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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ) Unit18《New Zealand》備課資料 舊人教版第一冊(cè) 一、異域風(fēng)情 1.Way of Life New Zealand is an independent nation and a member of the British monwealth(英聯(lián)邦).The majority of New Zealanders are of British descent,and the largest minority is New Zealands indigenous Maori who make up around 14 percent of the population. New Zealand lives in burgalows(帶走廊的平房),singlestory,single-unit dwellings(住處)on small lots(地).Highrise residential(住宅的)development is a recent phenomenon confined(局限于)mainly to Auckland and Wellington.Most New Zealand families have a vegetable and fruit garden on their lot where they grow some of their food.It is mon for families to have animals as pets,especially cats and dogs. New Zealanders are keen sport participants and followers,Primary winter sports are rugby,soccer,hocky,netball(avariant of basketball,played by women),skating,skiing,and mountain climbing.The most popular summer sports are cricket(板球),tennis,swimming and sailing. 2.New Zealand—Land of the White Cloud With its primeval forests,mighty snowcapped peaks,gigantic jords and grumbling volcanoes,its no wonder the makers of The Lord Of The Rings films decided to shoot the trilogy in New Zealand.Rugged ranger-types can relive .The Fellowship Of The Rings by scaling forbidding mountain passes or crossing volcanic moonscapes towards the cracks of doom.For more adrenaline highs theres an unbeatable choice of good value activities,form white water rafting and jet boat rides to bungee-jumping and skydiving. For more homely Hobbit types,NZ has many other attractions to enjoy—rambling countryside,a glorious coastline and plenty of sedate places to sit and enjoy the amazing views.And then theres the terrific cuisine and wine.With two weeks or more,a good way to see the country is to start in Auckland on the North Island,then drive to Wellington,crossing by ferry to the South Island.Take in the breathtaking scenery around Queenstown before flying home from Christchurch.Theres too much to see beyond Auckland to justify spending too much time in the city,so head south to Waitomo.Hiding beneath this hilly area are the haunting Waitomo Glowworm Caves.Drift in silence in the dark on the subterranean lake and gaze up at the spectacular living lightshow.Adventure pany Waitomo Luminosa leads groups through the underground rivers riding dark rapids on inner tyres. 二、知識(shí)歸納 (一)settle的用法 1.作及物/不及物動(dòng)詞，“前往居住(與in連用)”(go to and live in);“定居、安家(與in,at等連用)”(make ones home in/at…)。 e.g.They have decided to settle in America. 他們已決定在美國(guó)定居。 Tom settled his family in the countryside. 湯姆讓家屬定居于農(nóng)村。 2.作不及物動(dòng)詞，“停留(與on連用)”(e to rest on);“暫時(shí)棲息(與on連用)”(stay for some time on)。 e.g.The bird settled on a branch. 鳥(niǎo)棲息于樹(shù)枝上。 Dust settled on the desk. 灰塵落在了課桌上。 Her eyes settled on the baby. 她的目光停留在了嬰兒身上。 A heavy fog settled over the airport. 大霧籠罩著飛機(jī)場(chǎng)。 3.作及物動(dòng)詞，“了結(jié)”(make an agreement about);“決定”(decide);“解決”(solve);“安排”(arrange);“料理”(deal with)。 e.g.That settles the matter. 事件就這樣解決了。 They settled the date for the next meeting. 他們確定了下次開(kāi)會(huì)的日期。 The problem was settled to his satisfaction. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題解決得使他感到滿(mǎn)意。 Weve settled that well go to England,but we havent settled how to get there. 我們已決定了去英國(guó)，但沒(méi)有決定怎樣去那兒。 I must settle all my affairs before leaving for Shanghai. 我在去上海之前一定要把事情料理妥當(dāng)。 He settled his father in a corner of the waiting room. 他把父親安頓在候車(chē)室的一個(gè)角落里。 (二)population的用法 1.population：“人口”，是個(gè)集合名詞(collective noun)。 population作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)其強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，表示某地整體人口是多少時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)(也就是說(shuō)單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù))。但如果population強(qiáng)調(diào)具體成員時(shí)，表示某地的部分人口時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)(也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)其被分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾，且在句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù))。 e.g.The population of this city is nearly 300 000. 這個(gè)城市的人口將近三十萬(wàn)。 The population of the world is growing rapidly. 世界人口在迅速增長(zhǎng)。 At present,38% of the Chinese population smoke. 目前，百分之三十八的中國(guó)人吸煙。 80% of the population in China are farmers. 中國(guó)百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。 2.當(dāng)問(wèn)到“某地有多少人口”時(shí)，常用what/how large,而不用how many。 e.g.Whats the population of this country? 這個(gè)國(guó)家有多少人口？ How large is the population of this city? 這個(gè)城市有多少人口？ 3.當(dāng)提到“有……人口”時(shí)，往往常用has a population of…或with a population of…。 e.g.China is a larger country with a population of more than 1.3 billion. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)具有十三多億人口的大國(guó)。 The country has a population of more than 0.5 billion. 這個(gè)國(guó)家有五億多人口。 4.當(dāng)提到“某地人口比……多(少)”時(shí)，我們常用larger/smaller than…而不用more/less than…。 e.g.The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 我國(guó)的人口比日本的人口多。 The population of this city is smaller than that of that city. 這座城市的人口比那座城市的少。 5.常見(jiàn)的一些表達(dá)方式： population explosion(人口爆炸) population boom(人口驟增) a fall/rise in population(人口的減少/增加) control population(控制人口) reach a population of…(達(dá)到……的人口) (三)direction direction作名詞有多種意義：“方向、說(shuō)明、指示(多用復(fù)數(shù))，指導(dǎo)、指揮、導(dǎo)演”，常構(gòu)成許多短語(yǔ)。 e.g.in the direction朝……方向 in the opposite/same direction朝相反/相同的方向 in all directions朝四面八方 follow ones directions(instructions)遵照某人的指示 using directions使用說(shuō)明 under the direction of在……的指導(dǎo)下 e.g.The car was running in the direction of the airport. 小車(chē)向機(jī)場(chǎng)方向駛?cè)ァ? The birds flew in all directions. 鳥(niǎo)兒四下飛去了。 Read the directions carefully before using the equipment. 使用設(shè)備前一定要仔細(xì)閱讀說(shuō)明。 We did the experiment under the direction of our teacher. 在老師的指導(dǎo)下我們做了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。 三、詞語(yǔ)辨析 (一)be made of,be made from,be made in,be made into,be made out of,be made by,be made up of 1.be made of“用……制成”，指某種成品是用什么原料制成的，而且能從成品表面看出原料。 e.g.The desks are made of wood. 課桌是由木頭做的。 The wine bottle is made of glass. 這酒瓶是用玻璃做的。 2.be made from“由……制成”，也指某種成品是用什么原料制成的，但是從成品表面看不出原料。 e.g.Gas is made from coal. 煤氣是由煤制成的。 The soil is made from the dead leaves above. 土壤是由上面的落葉腐爛而成的。 3.be made in“由某地制造”，“產(chǎn)于某地”，指某產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)于某地，in后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。 e.g.The radio is made in Guangzhou. 這臺(tái)收音機(jī)是廣州產(chǎn)的。 The pen is made in Shanghai. 這鋼筆是上海產(chǎn)的。 4.be made into“被制成……”，指用某種原料制成某種產(chǎn)品。 e.g.Glass can be made into bottles. 玻璃能被制成瓶子。 Graps can be made into wine. 葡萄可以釀酒。 5.be made out of“用……制造出……”，指產(chǎn)品來(lái)自于某原料，在口語(yǔ)中，可以代替be made of/from。 e.g.The cloth is made (out) of silk. 這布是絲綢做的。 The wine was made out of/from rice. 這酒是由米釀成的。 6.be made by“被……制造”是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，by后接動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。 e.g.The shoes were made by my mother. 這雙鞋是我媽媽做的。 The tool was made by workers. 這件工具是工人制造的。 7.be made up of“由……組成”，表示某一整體是由若干部分組成。其主動(dòng)形式make up意為“組成。” e.g.The medical team was made up of ten doctors and five nurses. 那支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由十個(gè)醫(yī)生和五個(gè)護(hù)士組成。 Our grade is made up of eight classes. 我們年級(jí)由八個(gè)班組成。 (二)be related to,relate to,have something to do with以上都作“與……有關(guān)系”講，屬同義詞組?？谡Z(yǔ)中常用have something to do with。 e.g.Light industry is closely related to the peoples life. 輕工業(yè)與人民生活有密切聯(lián)系。 I cant relate what he does to what he says. 我看他所做的和所說(shuō)的完全是兩回事。 Perhaps he has nothing to do with this case. 也許他與該案沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。 (三)take/have possession of,in(the)possession of 1.take possession of意為“奪??；占領(lǐng)”。 e.g.The policeman took possession of the thiefs bag. 警察奪過(guò)了小偷的包。 2.have possession of意為“占有；擁有”。 e.g.Hes had possession of the house for 10 years. 他已經(jīng)擁有那房子10年了。 3.in possession of sth.意為“占有某物”，而in the possession of sb./in sbs possession則意為“為某人所占有”。二者意義完全不同，不可混淆。 試比較： The widow is in possession of a large fortune. 那個(gè)寡婦擁有大筆財(cái)產(chǎn)。 The land is in the possession of the merchant. 這塊地為該商人所有。 (四)take place,take ones place,take the place of 1.take place意為“發(fā)生”，“舉行”，相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)不能是人。 e.g.Great changes have taken place in our country since 1980. 自從1980年以來(lái)，我們國(guó)家發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 They decided that the ceremony should take place on Thursday. 他們決定儀式在星期四舉行。 2.take ones place意為“入座、就位”“坐某人的座位”、“代替某人的職位”。 e.g.Take your place,please.We are about to start. 請(qǐng)坐好，我們馬上就出發(fā)了。 Mr.Green is ill.Who will take his place to give us lessons? 格林先生病了，誰(shuí)來(lái)替他給我們上課呢？ They took their place(=took their seats)at the small round table. 他們?cè)谀切A桌旁坐下。 3.take the place of sb./sth.意為“代替或取代某人/物”。 e.g.Now puters have taken the place of typewriters in the office. 如今，辦公室里電腦已取代了打字機(jī)。 His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight. 他的觸覺(jué)逐漸代替了視覺(jué)。 No one can take the place of your manager. 沒(méi)有人能夠接替你們經(jīng)理的工作。 (=No one can take your managers place.) 四、能力訓(xùn)練 (一)單句改錯(cuò) 1.Please pare this sentence to that one. 簡(jiǎn)析：把to改為with。pare…to…是“把……比作……”的意思，而pare…with…是“把……同……相比較”。本句題意是“請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句子同那個(gè)句子相比較。”故用pare…with…。 2.How much is the population of this city? 簡(jiǎn)析：How much改為what或How large。在英語(yǔ)中，對(duì)“人口”進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，應(yīng)用what或How large。 3.The majority of young people likes pop music. 簡(jiǎn)析：likes改為like。the majority(of…)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。 4.China is about the same size that America. 簡(jiǎn)析：that應(yīng)改為as。the same…as是“同……相同”的意思。根據(jù)題意“中國(guó)與美國(guó)的面積大約相同”。故應(yīng)用as。 5.The island lies on the northwest coast of Alaska. 簡(jiǎn)析：將on改為off。在談?wù)撐恢脮r(shí)，on強(qiáng)調(diào)接壤，off則是“在離……不遠(yuǎn)處”的意思。根據(jù)題意是指“在離阿拉斯加西北海岸不遠(yuǎn)處”的意思，故應(yīng)用 off。 (二)翻譯填空 1.好習(xí)慣應(yīng)該早期養(yǎng)成。 Good habits should be formed__________ __________ __________ __________. 答案：at an early age 2.5歲以下的小孩僅占總?cè)丝诘?0%。 Children below 5 years old__________ __________ only 20 percent of the total population. 答案： make up 3.學(xué)校四周?chē)h笆。 The school__________ __________ __________a fence. 答案：is surrounded by/with 4.西藏位于中國(guó)的西部。 Tibet__________ __________the west of China. 答案：lies/is in 5.這本書(shū)很有用。 This book is__________ __________ __________. 答案：of great use 6.他的談話結(jié)束了。他該走了。 His talk was over and__________ __________ __________for him to be off. 答案：it was time