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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit24 Society難句.剖析.拓展 北師大版選修8 1. Besides, we’re all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those who govern us. 除此之外, 我們都是納稅人, 因此, 我們掙的錢越多, 就要向管理我們的政府繳更多的稅。 剖析：這是一個由so連接的并列句, 第一個并列分句是we’re all taxpayers , 第二個并列分句是 the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those..., 其中包含一個固定結構the more..., the more..., who govern us是定語從句, 修飾those。 拓展：辨析the more...the more...和more and more： 雖然同是形容詞的比較級, 但是兩個有不同含義。 the more...the more...“越……越……”, 表示兩個過程按比例同時遞增。前一個the more...結構為分句, 后一個the more...結構為主句;通常是從句在前, 主句在后。這種結構往往有省略。如: The sooner you start, the more quickly you’ll finish it. ＝If you start sooner, you will finish it more quickly. 你開始得越早, 結束得就越快。 more and more...“越來越……”，表示一個過程的不斷增長。如: As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired. 他繼續(xù)往前走的時候，感到越來越疲乏。 2. And the result of all this?Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families. 而這一切的結果呢?不是更快樂了, 而是壓力增加了, 留給自己和家人、朋友享受樂趣的時間更少了。 剖析：這兩個簡單句可合為一句話。the result是主語, is是系動詞, 表語是由not...but...連接的Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time。to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families是不定式作定語, 修飾less free time, 當兩個不定式連用時, 第二個可以省略to。increased是過去分詞作定語修飾happiness。 拓展：1)not...but...“不是……而是……”, 表示取舍關系，常連接主語、表語和賓語。 not only...but also...“不但……而且……”, 表示遞進關系，常連接兩個并列的主語、謂語、狀語和并列句。 2)過去分詞作定語相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句，現在分詞作定語相當于一個主動語態(tài)的定語從句。 3)介詞短語、名詞、形容詞短語要變成不定式, 需要加to be。 3. Trade unions demand that the government shorten the working week. 工會要求政府縮短每周的工作時間。 剖析：這是一個主從復合句, Trade unions demand...是主句, that the government shorten the working week是一個賓語從句, 從句中用了虛擬語氣, 省略了should。 拓展：在表示命令、要求等動詞的后面, 其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”, should可省略。表示“要求”的動詞有demand, insist, desire, request, require等。考題中, ?？疾槭÷詓hould的形式。其對應名詞也要用虛擬語氣, 這類名詞有demand, desire, requirement, order, decision等。如: The little girl demanded that she be sent to Xinjiang. 4. They are also suggesting that people should share work and thus reduce unemployment. 他們還建議人們應該分享工作, 降低失業(yè)率。 剖析：這是一個主從復合句, They are also suggesting...是主句, that people should share work and thus reduce unemployment是賓語從句。 拓展：在表示建議、忠告等動詞的后面, 其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣, should可省略。常用動詞有suggest, propose, remend, advise等, 其對應名詞后的同位語從句、表語從句中也用虛擬語氣。如: His suggestion was that the baby be taken good care of. 他的建議是這個嬰兒應該受到很好的照料。 但是, 當suggest作“暗示”講時, 不能用虛擬語氣, 要用陳述語氣。如: His smile on his face suggested that he agreed on the decision. 他臉上的微笑說明他同意這個決定。 5. As a society, it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously. 作為整個社會來講, 我們早就應該更嚴肅地考慮這些問題了。 剖析：這是一個主從復合句, as a society是介詞短語作狀語, it’s high time...是主句。take sth. seriously “嚴肅地考慮某事”。 拓展：It’s high time that sb. did sth. 是固定句型, 表示“到了某人干某事的時候了”, 含有責備的感情色彩, 從句中用虛擬語氣, that引導的從句的謂語用一般過去時。如: It is high time that you went to school. 到了你上學的時候了。 注意與This is the first/second...time后從句中用現在完成時的區(qū)別。 This is the first that I have visited Weihai. 這是我第一次參觀威海。 6. We should also make sure that there are better ways for young people to use their free time apart from spending money. 我們還要確保, 除了花錢以外, 輕人有更好的方式來打發(fā)他們的業(yè)余時間。 剖析：這是一個主從復合句, We should also make sure...是主句, that there are better ways for young people to use their free time apart from spending money是賓語從句。for young people to use their free time 是不定式復合結構作定語, 修飾ways, apart from spending money是介詞短語作狀語, apart from＝as well as= besides, 表示“除了……之外”。 拓展：動詞不定式常作定語, 有主動形式和被動形式之分。在句子中, 當能夠找到不定式的邏輯主語的時候, 用主動形式, 當找不到不定式的邏輯主語的時候, 用不定式的被動語態(tài)。 表示將來的被動語態(tài)時, 用to be done, 表示正在進行的被動語態(tài)時, 用being done, 表示完成的被動語態(tài)時, 用done作定語, having been done作狀語。如: I have a lot of work to do, so I can’t go to the party. 我有很多工作要做, 因此, 不能夠去參加晚會。 He will put forward three suggestions at the meeting to be held next Monday. 在下周一的會上, 他將要提出三條建議。 7. Above all, we should remember that “being” and “doing” are much more important than “having”. 更重要的是, 我們應該記住“做人 ”和“做事”比“擁有”更重要。 剖析：這是一個主從復合句, above all是狀語, we should remember...是主句, that “being” and “doing” are much more important than “having”是賓語從句。從句中的主語“being” and “doing”是指兩件事情, 因此, 謂語動詞用復數形式。 拓展：由and連接的名詞的主謂一致情況分以下幾種: 1）當and連接的兩個動名詞指兩個事物時, 謂語動詞用復數。如: Being honest and doing good deed are both important. 誠實和做好事都是重要的。 2）當and連接的兩個疑問連詞指同一個事物時, 謂語動詞用單數。如: When and where the bridge will be built hasn’t been decided. 在哪里和什么時候建造這個大橋還沒有定下來。 3）當and連接的兩個名詞指同一人、同一事或同一概念時, and后面那個名詞前沒有冠詞, 謂語動詞用單數。當and連接兩個都有冠詞的名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數。如: The teacher and writer is respected by all the people around. 那位老師, 也是作家, 受到周圍人的尊敬。 4）用and連接的單數名詞, 前面有each, every, many a, no修飾語時, 謂語動詞要用單數。如: Every man, woman, and child is willing to take part in games. 每一位男女老少都愿意參加運動。 8. They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements. 他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著胡同的入口，這樣做使他們容易監(jiān)視人們的舉動。 剖析：這是一個主從復合句, They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs是主句;which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements是定語從句, it是形式賓語, 不定式to keep...作真正的賓語；easier是賓語的補足語。keep an eye on sb. “監(jiān)視某人”。 拓展：it 作形式賓語句型可以歸納為6123結構:6指主句中常用的動詞:make, think, believe, find, consider, feel等；1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓補的兩種形式:形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正的賓語的三種形式:不定式短語、動名詞短語或that引導的賓語從句。如: We think it our duty to water the flowers every day. He felt it important reading English aloud in the morning. He finds it easy that he can remember fifty words in an hour in a special way. 9. By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens. 胡同使家家戶戶相通, 實際上不管是富人還是普通市民, 他們的生活都被胡同聯系起來了。 剖析：1)這是一個簡單句, By connecting people’s homes是方式狀語, the hutongs connected people’s lives是主語、謂語和賓語。whether...or...在句中連接兩個并列成分, 作people’s lives的同位語。 拓展：1）動名詞作介詞的賓語, 并與介詞一起構成短語在句子里擔當定語、狀語、表語。如: The old man is making a life by mending shoes. 這位老人靠補鞋謀生。（作狀語) The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad. （作定語) 最簡單的廣告是分類廣告。 They are against using so many animals in experiments. （作表語) 他們反對用如此多的動物去做試驗。 2）要強調說明“動名詞動作”發(fā)生于“謂語動作”之前時, 多用動名詞的完成式, 如果無意具體說明“動名詞動作”發(fā)生于什么時候, 或是“動名詞動作”與“謂語動作”是同時發(fā)生時, 就只用動名詞的一般式。 I regret having said some rude words to my brother. （完成式) 我后悔對我弟弟說了些粗話。 We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing. （完成式) 我們不知道他們干過這種事情。