Teaching Pronunciation Teaching Pronunciation lIn the process of communication,pronunciation is of paramount importance,since successful communication cannot take place without correct pronunciation.(Celce-Murcia,Brinton&Goodwin,1996).Overview The Role of Pronunciation1 The Goal of Teaching Pronunciation2 Aspects of Pronunciation3Pronunciation Practice4Overview The Role of Pronuncia The Role of PronunciationStudents dont need to learn pronunciationFailure in pronunciation is a great obstacle in language learning.The Role of PronunciationStu1.Students need to be able to read International Phonetic Alphabets.2.Students need to be able to write International Phonetic Alphabets.3.Students need to know phonetics in order to learn English.4.Poor pronunciation may cause problems for the learning of other skills.5.Adult learners need to focus on pronunciation,but young learners dont.6.Both consistency and accuracy in pronunciation are very important.7.Stress and intonation are not important for beginning learners.8.Students should learn Received Pronunciation(RP).9.Stress in pronunciation is sometimes as important as grammar.10.Bad intonation can lead to serious misunderstandings.Factors that decide whether pronunciation needs special attention:learners native language;exposure to English;age etc.1.Students need to be able toTeaching pronunciationPhonetic rules should be avoided at the beginning stageStress and intonation should be taught from the very beginningDistinction between pronunciation and phoneticsTeaching pronunciationPhonetic The Goal of Teaching Pronunciation Work in groups and brainstorm any reasons why mostlearners of English as a foreign language cannotacquire native-like English pronunciation.When youare ready,join another group and compare your ideas.The Goal of Teaching PronuncSome factors:oAge:the Critical Period HypothesisoThe amount of exposure to EnglishoThe learners innate phonetic abilitySome factors:Age:the CriticaRealistic goals of teaching pronunciationoConsistencyoIntelligibilityoCommunicative efficiencyRealistic goals of teaching pr Aspects of PronunciationsoundsintonationrhythmPhoneticsymbolsstressPronunciationPronunciation Aspects of Pronunciationsoun Work in groups and brainstorm the common problems that Chinese students experience with English pronunciation.Then discuss the possible causes for these problems and possible solutions.英語教學(xué)法教程課件06Imagine that you want to focus on a sound that your students are having difficulty with.Which of the following steps are necessary?In what order would you teach and practice the sound?On the line tick the steps that you think are necessary.In the brackets,write the order numbers.Practising SoundsTask 4Imagine that you want to focuHelpful Hints for Focusing on a SoundlFocus only on those sounds which are causing difficulty to the students.The following steps may be helpful in teaching the difficult sounds:1)Say the sound alone,but this may be avoided wherever possible.2)Say the sound in a word.3)Contrast it with other sounds if necessary.4)Write words on the board only when it becomes necessary to make your point clearer.5)Explain how to make the sound when necessary.6)Have students repeat the sound in chorus.7)Have individual students repeat the sound.Helpful Hints for Focusing on Perception practiceMinimal pairsWhich orderpitpetbetbeartearearbeardbeerbear132312213Perception practiceMinimal paiSame or different?metmeetwellwellwellwillDSDOdd one outbitbitbitpit(No.4 is different.)lidledlidlid(No.2 is different.)bagbagbackbag(No.3 is different.)loadloudloadload(No.2 is different.)Completion_ate _ate _ate _ate _ate _ate _ate _ateSame or different?metmeetwellw Task 5lChoose a problematic English sound and design a perception practice activity.When you are ready,go into groups of 5 and try out your activity in turns.Notice how effective your activity proves to be.Task 5Choose a problematic EProduction practiceListen and repeat Fill in the blanks.a.Children love to play games.b.Black and white make gray.c.After April comes May.d.Hurry up.Dont be late for school.e.We study in the same class.We are classmates.Production practiceListen and Make up sentences Use meaningful contextMake up sentences Use meaningfUse pictures This is old Jack.He has a black cat.Its name is Pat.It is very fat.Use pictures This is old Jack.Use tongue twistersUse tongue twisterslDo not teach the sounds of English individually.The sounds should be part of a meaningful word or phrase or sentence.Students generally pick up the sound system by listening to your model or voices on cassette,etc.Do not teach the sounds of EnglIf we spend a lot of time on pronunciation exercises,student interest may dwindle.So,teachers should move on to something else when pronunciation exercises no longer produce noticeable progress.Five to ten minutes of class time per meeting for as long as the need and willingness of the students last this is a golden rule.(Bowen,1985).If we spend a lot of time on pl“Correct students sometimes,but not all the time.If we are practicing one particular language point,then I insist that they say it correctly.But if we are doing a freer activity then I try not to correct too much.If I do correct,I try to do it in an encouraging way.”l“Try to correct errors as little as possible.I want my students to express themselves in English without worrying too much about making mistakes.Sometimes I notice points that everyone gets wrong,and deal with them later,but I never interrupt students to correct them.”“Correct students sometimes,Practising Stress IntonationStressreferstotheamountofforcewithwhichasoundorsyllableisuttered.1.Wordstress2.Sentencestress Practising Stress IntonatinTask 6 advert/advertisement popular/popularityphotograph/photographer celebrate/celebrityorganise/organisation music/musicianevacuate/evacuation publish/publicityTask 6 nTask 7Sentences with a different stress 1.I want two return tickets to London.2.I want two return tickets to London.3.I want two return tickets to London.Task 7Three ways to show stressnUse the voicenUse gesturesnUse the blackboardThree ways to show stressUse tTask 8:Task 8:Work in groups and demonstrate how you can apply the methods introduced above to show the stress pattern of the following words,phrases and sentences.Task 8:Work in groups and nIntonation is speech melody,the way our voice goes up and down as we speak.Intonation is very important in expressing meaning,and especially in showing our feelings,such as surprise,anger,disbelief,gratitude,etc.Intonation patterns are quite complex,and it is better for students to acquire them naturally rather than try to learn them consciously.That is,your modeling and their imitation in an unconscious way is important.Intonation Intonation is speech melody,Three basic types of intonationnThe falling intonationnThe rising intonationnThe level intonation Three basic types of intonatnHes moved to Glasgow.nHe moved to Glasgow(about a year ago).nWhere do you live?nWhere do you live?Hes moved to Glasgow.Work in groups.Demonstrate how you can 1)help the students practise saying the following sentences;2)indicate the normal intonation in the following sentences;then change the intonation and see how the meaning can be changed.Task9Work in groups.Demonstrate h Concluding RemarksnUse individual,pair,group and whole class work to create a pleasant,relaxed,and dynamic classroom.nUse hands and arms to conduct choral pronunciation practice.nMove around the classroom when doing choral practice.nVary the criteria of“good”in pronunciation practice to give students confidence.nIt is helpful to do articulation practice more than once.Concluding RemarksUse indivinBring interests and variety to the practice of pronunciation.nThe main criteria for good pronunciation are consistency,intelligibility,and communicative efficiency.nDo not rely on explanations.Make full use of demonstrations.nTry to use visual aids.nTeachers should be extremely imaginative and creative.Bring interests and variety toPronunciation Questionnaire1.Do you think that it is important to speak with good pronunciation?Why or why not?2.Do you think it is important for you to teach pronunciation in your classes?Why or why not?3.In what situations would it be particularly useful or perhaps necessary to speak with good pronunciation?Pronunciation Questionnaire1.Pronunciation Questionnaire4.Do you think that pronunciation will be interesting/important to your students?5.How do you plan on teaching pronunciation to your students?6.For you,which is more important,that your students have a good pronunciation or that they communicate effectively?Explain.Pronunciation Questionnaire4.