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第一課 Lesson One,漢語拼音 和 日常用語 Chinese Pīnyīn & Daily Expressions,目錄,Chinese Pinyin Introduction,Syllable = Initial Consonant + Vowel +Tone,mā = m + a + ˉ,,Initial Consonant：21 Vowel：38 Tone：4,1,,n ǐ hǎo 你 好,hanzi,pinyin,n ǐ,shengmu,yunmu,shengdiao,漢語拼音 Chinese Pīnyīn,Function:Just like the phonetic alphabets in English, Pīnyīn helps us to read Chinese words. Formation: Initials 聲母 shēng mǔ Finals 韻母 yn mǔ Tones 聲調 shēng dio e.g. 你 (you) n-i-ˇ nǐ 好 (good,fine) h-ao-ˇ hǎo,聲調 shēng dio,The Chinese putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone-marks:ˉ(the 1st tone),ˊ(the 2nd tone),ˇ(the 3rd tone),ˋ(the 4th tone). Different tones may express different meanings.,聲調 shēng dio,bā b bǎ b,,聲調 shēng dio,mā m mǎ m,,聲調 shēng dio,1. The tone-mark should be placed over the vowels,eg: nǐ, gē,b 2. When a tone-mark is placed above the vowel i, the dot over it must be left out,eg: bǐ,wn jin ji 3. A compound final carries two or more vowels, the tone-mark is placed over the vowel which pronounced with the mouth opening wider and louder,usually a,o,e,eg: li, pio, dōu,聲調 shēng dio,輕聲（the Neutral Tone) Every Chinese character in Chinese Putonghua has its specific tone.But sometimes,in a word or a sentence some syllables lose their original tones and become weak and short, therefore it is called the neutral tone.The neutral tone syllables are shown by the absence of the tone-mark, for example: Bba 爸爸（father,dad) māma 媽媽（mother, mum),聲母 shēng mǔ Consonants, 21,When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced roughly the same as they are in English. b p m f d t n l g k h j s,聲母 shēng mǔ Consonants, 21,When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced quite differently from what they are in English. q x z c zh ch sh r,聲母 shēng mǔ,b bō lu 菠蘿 (pineapple) b ba 爸爸 (dad) b 不 (no) (similar with b in Brother but no buff of breath),聲母 shēng mǔ,P pǎo b 跑步 （running,run) (similar to p in port pie But should be more articulated with more aspiration),,聲母 shēng mǔ,m mā mā 媽媽 （mum) mǎi 買 （buy) （same as m in man mug),聲母 shēng mǔ,f chī fn 吃飯 （eating) fēng 風 （wind) (same with f in from far ),聲母 shēng mǔ,d d 大 （big, huge） ddi 弟弟 （younger brother) (similar with d in dog dust but no puff of breath ),聲母 shēng mǔ,t ti yng 太陽（sun) t bi 特別（ very much) (similar to t in term tide top But should be more articulated with more aspiration),,聲母 shēng mǔ,n nn rn 男人 （male,man) n 拿 （take,pick,hold) （similar as n in no nation),聲母 shēng mǔ,l lng 龍 （dragon) kui l 快樂（happy) （same as l in letter learn ),聲母 shēng mǔ,g gē ge 哥哥 （older brother) gāo 高 （tall, high) (Similar with g in grill good but no puff of breath),聲母 shēng mǔ,k Kě kě yǐ 渴 （thirsty) 可 以 (can) shng k 上 課 ( have class) kǎo sh 考試（exam) (similar to k in key But should be more articulated with more aspiration),聲母 shēng mǔ,h hē shuǐ (drink water) h 河 （river) hǎi hěn 海 （sea) 很 （too much) (h sounds like “h” in the English word“her” heart , but it must be added more friction of the breath than it is in English.),聲母 shēng mǔ,j jī 雞 （chicken) jiā 家（ home) (j in Jeep ),聲母 shēng mǔ,q qī 七 （seven) qin 錢（money) qī zi (wife) ( ch in cheese ),聲母 shēng mǔ,x xī 西（the west) xǐ huān 喜歡（like) xu x 學 習 (study) (sh in sheep ),聲母 shēng mǔ,z z 字（characters) zu 坐（sit) (similar with ds in friends z in zero ),聲母 shēng mǔ,c ci 菜 （vegetable, dishes) cāi 猜（guess) (similar with the ts in bits students ),聲母 shēng mǔ,s s 四 （four) sī nin 思念 （miss someone) (similar to s in student),聲母 shēng mǔ,zh zh 這（this) zhn 站 （stand) zhī do (know) ( similar with dge in judge ),聲母 shēng mǔ,ch chī 吃（eat） chng 長（long) (similar to ch in church,but must have srong puff of breath),聲母 shēng mǔ,sh lǎo shī 老師（teacher) sh 十 (ten) (similar to sh in shirt),聲母 shēng mǔ,r rn 人 （human,people) r 熱 （hot) (similar to r in run),聲母 shēng mǔ Test: listen and choose the Initials you hear.,b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s,a o e i u ,dān yn mǔ 單 韻 母：,a,a in Father ā y 阿 姨 b bɑ 爸 爸 mā mɑ 媽 媽,o,Aw Wǒ 我 f 佛,e,Uh kui l le kě 餓 快 樂 了 可,i,E see bee nǐ mǐ fn 4 你 米 飯,u,oo in Loop book b xnɡ b zhī do 不 行 不 知 道,,(First, try to pronounce “i“, and then your tongue stays here, gradually purse your lips. Try it yourself) y xi yǔ lǜ s 魚 下 雨 綠 色,韻母 yn mǔ 39, vowels,or vowel+n/ng,Single finals a ā ǎ o ō ǒ e ē ě i ī ǐ u ū ǔ ǖ ǘ ǚ ǜ,f yn mǔ 復 韻 母（componund finals）,ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo e,ai,ai (as in “high“) wǒ i nǐ kě i 我 愛 你 可 愛 zi bi 在 白 zi jin 再 見,ei,(like a long “a“ or the “ei“ in “eight“) li hēi 累 黑,ao,-ao (as in “how“ or “out“) hǎo māo shǎo lǎo ɡāo zǎo shɑnɡ hǎo 好 貓 少 老 高 早 上 好,ou,(like the “ow“ in “l(fā)ow“ or “boat“) dōu ɡǒu kǒu shǒu zǒu 都 狗 口 手 走,ia,ia ( like ya in “yard“) jiā 家,ie,-ie (like ye in “yes“) bi ji r xi xi 別 節(jié) 日 謝 謝,ua,-ua (u followed by a) kuā huā zhuā shuā 夸 花 抓 刷,uo,-uo (as in “war“) c suǒ duō shǎo ɡu jiā 廁 所 多 少 國 家,e,xu x xu shenɡ xu xio d xu yuē hu 學 習 學 生 學 校 大 學 約 會,sān chng yn mǔ 三 重 韻 母（ finals consisting of 3 single finals）,uai uei(ui) iao iou(iu),uai,-uai (like wi in “wild“) shui hui shuāi 帥 壞 衰,Uei (ui),-ui (similar to “way“) du b du ɡu hu b hu shuǐ shu 對 不 對 貴 會 不 會 水 誰,iao,-iao (like yow in “yowl“) jio jiǎo biǎo niǎo lio tiān xiǎo 叫 腳 表 鳥 聊 天 小,iou(iu),-iu (like yo in “yoga“) diū ni li 丟 牛 六,b yn mǔ 鼻 韻 母（nasal finals）,,qin b yn mǔ 前 鼻 韻 母 (front nasal finals),an en in ian uen(un) uan an,an,-an (like the sounds of “John“ or “angry“) mn chī fn hn yǔ hěn nn 慢 吃 飯 漢 語 很 難,en,-en (like “en“ in “open“) rn zhōnɡ ɡu rn ti ɡu rn 人 中 國 人 泰 國 人 zěn me ynɡ zhēn zhēn de mɑ 怎 么 樣 真 真的嗎,in,-in (as in “bin“) nn jīn tiān xīn 您 今 天 新,ian,-ian (similar to “yen“) qin duō shǎo qin min tio fn din 錢 多 少 錢 面 條 飯 店,uan,-uan (u followed by an) lun duǎn ɡuān mn 亂 短 關 門,uen(un),As when yn kūn mnɡ chūn tiān 云 昆 明 春 天,an n,-uan un( followed by an n, only with initials j,q,x) yuǎn qun xuǎn z 遠 勸 選 擇,hu b yīn yn mǔ 后 鼻 音 韻 母(back nasal finals),ang eng ing ong iang ueng iong uang,ang,(like the sound of “under“ or “rang ) pnɡ mnɡ zhānɡ shnɡ k rnɡ zānɡ 胖 忙 張 上 課 讓 臟,eng,-eng (like the “ung“ in “l(fā)ung“) fēnɡ nnɡ xu shenɡ 風 能 學 生,ing,-ing (like “sing“) mnɡ zi tīnɡ 名 字 聽 nǐ jio shn me mnɡ zi ？ 你 叫 什 么 名 字 ？,ong,ong (like the “ung“ in “l(fā)ung“ with a slight “oo“ sound) ynɡ dōnɡ ɡōnɡ zu zhōnɡ ɡu 用 東 工 作 中 國,iang,(-i followed by ang),uang,-uang (like wang in “twang“),ueng,u after with eng,iong,(i merged with ong),t shū yun yīn yn mǔ 特殊 元 音 韻 母( special finals）,er 兒 er can not be combined with any other yunmu( finals） ，it can only be the finals by itself. It is commonly used in northern dialect. There are many words in the northern dialect pronunciation of vowels occur due to the volume of tongue action sound change, and this phenomenon is called er hua.,er,er in herd,-i (in zi ci si) -i（in zhi chi shi),,Simple Vowels,a jar o log e bird er,2,i east u moon ,,,a o e,i u ,3、Initial Consonants,b(+o) brother bō b b p(+o) pie p p p m(+o) mug mā m mǐ f(+o) far f f fǎ,d(+e) dust d d d t(+e) tide tā t t n(+e) nation n nǐ n l(+e) learn lā l lǜ,,g(+e) grill gē gū g k(+e) key kě kǎ kū h(+e) heart h hǔ hā,,j(+i) jī jū q(+i) qī q x(+i) xī xū,,,z(+-i) zero z z z c(+-i) students cā c cū s(+-i) students s sā s,,zh(+-i) zhǐ zh zhū ch(+-i) chī ch chē sh(+-i) sh shā shū r(+-i) r r r,,,, mā bā lū ? m b l ? mǎ bǎ lǔ \ m b l,Mark tones rules,(1)a?o?e?i?u? bā bāo bi xi p pōu d ni xi (2)iu,ui li ni ; du tuǐ,,(3) j,q,x j jū q q x xǔ nǚ lǜ,,,,,5、Other Vowels,ai i mǎi ci ei bēi hēi fēi ao ǎo lǎo bāo ou ōu dōu tu,,,,,ia yā xi jiā ie y li bi,,,,韻母 yn mǔ,i 1. When i stands by itself as a syllable, it should be written as yi. 2. i should be written as y when it is placed at the beginning of a final standing by itself as a syllable, or y is added before i,eg: ia-ya ie-ye iou-you iang-yang,韻母 yn mǔ,u 1. When u stands by itself as a syllable, it should be written as wu. 2. When u combines with other finals to form syllables, it should be written as W,eg: ua-wa uo-wo uei-wei uan-wan i,The Separation Letters,,,,ua wā huā guā uo wō huǒ gu e yu n l,,,,,iao yo xiǎo qio iou yu li ni (iu) uai wāi hui shui uei wi shu zhuī (ui),,,,,,an n bān ln en n rn shn in yn xīn jn n yn,,,,,,,ian yān liǎn xin uan wǎn lun zuǎn an yun uen wn xn zhǔn (un),,,,,,ang ng mng zhāng eng dēng lěng cng ing yīng mng tǐng ong zhōng hng tng,,,,,,iang yng ling ning uang wǎng hung zhuāng iong yǒng jiǒng xing ueng wēng,,,,,,m bā p,d nǐ lǘ,fn hěn hǎo chī.,wǒ fēi chng shui.,,xi xi du b qǐ,,gēn wǒ d.,zi shuō yī bin .,zu lin x .,,wǒ men y qǐ,xu hn yǔ .,jiā yu !,日常用語 Daily Expressions,1.zǎo shang hǎo！ xi wǔ hǎo wǎn shang hǎo,日常用語(一）Daily Expressions,2.du bu qǐ mi guān x,日常用語 Daily Expressions,3.nǐ hǎo,日常用語(一）Daily Expressions,4.xi xie zi jin,日常用語 Daily Expressions,5.wǒ nǐ tā wǒ men nǐ men tā men,日常用語 Daily Expressions,lǎo sh ī xu sheng shng k xi k,,,tīng (listen) shuō (speak) d (read) xiě (write) y xi děng (wait) gēn wǒ d (read after me),