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牛津高中英語模塊一（第1講） 【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】 一、 教學內(nèi)容： 牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （上） 二、教學要求： 1．掌握和校園生活有關的常用單詞、詞組與句型。 2．學會描述校園生活和學校設施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、學習和辛勤勞動的時期 Huge campus and low-rise building 學校面積大，沒有高層建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12個實驗室可供不同試驗使用。 Each room es with its own bothroom and Internet access.每個房間都有自己的衛(wèi)生間和英特網(wǎng)接口。 3．學習閱讀技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．語法：定語從句（一） 【知識重點與學習難點】 一、 重要單詞： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重點詞組： class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和….相處不拘束 school hours學校作息時間 earn respect from 贏得…的尊敬 sound like聽起來象 for free 免費 get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 關鍵詞 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 認識路 develop an interest in 培養(yǎng)對….的興趣 surf the Internet網(wǎng)上沖浪 【難點講解】 1. What is your dream school life like? 你理想中的學校生活是什么樣子? 這里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (夢之隊)。 2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 去一所英國中學讀書一年對我來說是一次令人愉快和興奮的經(jīng)歷。 Going 在本句里作動名詞，它和后面的to a British high school for one year構成動名詞短語作句子的主語。Go to a British high school本來是個動詞詞組，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具備名詞的特性可以在句子中充當主語、賓語或表語。 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，但所表達的意思不同, 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 過去分詞則有被動或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart. 3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. 我對英國學校的作息時間很滿意因為學校大約上午9點開始上課，下午3點半左右放學。 Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。 4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. 這意味著我可以晚一小時起床，因為在中國學校8點鐘上課。 as adv.同樣地, 被看作, 象 prep.當做 conj.與...一樣, 當...之時, 象, 因為 本單元多次出現(xiàn)as, 用法各不相同,應注意比較。另外as 還可以構成一些常用詞組：as if就好像, as far as就….而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。 mean: 意味著, 后面通常加名詞或賓語從句。例如： The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States. The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school. 5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. 他還告訴我們贏得學校尊敬的最好方法是努力學習并取得好成績。 The best way to do sth is to…..結構用來表達做某事的最好方法是….., 例如: The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible. 6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這兒的家庭作業(yè)沒有我原來學校的多，但一開始對我有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因為所有作業(yè)都是英語的。 As…..as, 中間加形容詞或副詞,一般要連接兩個相同的句子成分, 請比較下面兩句話: You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him). You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me). Used to 過去常常, 隱含的意思是現(xiàn)在的情況已經(jīng)不同。例如: She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more). Used to 的否定形式是usedn’t to/ didn’t use to 注意：be used to sth/doing 表示習慣于…. 7. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. 當我學著怎樣買菜、洗菜、燒飯時，烹飪真的是一件有趣的事。 fun是名詞,有趣的事情, 副詞really并非修飾它,而是修飾前面的be動詞was 試比較: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.這兩句意思雖然相同, 但really修飾的對象不同,因此說話的側重點也不同。 8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article. 就像你在文章中提到的那樣，我的確喜歡在飯后吃甜食。 Do、did在陳述句中，用在動詞前表示強調，可譯作的確、確實。 9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. 完成學業(yè)之后，他開始在中國旅行。 介詞upon/ on加doing相當于帶as soon as 的時間狀語從句。 Upon finishing his study＝As soon as he finished his study 10. Former student return from China 一位校友重中國歸來 former, past, old 雖然都和過去有關，但 側重點不同。 former：“過去曾經(jīng)是...的、 前任….”, past: “過去的” old“老的、從前的”。例如: former president前總統(tǒng)，past experience以往的經(jīng)驗，my old school我的母校。 11. earn, achieve和gain 這三個單詞的基本意思都是“get”但含義不盡相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（掙，得到…作為工作的回報）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通過努力達到某個目標), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它對得到的方法和內(nèi)容都沒有具體要求。常見搭配: earn money/ a living/ one’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上風)/ ground(取得進步). 【語法】 定語從句(1) 用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。定語從句的作用和作定語的形容詞、介詞詞組、分詞詞組相似，有時可以相互轉換，例如：金發(fā)女孩可譯作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定語從句通常由關系代詞that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或關系副詞when/ where/ why引導，這些詞既指代主句中要說明的名詞或代詞, 又充當從句中的某個句子成分。請看例句： 1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行詞person,在從句中作主 語) 2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在從句中作賓 語, 所以常用代詞who的賓格形式). 3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (關系代詞that指代weak nation，在從句中作表語) 4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (關系代詞whose指代the school’s ，從句中作floor space的定語) 5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (關系副詞where指代主句中的地點狀語gym 在從句中作狀語) 【閱讀技巧】 Skimming & Scanning Skimming略讀，skim原意是輕輕掠過表面，作為閱讀技巧是指通過瀏覽文章標題，主題句，插圖和圖表等方法了解文章的大意。 Skan, 本意是掃描，這里指用眼光快速掃視書報等材料尋找我們想要的信息。他們的區(qū)別在于Skimming是為了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是為了尋找某些具體信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速閱讀的重要策略，也是信息時代我們必備的技能。尤其是在閱讀英語時，注重練習Skimming & Scanning可以幫助克服逐字逐句的閱讀習慣（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高閱讀速度。 【補充閱讀】 閱讀這篇文章,根據(jù)中文提示和上下文寫出所缺的單詞: 2019-2020年高中英語 教案全套 牛津版必修1 I leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to ______(趕) a bus to school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school. The _______(路程) on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way. When I arrive at school, I______(領取) my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30. We listen to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week. At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on the other days. Each period lasts an hour. All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_____(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers for each lesson. I have a _______(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but otherwise I have to carry it all around with my in my bags. Swipe Cards Every Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have _____(參加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies. On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings. We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money. Subjects Maths, English Science ICT Drama Music Art PE Humanities (History, Geography, and Religion) French or Spanish Time Table 9:00 1st Period 10:00 2nd Period 11:00 - 11:20 Break During break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play IT a chasing game. Snow ball fight when it snows is dead fun. 11:20 3rd Period 12:30 4th Period 1:30 - 2:10 Lunch I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School______(食堂). 2:10 5th Period 3:10 End of School Sometimes I stay after school for clubs. Canteen The Canteen is open at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food is served only at lunch time. Chips are only_______(買的到) on Mondays and Fridays. 【同步練習】 一、 用適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空： 1．I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student. 2. There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of coffee. 3. That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities. 4. China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC. 5. He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour. 6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his pany has set up offices. 7. The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner . 8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago. 二、將下列每組句子合成一個帶定語從句的復合句： 1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years. 2. On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe. 3. On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects. 4. Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union. She can meet many international students there. 5. Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself. 參考答案 一、 1. when 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. which/that 6. where 7. whom/who 8. as 二、 1. The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7th. 2. On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe. 3. On the way to school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects. 4. shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union where she can meet many internatioal students. 5. Jane’s father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be. 閱讀填空： catch, journey, collect, digit, locker, attended, canteen, available 牛津高中英語模塊一（第二講） 主講教師：邵磊 主審 孫德霖 【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】 一、教學內(nèi)容： 牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （下） 二、教學要求： 1．掌握和學?；顒佑嘘P的常用單詞、詞組與句型。 2．學會用英語寫通知和海報。 3．語法：定語從句（二） 【知識重點與學習難點】 一、重要單詞： contest, replace, possession, plete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, pare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote. 二、重點詞組： refer to 指 , function as當作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發(fā)生, make decision作決定, make parison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對…負責, consist of包含,由…構成, e up with想出, base on根據(jù), have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加. 【難點講解】 1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs. 我必須在一個有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業(yè)。 I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small. 我不想在桌椅太小的房間里學習。 第一句里定語從句 that has desks and chairs的關系代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語；第二句里定語從句where desks and chairs are too small的關系副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點狀語。試比較： 1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays. 2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees. 上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個地方是地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹的是beach，它是從句的主語，所有以用關系代詞that來指代。 2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead. 除此之外，我也許會只顧看你爸爸書櫥里的書，而不是去做作業(yè)。 She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework. 她將會忙著看報紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)。 “might be reading”，“will be reading”屬于“情態(tài)動詞＋be+doing” 的結構，表示對某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情的預言、推測或期待。例如： I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業(yè)時，我早就會躺在床上看我喜愛的足球比賽了。 “instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話中表達做了和沒做的事情。例如： 1） We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net caf instead. →Instead of going home after school, we went to a net caf. 2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities. →Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework. 3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved. 規(guī)劃是指要進行的活動或要完成任務的計劃。 劃線部分是不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語，表示要做的事情。 4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be. 相當于：If you have more choice (條件狀語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時), you will make better decision（主句用將來時）. 你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好?！癟he+比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。 5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library. 你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問你們學校圖書館里的一本歷史書。 劃線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補充說明賓語e-mail 的內(nèi)容。 6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國際標準圖書編號 ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國際標準期刊編號 7．make常見的動賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯誤, make trouble惹麻煩, make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make parasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢 , make a request提要求, make an application申請。 【寫作】通知和海報 通知是上級對下級、組織對成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達事情或召開會議等所使用的應用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關人員，如學生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡意賅、措辭得當、時間及時。 　　例一：布告形式的通知：通常此類通知上方正中寫Notice或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫在左下角處。例如 NOTICE　 　　 All　mumbers of the students’union　are　requested　to　meet　in　the　school conference　room　on　Saturday,　Sept18th,　at　2:00　p.　m.　to　discuss　questions　of　international　culture　exchanges with New Zealand high school band.　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Sept.14,　xx　 海報的形式和媒體沒有特殊要求，它要先用簡明、生動的圖文吸引過往人群的注意力，再以簡潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡單明了的內(nèi)容介紹。下面是一個網(wǎng)上海報，供大家參考： Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery. Mail you poster to: Stay Alert ... Stay Safe P.O. Box 93006, 499 Main St. S. Brampton, Ontario L6Y 1N0 【語法】定語從句(2) 1．定語從句中關系代詞that、which 用來指代物，who 、whom和that 用來指代人，whose用來表示所屬關系，關系副詞when、where和 why指代時間、地點和原因。 2．關系代詞的用法 　　(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： 　　All that I have is my love for this land. There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain. 　　(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關系代詞常用that,不用which。例如： The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam. No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours. 　　(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that,作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。例如： 　　There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. 　　(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如： 　　She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother. 　　 　　(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。 　　(6) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關系代詞應該用that。例如： 　　The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 　　(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關系代詞應該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： 　　Is there anyone here who will go with you? (8)關系代詞that/which/who/whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略。例如： The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club. Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us. As在定語從句中的用法 　　一. 引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 　 （１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。 　 （２）as 也可單獨使用，引導非限制性定語從句，作用相當于which。例如： The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. 二．關系副詞引導的定語從句 　　1．關系副詞也可以引導定語從句 　　 關系副詞在從句中分別表示時間．地點或原因。關系副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語，where 充當?shù)攸c狀語，why充當原因狀語。例如： We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force. This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine. 　　2. that有時也可引導定語從句表示時間．地點或原因 　　That有時可以代替關系副詞 when, where 或者why引導定語從句表示時間．地點或原因，這種定語從句中的that也可以省去。例如： That is the time(that) he arrives. That is the reason (that) he came. 【同步練習】 一、 選擇適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空： 1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor. A. of whom　　　　 B. whom　　　　　　 C. of whose　　　　 D. whose　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it　　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　 C. this　　　　　　 D. that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help. A. that　　　　　　 B. who　　　　　　　 C. from whom　　　 　D. to whom　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar. A. when　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　 C. that　　　　　　 D. who　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. A. which　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　 C. that　　　　　　 D. when　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom. 　A. it 　　　　　 B. that　　　　 　　 C. when　　　　　　 D. which　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now. A．who　　　　　 B．which　　　　　　　 C．this　　　　　　　 D．what 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable. A. which price　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. the price of which C. its price　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. the price of whose 9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. As　　　　　　　 B. It　　　　　　　 C. That　　　　　　 D. Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English. A. this　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　 C. that　　 　　　　D. same 11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue. A. whose　　　　　 B. of which　　　　 C. which　　　　　　 D. its 12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student. A. what　　　　　　 B. which　　　　 　C. that　　　　　　 D. when 13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago. A. that　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　 C. which　　　　　　 D. there 14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women. A. in which　　　　 B. in that　　　　　 C. in whose　　　　 D. whose 15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her. A. the way　　 B. the way in that　 C. the way which　　 D. the way of which 16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through . A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how 17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science. A. which I think is　　　　　　　　　 B. which I think it is C. which I think it　　　　　　　　　D.I think which is 18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat . A. who　　　　　　　 B. that　　　　　　 C. what　　　　　　　 D. whcih　　 　　　　　 參考答案 一、1-5 DBCCB　 6-10 BBCAB　 11-15 ADACA　 16-18 BAB 牛津高中英語模塊一（第3講） 主講：邵磊 主審 ：孫德霖 【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】 一、 教學內(nèi)容： 牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 2 （上） 二、教學要求： 1．學習談論青少年經(jīng)常遇到的問題 。 2．學會戲劇腳本。 3．了解英語口語和書面語的差別。 4．語法：定語從句（三） 【知識重點與學習難點】 一、 重要單詞： act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, petition, sink, fault, boring. 二、重點詞組： mon to對…來說很普遍, turn up調高聲音, 出現(xiàn) a waste of 浪費, no more不再, spare time空余時間, force….to…強迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本應該， do with 處置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess亂成一團, leave sb in charge 委托 …..負責, act like行為舉止象 …, go unpunished不受懲罰, go out熄滅, have one’s arm crossed雙臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on對某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, than ever before比以前任何時候都, be angry at對某事生氣, even if即使, treat sb like…象 一樣對待 , argue about為 …而爭吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在許多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。 【難點講解】 1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. 埃里克跟著球跑進來，后面跟著一條大狗，狗走得很慢。 這句話里有兩個不同層面上的狀語：過去分詞短語“followed by a big dog” 是謂語“runs in”的伴隨狀語，而現(xiàn)在分詞短語“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟隨埃里克進來的行走方式，是動詞“follow”的狀語。 伴隨狀語通常由現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語或介詞短語承當。當伴隨動作由主語發(fā)出時，用現(xiàn)在分詞，當伴隨動作由其他人或物發(fā)出時用過去分詞。例如： He ran after the thief, shouting angrily. She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler. The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand. 2. You weren’t supposed to e home until tomorrow. 你們應該明天才回家的。 be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本應該去做。例如; You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday. Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country. 在肯定句中until 必須和持續(xù)性動詞