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2019-2020年高一英語 模塊7 主謂一致教案 外研版必修3 主謂一致問題就是要求謂語在人稱和數(shù)的方面必須和主語保持一致的問題,要遵循的原則一般歸納為三個(gè)原則: 意義一致,語法一致和臨近一致,有的語法書上也叫意義一致,形式一致和就近原則.對(duì)于這種說法,大家都很熟悉,我也就不多說.在此,我從另一方面簡(jiǎn)化此問題,歸納為一個(gè)問題三個(gè)原則. 一個(gè)問題指的是單數(shù)問題,即什么時(shí)候謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式多限于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般將來時(shí)等類型的句子,這類句子的主語成分多為以下幾種形式:1.第三人稱單數(shù)名詞或代詞; 2.不可數(shù)名詞; 3.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù); 4.數(shù)詞; 5.不定式; 6.動(dòng)名詞;及動(dòng)名詞短語; 7.主語從句; 8.分詞短語. 三個(gè)原則是就近原則,就遠(yuǎn)原則和靈活原則. 就近原則指的是句子的主語成分有下面的短語連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式有最近的主語決定, not…but; not only…but also; either…or; neither…nor; 這些多為“一帶一”型, 即“not+成分”, “but +成分”.此外還有there be句型. 就遠(yuǎn)原則是指句子的成分有短語…with…;…together with…;…except…;…but…;…as well as…;…as much as…連接, 這些多為“一帶二”型, 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與離它較遠(yuǎn)的主語決定. 靈活原則是指句子的主語成分多為集體名詞如family, class等充當(dāng),若表示所有成員就用復(fù)數(shù),表示集體則用單數(shù).還有the+adj.有時(shí)候?yàn)閱螖?shù)，有時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),要看具體情況來定。 具體來說有下列一些情況: ★I. 謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù); 1. 分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/half / all / most / some / the rest / lots/ a lot +of +n./ pron.做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面的名詞或代詞意義來決定其單復(fù)數(shù)形式. 90% of our body is water. Most of the Ss in our school are boys. 2. who, what, which, any, most, all, what-clause 做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞可視語境來其單復(fù)數(shù)形式. Which is your book? Which are your books? What we need is time. What we need are doctors. 3. each, any, none, neither, either+ of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞做主語,正式文體用單數(shù),非正式文體中除each of外都可用復(fù)數(shù). (注: none of + u.n. 謂語用單數(shù).) Each of them has a piece of paper in his hand. Neither of us has/have anything to say. None of my Ss is/are stupid. None of bread is left for you. 4. club, class, team, family, group, army, government, enemy, population, crowd 等名詞指集體時(shí)用單數(shù),指?jìng)€(gè)體時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù). 5. 以one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞+定語從句,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),但若加了the, the only, the very, the right, the just等修飾時(shí),從句位于動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于先行詞的形式,而不是關(guān)系代詞的形式. Jack is one of the Ss who/that e to classroom very early every day. Jack is the only one of the Ss that es to classroom very early every day. 6. adj. 前加the 指一類人時(shí), 且做主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù), 但若表示抽象概念或指某個(gè)人時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). The rich are against the plan. (某一類人) The wounded is my friend. (某一個(gè)人) 7. deer, sheep, means, works, Chinese, Japanese 等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞做主語,位于動(dòng)詞看情況而定. Every means has been tried. All the means have been tried. 8. boots, glasses, gloves, clothes, shoes, trousers 等表示復(fù)數(shù),但被a pair of, the/ this/ that pair pf等詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),修飾詞為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù). His glasses are broken. A pair of glasses is on the desk. 9. 名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于該動(dòng)詞后面的形式. His is a new watch, but theirs are old ones. 10. 當(dāng)主語為表示度,量,衡,時(shí)間，距離,金錢,重量,容量等的名詞時(shí),若是把它看成是一個(gè)整體,即“總量,總和”時(shí),.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),若是把他看成一個(gè)個(gè)的個(gè)體,則用復(fù)數(shù). Three thousand Yuan is a large number for me. ---There are fifteen minutes left. ---Ten minutes is enough. 11. 在數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算中,動(dòng)詞形式可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),但多用單數(shù). Five plus nine is/are fourteen. 12. 倒裝句要找準(zhǔn)主語,在確定其單復(fù)數(shù)形式. Such is Tom, one who likes helping others. Such were his words. ★ II 謂語動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)的情況. 1. 專有名詞,報(bào)刊名,書名,格言,主語從句(除what/which--clause外),不定式以及-ing形式做主語,謂語用單數(shù). 2. 主語為單數(shù),后面有with…, as well as…, no less than…, rather than…, like…, together with…, along with…, except…, but…, acpanied by…等詞組修飾時(shí),謂語仍然用單數(shù). He together with his parents has gone to see the film. 3. 以-S結(jié)尾但是為單數(shù)概念的名詞,如學(xué)科名詞politics, maths, 以及news, the United States, James 等, 謂語用單數(shù). 4. 用some, any, no, every, many a, more than one等修飾的單數(shù)名詞或由somebody, someone, nobody, no one, everybody, every one, anybody, anyone, everything, each, the other, the number of 做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). More than one person is going to lose his job. 5. one and a half + c.n. (pl.); a + c.n. (single.) + and + a + half; 謂語用單數(shù). One pear and a half is on the plate. ★ III 其他情況 1. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致, I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know. 2. 用or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but…, not only…but also…, 做主語時(shí), 或there / here引導(dǎo)的句子不止一個(gè)主語時(shí), 用就近原則. 3. cattle, people, police, youth 集體名詞做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù). 4. and, both…and…連接的并列主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但是and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語表示同一人,一物或者同一概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 由each, every, no修飾的單數(shù)名詞并用and連接多個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 當(dāng)兩種不同的的物質(zhì)混為一體做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)兩種不同的物件組成了一套一付用具或器皿做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). Smoke and fog is often called smog. A cup and saucer was sent to men on Teachers’ Day. ★IV 主謂一致的測(cè)試熱點(diǎn) 1. many a / more than + c.n. (single.) 做主語時(shí), 謂語用單數(shù), 但是意義為復(fù)數(shù). 2. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞. 3.并列主語指同一個(gè)人同一物或同一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),此時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞. 4. a number of + c.n. (pl.) ---- 復(fù)數(shù) // the number of + c.n. (pl.) ---- 單數(shù) 5.成對(duì)的名詞用and連接,表示單一概念,如 bread and butter (涂黃油的面包) , soda and water(汽水), aim and end(目的), coffee and milk(加牛奶的咖啡), salt and water(鹽水), knife and fork(刀叉), 做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 6.and連接的并列單數(shù)主語的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). No student and no teacher is invited to the party. 7.主語為單數(shù),其后跟有together with, always with(與…一道), as well as(和,也)，no less than(和…一樣), rather than (而不), 以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including等引起的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù). 8.定語從句中,主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which, 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞的數(shù)一致. 9.主語為一些復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如clothes, trousers, glasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但是這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與pair的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致. 10.度,量,衡,價(jià)格,時(shí)間,金錢等名詞做主語,一般看成一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 11.主語是-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及news, works(工廠)等復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,意義為單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).像一些單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如sheep, means, deer等做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞看具體情況而定. 12..主語是書名,劇名,報(bào)紙名,國(guó)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 13.主語為family, team, group, crowd, class, mittee, enemy等集合名詞,看具體情況而定. 14.定語從句前的先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞且前有one of 修飾,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如前又有the /the only/ the very/ the just 修飾則用單數(shù). 15.主語為疑問代詞which, what, who＆不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞前有half, part, the rest等,謂語動(dòng)詞看具體情況來定. 16.主語為表示數(shù)量的one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù), one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 17. the + adj. /分詞作主語, 視情況而定. 18,就近原則 not only…but also…, neither…nor…, etc. 19.倒裝句看情況來定單復(fù)數(shù)形式. there be…句型中, 用就近原則. 20.people(人民)是集合名詞,復(fù)數(shù)概念,people(民族)則是可數(shù)名詞,單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)具體情況來定. 21.主語名詞前有表示種類的詞修飾,如a/this/that kind of + n.,謂語形式用單數(shù),但如指的是多種則用復(fù)數(shù)。 This kind of cloth feels soft. There are different kinds of animals. 22.主語是each of…, neither of…, either of…, one of…等, 謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)。 Each of them has his own duty. 23反意疑問句中.陳述部分用everybody, everyone, sb, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或no + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞等做主語時(shí),反意部分用they,而陳述部分用anything, everything, sth, nothing時(shí),則反意部分用it. Somebody is waiting for me, aren’t they? Everything is all right, isn’t it? 24.-ing形式以及不定式,謂語用單數(shù). 25.用引號(hào)的詞語或話語做主語時(shí),謂語為單數(shù)。 “I” is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet. 26.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為主語,則who/that后謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)和主語保持一致. 27.wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣,如表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,無論主語為單還是復(fù).系動(dòng)詞be用were. I wish I were ten years younger. 28. police, cattle等集合名詞做主語時(shí),看情況而定,大多數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 29.運(yùn)算中,表示數(shù)目的主語常看作單數(shù),其謂語形式用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù),但是少見. 30.youth作青年們解講做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology.