) 當(dāng)不定式放在表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不受邏輯主語(yǔ)影響,一律用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 English is easy to learn but hard to master.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很容易,但想精通卻很難。 I found the man easy to get along with.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)人很容易相處。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the phone more comfortable to hold(hold). 2.This machine is very easy to operate(operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·江蘇高考改編)He was actually a published author,and he was (current) working on a new book. currently。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。 2.(2015·安徽高考改編)Some people avoid small talk because they (like) discussing things like traffic or weather. dislike。句意:很多人避免寒暄,因?yàn)樗麄儾幌矚g談?wù)撓窠煌ê吞鞖膺@樣的話題。根據(jù)句意及avoid可知,空處意為“不喜歡”,故填like的反義詞dislike。 3.(2015·陜西高考改編)It was a very (luck) dog.She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water. lucky。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞dog。 4.(2014·天津高考改編)The inventing finally completed,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was (official) launched at the 2006 London Book Fair. officially。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用official的副詞形式officially。,5.(2014·四川高考改編)And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial (express). expressions。此空作賓語(yǔ),且被形容詞facial修飾,故用名詞形式。主語(yǔ)是their answers,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6.(2014·浙江高考改編)We most prefer to say yes to the (request) of someone we know and like. requests。由空格前的冠詞和空格后的介詞并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知空格處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 7.(2014·湖北高考改編)Is this your necklace,Mary?I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. across。固定搭配come across“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn),遇見(jiàn)”。 8.(2014·北京高考改編)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize). being recognized。影星戴太陽(yáng)鏡是為了在購(gòu)物時(shí)不被別人認(rèn)出來(lái)。介詞without后需用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。,9.(2012·江蘇高考改編) (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. Basing。句意:把一個(gè)重要的決定更多地建立在情感基礎(chǔ)上,而不是以理性思考為基礎(chǔ),你遲早會(huì)后悔的。此處動(dòng)詞base與其邏輯主語(yǔ)you之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 10.(2012·湖南高考改編)It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. that。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was.that.”,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是not until I came here。,二、單元話題微寫作 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí) 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語(yǔ)短文。 1.英語(yǔ)是一種國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言,學(xué)好它可以讓我們很好地與不同地區(qū)的人們交流。(have access to;people of various areas) 2.首先,學(xué)以致用是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的根本原則。(principle;serve the purpose) 3.大量的練習(xí)是基礎(chǔ)。另外,有個(gè)好老師也是關(guān)鍵。 (hold the key to) 4.要時(shí)刻保持對(duì)英語(yǔ)的濃厚興趣。(keep an interest in) Nowadays,English is an international language,and learning it well can allow us to have access to communicating with people of various areas.First of all,we must adhere to the principle of making study serve the practical purpose.Besides,practicing a lot can lay a solid foundation for it.An excellent teacher also holds the key to your success,for he/she can instruct you on how to learn English more effectively.Keeping an interest in English really matters!,