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專題四 社會(huì)文化類,【典例示范】,A,B,A (2015天津卷,D篇) Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had:Be bold and brave—and mighty(強(qiáng)大的) forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.,A,B,Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子彈)—and stopped him cold.” Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫折) and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.,A,B,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為議論文。作者通過自己和一位大學(xué)同學(xué)的事例說明自信和勇敢的重要性,告誡人們不要讓恐懼束縛自己的手腳,鼓勵(lì)人們最大限度地發(fā)掘自身潛能。 1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past? A.He faced huge risks. B.He lacked mighty forces. C.Fear prevented him from trying. D.Failure blocked his way to success. 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句內(nèi)容可知,作者過去有時(shí)不能夠達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)是因?yàn)樗ε率?根本沒有去嘗試。 答案:C,,,A,B,2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A.Swallow more than you can digest. B.Act slightly above your abilities. C.Develop more mysterious powers. D.Learn to make creative decisions. 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文的“.even physical strength greater than most of us realize”可推斷,此處表示我們能夠做到一些稍微超出我們能力范圍的事情。 答案:B,,,A,B,3.What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game? A.His physical strength. B.His basic skill. C.His real fear. D.His spiritual force. 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.”可推斷出,蒂姆在足球比賽中成功地防守,主要是因?yàn)樗木窳α堪l(fā)揮了作用。 答案:D,,,A,B,4.What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B.Trying without success is meaningless. C.Repeated failure creates a better life. D.Boldness can be gained little by little. 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段前三句可以推斷出,自信和勇敢不可能一蹴而就,但可以逐漸培養(yǎng)起來。 答案:D,,,A,B,5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A.To encourage people to be courageous. B.To advise people to build up physical power. C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D.To recommend people to develop more abilities. 解析:寫作意圖題。文章第一段最后一句就點(diǎn)明了作者的寫作目的,作者通過自身經(jīng)歷鼓勵(lì)人們越來越勇敢和自信,從而發(fā)揮自己的最大潛能。 答案:A,,,A,B,B (2015湖北卷,B篇) What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles.Loe and her family grow,can(裝罐) and preserve much of the food they consume. Loe is a master food preserver,gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website,where she shares her tips and recipes,with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate. Loe initially went to school to become an engineer,but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said.Engineer by day,Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.,A,B,“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony(陽臺(tái))?Plant some herbs.A window?Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs,she recommends,because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,”she added.“I think it’s a great place to start.”Then?Try growing something from a seed,she said,like a tomato or some tea. Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food,Loe noted,there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food,knowing where it comes from.”,A,B,In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating,another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children:“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,”she said,“that if we don’t take care of the earth,no one will.” 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文。Theresa Loe通過創(chuàng)辦網(wǎng)站教會(huì)城市,更多的人充分利用居住環(huán)境自己開辟農(nóng)場,種植果蔬,過上自給自足的快樂生活。,A,B,6.The underlined word“prerequisite”(Para.1)is closest in meaning to “ ”. A.recipe B.substitute C.requirement D.challenge 解析:詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.”以及后文可知,Loe并沒有擁有一個(gè)大農(nóng)場也能吃上新鮮的果蔬,過上現(xiàn)代的自給自足的生活。因此可知,prerequisite是“前提,必備條件”的意思。 答案:C,,,A,B,7.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs? A.They are used daily. B.They are easy to grow. C.They can grow very tall. D.They can be eaten uncooked. 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“they’re very forgiving.”可以得知,herbs很“寬容”,在此表示比較容易種植,對種植要求不高。故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B,,,A,B,8.According to Loe,what is the benefit of canning her planted foods? A.It can preserve their best flavor. B.It can promote her online sales. C.It can better her cooking skills. D.It can improve their nutrition. 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句中的“.there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.”可知,將食物罐藏會(huì)保存它們的最佳味道。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A,,,A,B,9.What is the “the bigger picture”(Para.6) that Loe wishes her children to understand? A.The knowledge about good food. B.The way to live a grow-our-own life. C.The joy of getting in touch with foods. D.The responsibility to protect our earth. 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“.if we don’t take care of the earth,no one will.”可知,此處指的應(yīng)是保護(hù)好地球,故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D,,,