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一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,一、完全倒裝的具體應(yīng)用 1.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方位和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away等位于句首,且句子謂語是go,come,run等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),可將謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前構(gòu)成完全倒裝。但主語是人稱代詞時(shí),不倒裝。 There comes the bus. Here he comes. 2.當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語時(shí),也常常用全部倒裝。 South of the city lies a factory. 3.such作表語置于句首時(shí)。 Such would be our home in the future.,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,4.表語置于句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動(dòng)詞+主語”。 (1)形容詞+連系動(dòng)詞+主語 Present at the meeting were some experts. (2)過去分詞+連系動(dòng)詞+主語 Gone are the days when they walked to work. (3)介詞短語+be+主語 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys.,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,二、部分倒裝的具體應(yīng)用 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意義的副詞以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等否定意義的詞組開頭時(shí),要用部分倒裝語序。 Never will he come back to the factory. In no case will he give it up. 2.當(dāng)句子用so,nor,neither開頭,說明前面一句話中的情況也適用于另外一些人或物時(shí),主語和謂語部分倒裝,其常見句型是:so/neither/nor+be (have/do等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語。 Tom likes English,and so do I.,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,3.在so/such.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào),把so/such提到句首時(shí),主謂要倒裝。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 4.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)句子要用倒裝語序,即要將從句中的表語、狀語或從句中的動(dòng)詞提到as/though的前面。在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,作表語的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前不用任何冠詞。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 5.在省略if的虛擬條件句中,were,had或should要提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝。 Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,6.當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時(shí),采用部分倒裝形式。要注意“only+主語”放句首時(shí)不倒裝。 Only in this way can you learn English well. Only you can help me. 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed! 8.neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí),這兩個(gè)分句都要用倒裝形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不指人時(shí),切不可因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式等狀語而用when,where,why或how,此時(shí)要用that。如: It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回來后才知道所發(fā)生的情況。,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語一致,即人稱和數(shù)要一致。如: It is my mother who cooks every day. 每天煮飯的是我媽媽。 It is he who is wrong.是他錯(cuò)了。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,2.強(qiáng)調(diào)not until結(jié)構(gòu) It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. 直到母親把一切都告訴他,杰克才明白母親為什么生他的氣。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句 (1)一般疑問句:Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分? Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died? 他是在抗日戰(zhàn)爭期間去世的嗎? (2)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)+is/was it+that/who+句子其他成分? Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? 為什么這兒不允許吸煙?,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,四、not,so,neither,nor的替代性省略 動(dòng)詞believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’m afraid后面可用替代詞so或not來避免重復(fù)前面提到的內(nèi)容。表示肯定意義時(shí),以上動(dòng)詞都可與so搭配;但表示否定意義時(shí),hope與guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式,而think,believe,suppose等詞可有兩種形式,即:I think not和I don’t think so。如: —Do they mind you smoking there? ——你在那兒抽煙,他們介意嗎? —I don’t think so/I think not.——我想不會。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,五、反意疑問句 反意疑問句由兩部分構(gòu)成,即:陳述部分+疑問部分。陳述部分是肯定句時(shí),疑問部分用否定形式,否定形式必須縮寫;陳述部分是否定句時(shí),疑問部分用肯定形式,即“前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定”。疑問部分的主語必須用代詞。陳述部分和后面的疑問部分的主語以及謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)通常要保持一致。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,六、祈使句 祈使句常用來表達(dá)命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告、勸告等。 1.祈使句的肯定式、否定式和強(qiáng)調(diào)式 祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t,也可用副詞never構(gòu)成。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式可以在句首加do。 Pass the book to me. 把那本書遞給我。 Don’t talk about it again.不要再談?wù)撨@件事了。 Do come tomorrow.明天一定要來啊。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,2.含有主語的祈使句 有時(shí)為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)、對比或表達(dá)說話者的憤怒、生氣等感情時(shí),祈使句前面可以加主語(you),有時(shí)還同時(shí)加稱呼語。 You clean the blackboard.你去擦黑板。 Jack,you go with me.杰克,你和我一起去。 3.“祈使句/名詞詞組+and/or (else)+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 祈使句(或名詞詞組)是后面陳述句的條件,陳述句多使用一般將來時(shí)。如果前后兩個(gè)句子之間是順承關(guān)系,用連詞and;如果是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,用連詞or。 Study hard and you will succeed. 努力學(xué)習(xí),你將取得成功。 Start out right away,or you’ll miss the first train. 立刻出發(fā),否則的話,你將要錯(cuò)過早班車。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,七、感嘆句 感嘆句常用來表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語氣。 1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 What+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語! What+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! What a simple question you asked! 你問了一個(gè)多么簡單的問題啊! What lovely children they are! 他們是多么可愛的孩子啊! What great progress he made! 他取得了多么大的進(jìn)步啊!,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,2.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 How+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語! How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語! How+主語+謂語! How interesting a story it is!=What an interesting story it is! 這是多么有趣的一個(gè)故事啊! How cold it is today!今天好冷啊! How time flies!時(shí)間過得真快啊!,在口語或非正式文體中,感嘆句中的主語和謂語可以省略。 What a pity!多可惜啊! How nice!多美啊!,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,八、there be句型的變化 1.there be句式中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài),可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 從那時(shí)以來我們國家有很大變化。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 某個(gè)地方一定存在錯(cuò)誤。 2.there be句式中的be有時(shí)可以用seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be等代替。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一個(gè)人路過。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. 關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目似乎有一個(gè)通知。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,3.there be句式中的be可以用remain,live,stand,lie,exist等不及物動(dòng)詞替代。 There lies a dog in the yard.院子里躺著一條狗。 There stands a temple on the hill.山上有座廟。 4.there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語形式 there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語形式有兩種基本形式:there being 和there to be。 There being no further business,I declared the meeting closed. 沒有更多的事情,我宣布會議結(jié)束。 I can’t imagine there being such a quiet place here. 我很難想象在這兒有如此安靜的一個(gè)地方。 The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. 學(xué)生們希望在期末考試前有更多的復(fù)習(xí)課。,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,5.there be結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問句 there be結(jié)構(gòu)用在反意疑問句中時(shí),其反意疑問部分還要用there,而不用句中的主語,結(jié)構(gòu)為“be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(+not)+there”。 There are many remarks on the film,aren’t there? 對這部電影有許多評論,是嗎? There seems to be no sign that it’ll be fine,does there? 天氣沒有好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象,是嗎? 6.there be結(jié)構(gòu)的固定句型 There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事沒有意義。 There is no doubt about./that.毫無疑問…… There is no need for sth./to do sth.某事沒有必要/沒有必要做某事。 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)……事情(沒)有困難/麻煩。 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that.(做)……事情(沒)有可能性。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練) 1.Not only the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 2. (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. 3.It was the culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 4.Only when you can find peace in your heart (you keep) good relationships with others. 5. (make) what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it.,do,Call,that,will you keep,Make,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,6.It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. 7.No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 8.Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry? 9.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 10.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?,that,had,that,and,didn’t,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.So loudly he spoke that even people in the next room could hear him. 2.Only when he returned home he realized what had happened. 3.Try although he might,he couldn’t open the door. 4.It was 9 o’clock that he came back last night. 5.Following the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.,答案: he spoke→did he speak,答案:he realized→did he realize,答案:although→though/as,答案:that→when/在was后加at,答案:Following→Follow,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,6.How fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 7.You must have read about Mark Twain long ago,mustn’t you? 8.—Do you know when it was that they got to know each other? —It was last year that they both taught Chinese in Scotland. 9.I don’t think David could have done such a stupid thing last night,didn’t he? 10.Wow,you are in high spirits.What is it makes you so happy?,答案:How→What,答案:mustn’t→didn’t,答案:last year后的that→when,答案:didn’t→did,答案:it后加that,