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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit16 Stories語法.剖析.活用 北師大版選修6 過去完成時 概念 過去完成時表示在過去某個時間以前發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He was the violinist that I had met once before. 用于間接引語 在間接引語的謂語動詞said , told , asked ,后面的從句中，常常用過去完成時態(tài)，表示在談話或產(chǎn)生想法之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。 He said that he had witnessed the earthquake in 1976. 用于賓語從句中 過去完成時態(tài)常常用于thought, wondered, guessed, found, realized等詞的賓語從句中，表示在過去的某個心里活動之前的動作。 When he came back, he found that great change had taken place in Pompeii. 用于復(fù)合句中中 過去完成時態(tài)常常用于含有 when , before , after , until , hardly… when…,no sooner …than…等連詞的復(fù)合句中，主句謂語和從句謂語表示過去的動作，但是，發(fā)生的時間不同，先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完成時表示。 When I woke up, the volcano had already stopped giving out ashes. 用于含有by＋時間點(diǎn)的句子中 過去完成時常與by the end of last week（month，year．．．），by the last week（month．．．）等詞連用。表示截止到某個時間為止，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。 By the end of , thirty volcanoes had erupted in the Pacific Ocean. 一般過去時與過去完成時的區(qū)別 一般過去時表示在過去某個時間點(diǎn)或時間段發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常常與at, when, before, after連用。 Helen Keller came across the flowing water. 過去完成時表示的動作或存在的狀態(tài)是在過去某一時間以前發(fā)生的，即“過去的過去”。 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。 -------|--------------------|--------------------> 過去完成時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在 Anne realized Helen had felt the water flowing. 注意事項(xiàng) 表示過去的連續(xù)動作時，常用and和but等連詞表示動作發(fā)生的先后順序，通常用一般過去時，而不用過去完成時。 He bought a videophone but soon it didn’t work. 【活學(xué)巧用】 Ⅰ.把下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 1. Mr. Smith said to me, “ I have finished cleaning the abandoned house.” 2. “ I have known the volcano very well,” said the scientist. 3.“Ive bought a new harp,” she said to me. 4. “Have you watered your violet, Tim?” the mother asked. 5.“Her words puzzled me very much because I didn’t then understand anything ,”said Helen. Ⅱ.完成句子 1. Marx wrote back telling Engels that .(極大地鼓勵了他) 2. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we . (在這之前，見面好幾次) 3. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium . (已經(jīng)完工了) 4. The news came as no surprise to me. I (已經(jīng)知道一些時間了) that the factory was going to shut down. 5. I arrived late; I (沒有預(yù)料到) the road to be so icy. Ⅰ. 1.He told me that he had finished cleaning the abandoned house. 2.The scientist said that he had known the volcano very well. 3.She told me that she had bought a new harp. 4.The mother asked Tim whether he had watered his violet. 5.Helen said her words had puzzled her very much because she hadn’t then understand anything. Ⅱ. 1.his praise had greatly encouraged him. 2.had seeneach other a couple of times before that. 3.had been pletedin Beijing. 4.had knownfor some time 5.hadnt expected 單項(xiàng)填空 1.(全國卷I,27)Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had ____ his leg. A.damaged B.hurt C.hit D.struck 【思路解析】本題考查過去完成時態(tài)中的動詞詞義辨析。damage指“破壞，損壞”；hurt“傷害，使……受傷”； hit“擊中，打中”；strike指“擊打，敲打”。句意為“Mike不能踢球是因?yàn)樗耐仁軅??！惫蔴urt符合要求。 答案：B 2. (全國III,12) John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would planD. had planned 【思路解析】D 為婚禮作計(jì)劃的動作發(fā)生在花費(fèi)spend之前，因此用過去完成時態(tài)had planned。 3. (天津,3)----Did Linda see the traffic accident? ----No, no sooner than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone 【思路解析】A “她一走就發(fā)生了”，no sooner …than…表示一……就……，其中no sooner之后用過去完成時，than之后用一般過去時。當(dāng)no sooner位于句首時，句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。主句的動作先發(fā)生，用過去完成時態(tài)，從句的動作后發(fā)生，用一般過去時態(tài)。 4.(湖南24) I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ____to half a dozen other groups. A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given 【思路解析】C說話人向other groups做報告發(fā)生在向a large group of people做報告之前，此句前半句是一般過去進(jìn)行時，定語從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前, 所以用過去完成時。 5. (北京，24) He _____ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned 【思路解析】D when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句過去完成時態(tài),表示動作發(fā)生在he entered the university之前。 6. (福建, 28) Father ______ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left 【思路解析】D 根據(jù)所提供的情景可判斷出父親出發(fā)去倫敦的動作發(fā)生在my arrival 之前， 所以用過去完成時態(tài)，表示“過去的過去”。 have sth. done 意為使（讓、請）別人做某事。其中have是使役動詞，意為“使、讓”, 而不是“有”的意思，后接賓語sth., 過去分詞done作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示動作是別人做的，不是由句子的主語完成的,有意識地讓別人替自己做事, sth. 與過去分詞表示的動作之間是被動關(guān)系。 He has had his hair cut. 他請人給他理發(fā)了。 The princess is going to have her new clothes made by a young tailor. 公主打算要一個輕的裁縫給她做一套新衣服。 表示遭遇到不幸的事情。此時，主語是無意中的受害者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。 He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球時腿受了傷。 The girl had her precious musical instrument in the storm last Sunday. 那個女孩在暴風(fēng)雨中，傷了她的寶貴的樂器。 此種結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式，即not have sth done 偶爾用來表示不允許發(fā)生某事。 We won’t have anything said against our violinist.我們不允許人這樣攻擊我們的小提琴家。 have sb do sth. have + sb. （賓語） + do sth （賓語補(bǔ)足語）意為“讓 / 叫 / 使某人做某事”。have 是使役動詞， sb. 作賓語，其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的動詞不定式,作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 My father often has me study for 10 hours a day. 父親經(jīng)常要我一天學(xué)習(xí) 10 個小時。 The novelist had the victim talk about the volcanic eruption. 那位小說家讓那位受害者談及火山的爆發(fā)。 have sth./sb. doing 使某物或某人正在做某事”。其中have也是使役動詞（讓、使、叫），后接復(fù)合賓語，其賓補(bǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間不但存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而且是主動關(guān)系，即賓語是賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞動作的執(zhí)行者。強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行或同時進(jìn)行的動作。 You would have everybody teasing you if you did such a tiresome thing. 如果你做這樣令人厭煩的事情， 你將使得每個人嘲笑你。 The scientists have the workers working day and night in the Pompeii’s ruins now. 科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在使得工人們正在在旁貝廢墟里工作。 此結(jié)構(gòu)常用于否定式，表示“不能讓”，“不允許”。 I will not have you talking to Mother like that. 我不能讓你和媽這樣說話。 have sth to do 有某事要做, have是謂語動詞，意為 “有”，不定式to do是賓語sth.的定語，句子的主語是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者。 不定式若用被動式，則句子的主語就不是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者了。 He will have his biology to write. 他要寫他的傳記。 I have my biology to be written. 我要找人寫我的傳記。 漢譯英 1.我們剛才請人把機(jī)器修好了。 2.我要叫孩子去寄這封信。 3.你最好把車子開慢點(diǎn)。 4.你有什么東西需要帶到城里去嗎？ 5.他應(yīng)該用這塊絢麗多彩的布料做一身新衣服。 1.We had the machine mended just now. 2.I will have my boy mail this letter. 3.Youd better have your car running slowly. 4.Have you anything to be taken to the city by me or someone else? 5.Heshouldhavenewclothesmadeofthissplendidcloth.