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主謂一致,知識梳理,復(fù)習(xí)重點 1. 主謂一致主要遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。 2. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動詞-ing形式作主語時的主謂一致。 基礎(chǔ)知識 一、主謂一致的原則 主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。一般遵循下列原則：,1. 語法一致原則：主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. 意義一致原則：謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語的意義。有時主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；有時主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語根據(jù)意義應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 3. 就近一致原則：謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。,二、主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用 1. 名詞作主語 ★ 集合名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強調(diào)個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。有些集合名詞如cattle, people, police等，通?？醋鲝?fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The team is the best in the league.,★單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來決定謂語形式，常見的這類名詞有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工廠）等。如： There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats. ★表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，如：學(xué)科（maths，physics等）、機構(gòu)、書名、劇名等作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如： Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily.,★ 表示成雙成對的名詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這類名詞有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如： A pair of trousers is on the bed. ★當(dāng)名詞短語中心詞為表示距離、金額、時間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.,★“the +形容詞或過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。如：The unemployed lead a miserable life. ★如果主語由more than one . 或many a . 構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式；在“more than +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Many a playwright is satisfied with the play. More than one person has been concerned in this.,2. 代詞作主語 ★由代詞each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代詞something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主語時，謂語動詞均用單數(shù)。如： Each book was in its proper place. ★關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中的先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：,He is one of the students who were late this morning. He is the only one of the students who was late this morning. ★ all, most, none, some等作主語時，其謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內(nèi)容來定。如： Most of his spare time was spent in reading. All of my classmates work hard.,3. 由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語 ★用and或both . and . 連接并列主語，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但由and連接的并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的可數(shù)名詞不帶冠詞。如： Both the secretary and the manager have agreed to be present. Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.,★當(dāng)主語后跟有說明主語的修飾語，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to與修飾語連接時，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語保持一致。如： The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner. ★ 由or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞要與鄰近的主語相一致。如： Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.,4. 數(shù)詞作主語 “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。如： Only one third of the work was done yesterday. Thirds fourth of the students come to school on time.,5. 從句及非謂語動詞作主語 ★名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果是兩個或兩個以上的從句由and連接表示兩個概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，what從句作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來決定。如： Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.,What you want is a big bag. You need not get any more stamps. What we have are quite sufficient. ★動詞-ing形式短語或動詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如： Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit. 常見考點 高考試題對主謂一致的考查重點是：名詞作主語時的謂語動詞形式；分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動詞-ing形式作主語時的主謂一致。,從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入 空白處的最佳選項。 1. All we need _____ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. were,C,2. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _____ around $8,450 a year, which _____ a burden for some of them. A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is,A,3. The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 4. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others _____ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were,B,A,5. Among the crises that face humans _____ the lack of natural resources. A. is B. are C. is there D. are there,A,鞏固練習(xí),用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。 1. So far David’s the only one of us who ________ (go) abroad. 2. Such singers as Liu Huan ________ (be) widely popular, of whose songs, however, some ________(be) difficult to sing. 3. Many a famous pop star _________________________ (perform) in the concert tonight, so I’m looking forward to it very much.,has gone,are,are,is performing / will perform,4. —Is everyone here? —Not yet . Look, there ________ (come) the rest of our colleagues! 5. The chief editor together with his editors ________ (be) discussing the new law about newspapers that ________ (be) newly published last month. 6. The manager and designer ________ (be) to give some suggestions for the design of the new building in a while.,come,is,was,is,7. I, who ________ (be) your deskmate now, hope we can help each other with our studies. 8. When to have the next meeting and whether to invite the director still ________ (remain) a mystery to us. 9. Nobody but doctors or nurses and those who ________ (be) invited by Doctor Liu ________ (be) allowed to enter the patient’s room.,am,remain(s),are,is,10. To our disappointment, every possible means ____________ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.,has been used,